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From Telecordia's website

About Freedom Wireless
Freedom Wireless, Inc. owns and licenses core intellectual property directed toward prepaid wireless systems and services. The Freedom Wireless patent portfolio consists of six United States Patents. Two of these patents (U.S. Patent Nos. 5,722,067 and 6,157,823) were recently found by a jury in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts to be valid and infringed by Boston Communications Group, Inc. (BCGI) and certain of its wireless carrier customers. Other aspects of Freedom Wireless' suit against BCGI are presently being heard by the Honorable Judge Edward F. Harrington, Senior U.S. District Judge. Freedom Wireless is located in Phoenix, AZ. Licensing inquiries should be directed to Larry Day, President of Freedom Wireless.

(Emphasis added by me)

And in "the land of the free" its telcordia to name one. I know at least 2 of the 3 biggest providers use them.

• Before the Bell System Breakup in 1984, there was Bell Labs.
  
• After the split, AT&T got Bell Labs, Long Distance, and Manufacturing (aka Western Electric), and the 7 Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) jointly ran a smaller Labs spinoff called Bellcore.
  
• Bellcore had N years of funding, and eventually turned into Telcordia and was bought by SAIC.
  
• In 1992-93, AT&T spun off Unix Systems Labs, which got acquired by Novell, which sold it to SCO in 1995.
  
• In 1996, AT&T spun off Lucent (aka Western Electric) and NCR. Lucent got most of Bell Labs, especially the physics/chemistry/computer people, and AT&T kept a much smaller AT&T Labs, mainly communications and computer and Internet folks.
  

What's happended to Bell Labs?

It got broken into a number of pieces, just as AT&T split up.

(is it somewhere in Lucent?)

The piece called Bell Labs did.

How about HP?

HP Labs still exists; whether they're doing less, or just doing stuff other than the commodity stuff HP's using more of, is another matter.

But, as has been noted, there are some research departments in big companies that are doing interesting stuff, such as IBM and even a favorite whipping boy on Slashdot. How pure the research of any given company is might be a different matter.

Lucky recently retired from Telcordia Technologies, where he was Vice-President of Applied Research.

Bellcore is now Telcordia Technologies, Inc. and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Science Applications International Corporation. They still provide operational support systems for the regional Bell operating companies (RBOCS) and other telecommunications companties.

note these are hosts, not individual IP addresses

Umm, false. From here:

The Telcordia solution to quantifying Internet growth statistics is based on an internally developed unique sampling method. In this approach, over 150,000 randomly generated IP addresses are sampled on a daily basis and checked for their existence.

I haven't checked http://www.argreenhouse.com/netsizer ('cause it seems to be taking just forever to load), but they appear to be generating random quads and seeing if they exist, and running statistics against their findings over time.