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Here you go. You don't have to use Google, Facebook, Twitter, or any of those if you want a smart phone with a secured, hardened OS. You can strip pretty much all Google tools out of Android, you don't need to use any of the social/data gathering platforms.

• * KolabNow as an email provider instead of GMail. They have a good privacy policy, are hosted in Switzerland which has fair privacy laws, and costs about $3/month.
• * Syncthing for making your own open-source "cloud storage" as a replacement for Dropbox and Google Drive. I've played around with a few alternatives, but this was my favourite; it's very straight-forward to set up, fully peer-to-peer so you don't need a centralized server if you don't want one, and it has clients for most operating systems. The Android app lets you set it to only sync when it's on WiFi and/or charging.
• * Maps is an alternative to Google Maps, which uses OpenStreetMaps, the "Wikipedia of navigation". It doesn't have the same knowledge of local shops and restaurants as Google Maps does, but it is "good enough" for most of my needs, and in contrast to other clients like OsmAnd, the interface is actually quite slick.
• * CopperheadOS for my phone. It's still partially in the Google ecosystem, by being an Android distribution that requires a Nexus or Pixel. But Android itself is still mostly open-source, and this comes with all Google apps and services stripped out. (Lineage works as well, but Copperhead is more focused on privacy and security.)
• * Yalp. Some apps are simply not available outside Google Store (e.g. online banking apps in my case); this helps you install such apps without having to install the full Google Services platform on your phone.
• * Firefox Focus/Klar. In contrast to the usual Firefox browser, this new app is actually useable on a phone; and last time I checked it had better privacy settings than the Chrome browsers you find on most androids.

In case you do need one at some point: CopperheadOS. Unfortunately, it only supports Nexus phones at the moment, but they provide a Google-free security-hardened android distribution with regular updates and no proprietary components. I'm not saying it's bullet-proof, but getting rid of the telemetry Google has built into Google Play Services and providing regular security updates is orders of magnitude better than the competition.

Newer than the Blackphone is the Copperhead hardened Android.

There is a free download for the Nexus 5x and 6p (but these phones have a terrible habit of frying their CPUs).

They also sell Pixels preloaded with Copperhead, but these are quite expensive.

I know this is technically Android, but I think the spirit of the question is about moving away from Google- or Apple-controlled software.

Have you ever thought of getting, say, a Google-made phone and installing some kind of open-source ROM such as this one? (Only one that comes to mind right now.) You can install the software you need, and have a phone that is completely decoupled from Google services. Even the browser (chromium) uses duckduckgo by default.

For-profit company puts consumer tracking (and indirectly, profit) above consumer privacy?

Why am I not surprised by this?

Google has done these kinds of things repeatedly, and gets away with them repeatedly. All they need to do is wait for the backlash to subside after every negative leak, because it seems that the average consumer is more concerned with Facebook and other similar things than privacy, security, not buying from companies that screw you over, etc. The people who learn from being screwed over once and install Copperhead OS (or anything that has Google spyware removed) are in the minority.

No GAPPS? No problem.