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Wireless Networks to Native Reservations

akb writes: "Interesting article entitled Native Networking Trends: Wireless Broadband Networks describing a project which provided three Indian reservations near San Diego with wireless broadband connectivity. The collaboration between UC San Diego and the Southern California Tribal Chairman Association has attracted additional funding from HP's Digital Village Program doubling the original NSF allocation, which will allow the network to expand to connect 18 reservations to the Internet and educational facilities. The network sports a 45mbps wireless backbone with 802.11b uplinks." The HPWREN pages have a lot of interesting information, including specifications for their 45 megabit solar-powered relays.

87 comments

  1. Online casinos by richie2000 · · Score: 1
    Is this meant to take their casinos online? IMHO that would be a good way for the natives to finally get some revenge on the white man.

    USA out of America! :-)

    --
    Money for nothing, pix for free
    1. Re:Online casinos by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I was a bit surprised by this news myself. I've never been to an Indian casino with wireless access, this could be great!

    2. Re:Online casinos by FortKnox · · Score: 1

      "You Win!!...
      +++
      ATH0

      Doh!

      --
      Good quote, too many chars. Seriously, the slashdot 120 char limit sucks!
    3. Re:Online casinos by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, because every white man alive today was involved in the taking of land from Native Americans!

    4. Re:Online casinos by HerrNewton · · Score: 1

      Only six of the native run casinoes show any great profit. Many of them barely break even and most are there simply as a job source on the reservations.

      --

      ----
      Am I the only one who thinks Microsoft is a misnomer? Perhaps Macrosoft would be a better fit?
    5. Re:Online casinos by richie2000 · · Score: 1
      Have you given any of it back lately?

      Sometimes, the children have to set right what their fathers did wrong - at least if they have a more evolved sense of ethics and higher moral standards. I can, in a way, understand the settlers seeing the natives as a threat (especially since the government wanted to portray them as such) but that doesn't justify us hanging on to their land and even stealing more for uranium mines and whatnot. BTW, I don't like the Israeli occup... Settling of the Gaza strip and West bank either.

      --
      Money for nothing, pix for free
    6. Re:Online casinos by richie2000 · · Score: 1
      If it keeps them off the booze, I'm all for it.

      Seriously, the ones that aren't showing profits - are they just too far off in the deserts/whereever to get the crowds in or did they overinvest in the facilities to begin with? I've just seen the profitable ones on TV and kinda assumed all of them made a killing... The faltering ones should really think about going online, in this economy there should be no problem finding geeks willing to hack up their platforms for glass pearls and some mescal juice.

      --
      Money for nothing, pix for free
    7. Re:Online casinos by Unknown+Bovine+Group · · Score: 1
      ...including specifications for their 45 megabit solar-powered relays.

      Hey! Stop-um rain dance! Cloud gods cause Chief Carpel-Tunnel's Quake game to lag.

      --
      m00.
    8. Re:Online casinos by HerrNewton · · Score: 2

      They're not faltering in that they are fufilling their intended goal: to make as many jobs as possible without running too deeply in the red.

      --

      ----
      Am I the only one who thinks Microsoft is a misnomer? Perhaps Macrosoft would be a better fit?
  2. Wireless and 3G by MosesJones · · Score: 2

    These sorts of projects are a kick in the teeth to the wireless companies who will soon be trying to sell 3G tech. Or is it that these will become redundant with the advent of 3G.

    Personally I can't wait till the day when my laptop has a wireless 3G card that can connect at high speed whenever and where ever I want.

    --
    An Eye for an Eye will make the whole world blind - Gandhi
    1. Re:Wireless and 3G by richie2000 · · Score: 1
      You can do that now: Get a GPRS phone with Bluetooth, pay the Man for the data subscription, get a Bluetooth PCMCIA card for your laptop and you're off. Sure, it's more like 2.6G, but you're unlikely to spot the difference without heavy file transfers and you can just take a walk around the block while the pr0n downloads. Exercise while having fun!

      Can you imagine my delight when I saw the Bluetooth stuff in the 2.4.8 kernel xconfig? I don't have the hardware yet, but just seeing it in there gave me a warm and fuzzy feeling that nothing from Redmond ever has come close to providing. *thinks back* Well, OK, the Shell Preview for NT 3.51 was pretty close... Anyone know if XP has any Bluetooth stuff included? I seem to recall they gave Firewire a bit of a miss, maybe they did the same with BT?

      --
      Money for nothing, pix for free
    2. Re:Wireless and 3G by Quizme2000 · · Score: 1

      Instead of carrying a phone and a laptop (walking while using a laptop, I don't think so) The Ipaq to be released in Oct. will have an active matrix 65K color screen and a wireless package that supports both BT and 802.11b will be released later in Dec. I have the Ipaq H3670 with a 802.11 card in the expansion pack already. Much lighter than a laptop and you can see the screen in bright light, without the 3G infrastructure.

      --
      "Get them before they get....
    3. Re:Wireless and 3G by kilgore_47 · · Score: 2

      Personally I can't wait till the day when my laptop has a wireless 3G card that can connect at high speed whenever and where ever I want.

      I think you might have to wait, since the military just changed their mind about opening a large part of the spectrum.

      --
      ___
      The way to see by faith is to shut the eye of reason. --Ben Franklin
    4. Re:Wireless and 3G by richie2000 · · Score: 1
      Well, there you are then. If you can't leech 802.11 access everywhere (point those antennas out the windows, people! Yes! Windows - out!) just go with the GPRS option and you'll be set.

      I've posted this before, but I still want someone to build it: A complete modular portable wireless PC system consisting of a laptop/webpad, a cordless headset (with mike built-in, skull resonance fashion) and a phone/PDA. All of the components talk Bluetooth with each other and all of them work on their own or together with any of the others. The headset would store 30 minutes worth of MP3 or Ogg songs in walk-alone mode or stream them (or radio, or phone-over-IP or whatever) from the phone/PDA (2 hours' worth of storage) or laptop. All of them sync automatically when in range, keep track of friends (a REAL psychic friend's network!) nearby and so on, and so forth. The Star Trek-like comm badge for activating the voice-recognition system is mandatory. Gimme now! I wanna be a gargoyle too!

      --
      Money for nothing, pix for free
    5. Re:Wireless and 3G by Cato · · Score: 2

      This particular project has got little to do with 3G, because it is not mainly about mobility - the project used point-to-point fixed wireless (45 Mbps) for backbone links, and long-distance 802.11b (and plain 802.11b) for access links. The idea is to link schools and research centres to the Internet, rather than support mobile users.

      There is a threat to 3G from wireless LANs, but that's from operators like MobileStar, who are setting up access points in 4,000 Starbucks locations across the US (and similar operators in Europe, some with 3G licenses). If 802.11b can get its power requirements down, and if coverage improves, it could prove to be a real competitor to 3G, particularly because its hardware and spectrum costs are already very low compared to 3G.

    6. Re:Wireless and 3G by Cato · · Score: 2

      XP doesn't have support for Bluetooth (raised a bit of press when MS supported 802.11b instead), allegedly due to Bluetooth's immaturity.

    7. Re:Wireless and 3G by richie2000 · · Score: 1
      Immaturity? Yeah, like XP's 'mature'... After the third Service Pack, maybe. Thanks for the info.

      Anyway, I see 802.11b (why can't someone come up with a reasonable name for this?) and Bluetooth as different solutions to different problems in different situations, albeit with a few overlaps in the middle somewhere.

      --
      Money for nothing, pix for free
  3. Smoke signals can be tough to read. by narroost · · Score: 1

    It's so hard to tell what's a 1 or a 0 with smoke signals, thank god for 802.11b!!!

    --
    Got Root!
    1. Re:Smoke signals can be tough to read. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, they only give you lung cancer

  4. And once they have this highspeed access...? by ackthpt · · Score: 1

    Build infrastructure and let 'em go at it, doing whatever they want? The reason I ask is, although this is all planned to be a "good thing", I worry that it could lead to a "not-so-good-thing", i.e. Virtual Indian Casinos (in competition with brick-and stucco casinos, Vegas, etc.)

    --

    A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    1. Re:And once they have this highspeed access...? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh no! Imagine that, native americans having the same corporate advantages as the bilagaana! Vegas has the ability (lawfully, mind you) to have a virtual casino based in Nevada, why is there an issue now with natives having the same thing? Besides, I seriously doubt it will be used in this way... considering the reservations have been starving for 'net connections for some time now. This is something I've been thinking on doing on the Navajo reservation. It's not like natives are any different than you or I... just not given the same type of novelties and technology. If they were, they would surpass the normal tech world in an instant.

      --
      Dan Lund
      dan_lund@hotmail.com
      Who doesn't feel the need to log in.

    2. Re:And once they have this highspeed access...? by ackthpt · · Score: 1

      Not the point, the point is they're being _given_ this access. I have to pay for it, probably you, to, same for Vegas.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
  5. Re:guh by jiheison · · Score: 0

    buh

  6. What is heartening by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What is most heartening about this news is that these reservations are at the point that feeding and educating the children are not determinants of survival anymore. Contrast this initiative with the rampant poverty usually associated with reservations and it is clear that Native Americans are making large strides in improving their lots.

    How cool will it be when this kind of news isn't news anymore?

  7. In six months... by Quizme2000 · · Score: 1

    You'll see banner ads for the new Online Indian Casinos..But really that's quite a task considering some reservations are the size of RI. My question is do the network cards in the computers or devices need to be attached to an external antenna as well? I gained another 1000ft when I attached a standard CB antenna to my access point. I could get Internet access from my apartment across the highway from work. What are some other (cheap) way's to improve distance? Maybe I could get a Seti tower..hmmm

    --
    "Get them before they get....
  8. Cool Stuff by cryptochrome · · Score: 2

    See, now this is cool. Obviously the uses for this developing mode of technology go way beyond the Native American sphere. My favorite thing about it is that it doesn't rely on wires for power OR transmission. A handful of solar-powered relays looks a lot nicer, is a lot cheaper, is much less intrusive, and is much more easily scalable and robust than a bunch of wires strewn everywhere(and thankfully people are finally starting to appreciate that with solar and other distributed power generation).

    --

    ---If you can't trust a nerd, who can you trust?

  9. Security? by dragons_flight · · Score: 2

    If you look at these pages, we are talking about $3000-$5500 worth of relay equipment sitting out in the middle of nowhere. What happens if someone comes along and decide they'd want some of that for themselves?

    Of course no one would ever want to steal from the Indians... Oh, wait, nevermind.

    1. Re:Security? by dhogaza · · Score: 3, Informative

      Well ... there's already a large number of microwave links, beacons, and other expensive electronic gear scattered around the Mojave, Sonoran and Great Basins deserts, guarded by nothing more than a chain link
      fence with razor wire on the top.

      I suppose this stuff gets vandalized from time-to-time. A few rounds from a 30-'06 are more likely than theft, though - check out the road signs
      next time you visit us out in the InterMountain West.

      My point's simple, though - this stuff's no more likely to be ripped off or vandalized than the expensive equipment that already decorates some of
      our mountaintops, and you deal with it the same way. Insure and replace as necessary.

      Lightning's probably a bigger risk, anyway. Mountains out here get slammed consistently (I assume they're locating the relays on mountains).

    2. Re:Security? by eric2hill · · Score: 2

      My point's simple, though - this stuff's no more likely to be ripped off or vandalized than the expensive equipment that already decorates some of
      our mountaintops, and you deal with it the same way. Insure and replace as necessary.


      I'm sure insurance companies would charge a premium because of this, and because of the high premiums, corporate backers would have a much higher bottom line cash outflow, and thus would be less likely to invest. Until the technology can come down into the hundreds of dollars range, I don't see this becoming wide spread.

      4A 55 53 54 20 4D 59 20 24 30 2E 30 32

      --
      LOAD "SIG",8,1
      LOADING...
      READY.
      RUN
  10. Re:declaring war by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the embarresment of selling new york state for 3 trinkets and small pox blanket.

  11. Solar is Great! by wiredog · · Score: 2

    Until you get a three day rainstorm. It is getting better, but it's not there yet.

    1. Re:Solar is Great! by cryptochrome · · Score: 2

      Well, with a large enough battery you could buffer against anything... Or an oversized solar array to compensate for less light... or a replaceable backup power source for emergency use (like a zinc-air battery)... or a multipath network to take up the slack if one relay is shut down for some reason (not the case here)... or whatever. Point being, there are simple solutions around this problem. I think it IS here, but we're only now just starting to realize it and shake the technology down into a truly useful and inexpensive form.

      --

      ---If you can't trust a nerd, who can you trust?

    2. Re:Solar is Great! by Fox+MacLeod · · Score: 1

      Why do you think it's being deployed in San Diego? It hardly ever rains here anymore.

    3. Re:Solar is Great! by imsmith · · Score: 1

      Alt. Energy is great, and solar is just part of the equation. I spent some time working on a trunked radio network (the digital radios that emergency services use) that was 100% non-grid. The power at each site came from a big solar array, a crap-load of batteries, a few wind generators, and two propane generators. This meant that if the site was fogged in, the batteries powered the site for upto 72 hours, and if it was a storm instead of fog, the wind generators fed the system instead of the solar arrays. And when the site was in the middle of a brushfire the generators could run for the whole week while the smoke obscured the sun. The only other time the generators ran when I worked there was for their maintenance cycles - just to keep things from gumming up.

      I wondered about having the propane delivered out in the middle of nowhere, but, as one guy who had been there a long time said, when the EPA made them put in porta-johns, the prospect of getting propane refils delivered was "no worse than getting the shitters cleaned"

    4. Re:Solar is Great! by danjerdanjel · · Score: 1

      I used to run the webpage and some publicity stuff for a Solar Racing Team.. On our 100kg of our Pb Acid batteries (that weren't the most efficient in the race, but were cheapest), we could drive from Sydney to Melbourne with complete cloud cover all the way. I'm assuming the system probably uses something a bit more complex, perhaps Li/Ion batteries, which would allow them to maintain power through conceivable lapses in sunlight. I wouldn't imagine that their power usage would be all that high (as relative to a Solar racing car) anyway. ;)

      --
      - - -
      giftedu ;)
  12. Coming Soon! by JoeShmoe · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Gambling at your favorite online Indian Gaming casino!

    Actually, I'm serious...here in California tribes have already gotten permission to run casinos on their land (although I believe the matter is still going through the courts) so then could the same tribes run their own online gaming?

    Do Indian tribes have to abide by the Hague Convention or the Berne treaty or whatever that copyright protection treaty is?

    Think about it...Indians are desperately seeking self-reliance, which is pretty much impossible given the crappy ass desert land they were given. So what if they built a few wind turbines and ran a data haven? Do you think Disney et. al. could really bully them?

    I would be really intersted in finding out about this. We have been looking for safe havens and if we put Indian reservations on the Internet that sounds like it might fit the bill?

    - JoeShmoe

    --
    -- I wonder which will go down in history as the bigger failure: the War on Drugs or the War on Filesharing
    1. Re:Coming Soon! by Syberghost · · Score: 2

      Do Indian tribes have to abide by the Hague Convention or the Berne treaty or whatever that copyright protection treaty is?


      Depends on the tribe. Each tribe has a treaty with the US, defining (among other things) how US law affects them.

      Some have stupid treaties, and are essentially US territories with little autonomy.

      Others, like the Chickasaws for instance, have treaties that fully preserve their sovereignity, and are essentially another country inside the US, subject to US law only if their tribal legislature votes to be subject to it.

      We have been looking for safe havens and if we put Indian reservations on the Internet that sounds like it might fit the bill?

      Some tribes have thought about this. And some already have ISPs.

      The Chickasaws had one (I know, I built it), but they sold it. However, to the best of my knowledge it still exists on tribal land, and is owned by a Chickasaw, so it is probably still not subject to US law.

    2. Re:Coming Soon! by JumpyMonkey · · Score: 1

      There are less than 3000 Indians on 20 reservations in eastern San Diego County. 8 of these 20 reservations have casinos of varying size - most have slots, blackjack, poker, buffet dining and valet parking.

      One of the casinos biggest is on the Pala, which rolled out the first phase of this wireless project. Pala has a huge advertising budget and attracts tens of thousands of gamblers from all over Southern California. Most (all?) of these casinos are nominally fronted by Indians but are actually built, managed and operated day-by-day by Nevada gaming companies.

      The casinos have been a finincial bonanza to these reservations and, frankly, good for them. However, this story is NOT about poor rural Native Americans with limited prospects being given a leg up with modern technology.

  13. I work for a company that does this... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    We have been planning this for a while and recently rolled it out this year. We have 3 towers for a mid-size city (Springfield Missouri, USA). You can use it anywhere in the city - even in your car. There is a small antenna that hooks up to a special network card.

    Our transmission rates are way above T1 and because there is no cost of leasing lines or anything we can provide it cheap (comparatively).

    We also put up 1 tower in a nearby town. This one tower covers the whole town. We got funding from the county because the county court system sits in that town and needed to be on broadband but couldn't get to it in the traditional ways.

    We just rent space from radio stations on their towers - so the setup is minimal. It really is a great system

    Fried

    1. Re:I work for a company that does this... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are some 300 small ISPs doing this sort of work. The infrastructure costs are low, the range with appropriate antennas is great, the bandwidth good, and in the case of rural america, so far superior to the really crappy copper lines that there is no comparison. Think rural, think distance, think no right of way issues, no poles to put up, and it is the logical and inexpensive way to enfranchise those of us who choose rural.

  14. Wow! by Schaffner · · Score: 2, Funny

    Now you won't need to wire a head for a reservation!

    (Sorry, it's a reference to a very bad old joke. I just couldn't resist the opportunity.)

  15. Broadband First by INicheI · · Score: 0

    It is amazing that the indians are getting broadband the same time that my city is.

  16. Wampum? by pschmied · · Score: 3, Informative
    From one journalist to another, this is probably not a good term to use the way you did.

    I'm not wanting to be a PC thug, but here's the entry in the AP Style Book:

    Indians American Indian is the preferred term for those in the United States. Where possible, be precise and use the name of the tribe: He is a Navajo commissioner. Native American is acceptable in quotations and names of organizations.

    In news stories about American Indians, such words as wampum, warpath, powwow, tepee, brave, squaw, etc., can be disparaging and offensive. Be careful and certain of their usage.


    -Peter

    1. Re:Wampum? by cryptochrome · · Score: 2

      Well, if we really wanted to be accurate and straightforward (i.e. not having to ask whether someone is an American Indian or an East Indian when somebody says "Indian"), "American Aboriginals" or some short variation on that (amerabs?) would make the most sense. But I doubt that would ever catch on, since "Indian" is so firmly entrenched in our vocabulary. We'd sooner stop calling East Indians "Indians" than that.

      --

      ---If you can't trust a nerd, who can you trust?

    2. Re:Wampum? by HerrNewton · · Score: 1

      Preferred usage in Canada is Indeginous People changing, of course, "people" to "person" if used in the singular.

      Russel Means likes the phrase American Indian.. to quote, "Because it means I'm an American first, and then an Indian... we're the only minority that puts the American first"

      --

      ----
      Am I the only one who thinks Microsoft is a misnomer? Perhaps Macrosoft would be a better fit?
  17. Kevin Costner's latest movie... by Old+Wolf · · Score: 1

    ...Dances with Wireless

  18. could this harken an Indian re-emergence? by imsmith · · Score: 1

    Imagine, online casinos create a positive cash flow for Tribal governments, the capital allows for real social change - illiteracy and alcoholism and domestic abuse decline - and every Res in America connected via wireless VPNs to every other Res in America. Best of luck, its a long road.

  19. Safe Havens by imsmith · · Score: 1

    That sounds nice, but come on - right now we are displaying the power to impose our will on truely soverign nations, what defense does a tribal nation have against that force, no matter how well written their treaty is. The likelyhood that safe havens could be established on tribal lands is pretty slim - particularly if there isn't the ability to distinguish between the principled customer who is in violation of the law but practicing civil disobedience, and the criminal who acts with malice to endanger the populous and the government..

    1. Re:Safe Havens by JoeShmoe · · Score: 2

      They are a sympathic cause. Why do you think they have gambling? Because it was called the "Vegas Casinos Make Billions, Why Can't We" Act? No, it was "Indian Self-Reliance". All of the major casino groups lobbied like mad to try to get people to vote against it, but it was tough to make it look like they were victims. The Indian leaders talked about all the jobs, schools, medicine and food it would bring them. Casinos had to try to sidetrack the issue and dwell on the fact that Indians didn't have to pay taxes on their income, wah wah.

      So, if the Indian nations want to try to get self-reliance by forming an electronic economy, lawmakers are going to have a tough time siding with their traditional lobbyists. Who wants to appear to be trouncing on the already impoverished Indian nations to line the pockets of a few select media corporations? I think it would be an interesting way to test the laws, and that's why I would encourage people to investigate this.

      - JoeShmoe

      --
      -- I wonder which will go down in history as the bigger failure: the War on Drugs or the War on Filesharing
  20. loss of cultural diversity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    geez, if you really need wireless that bad, what the hell are you doing living on a reservation? just move to the god-damned city.

    and to people who think running a casino on an 802.11 network is a good idea, think about the new meaning this will give to 'war peddlaz' (scalping, arrows sticking out of your chest, you get the idea)

  21. Why aren't there indians on Star Trek? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...cause they don't work in the future either!

    (the aberration known as 'Voyager' doesn't count. That's how we knew it couldn't really be a part of the real Star Trek universe...the idea! Portraying an indian as having a job...)

  22. Piss on all political correctness! by Robber+Baron · · Score: 2

    In Canada they use the insipid term "first nations" when describing indians. First what...? Bullshit! Prove to me that they were on this planet before anyone else! Besides, I was born in North America. By definition, that makes me a native.

    --

    You're using her as bait, Master!

  23. Re: Selling New York by Robber+Baron · · Score: 2

    the embarresment of selling new york state for 3 trinkets and small pox blanket.

    It was goods worth about $20, and had they been able to invest it in some sort of compound interest generating fund at the time, today they'd be able to buy all of Manhattan, including the buildings. A fair trade, I'd say. Besides, if they'd turned Manhattan into a maximum security prison in 1997 like they were supposed to, it wouldn't be worth very much,would it?

    --

    You're using her as bait, Master!

  24. funny how life works by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    by being responsible and having a good work ethic it is amazing how one can suceed. No, you can't expect to every be rich by most internal American standards of rich (poverty here is still like a royal house in many countries), but you can indeed take charge of your future.

    I wonder if all the reservations are connectec as an 'Indian' network, does this mean that they are segmented from the rest of Earth society? Will they start killing each other like in Africa... killing life long friends with a already bloodied and skull pitted machete simply because he and his tiny infants are of 'another tribe'.

    I don't know about that, but this definitely can let some responsible PEOPLE start the road to freedom.

  25. Ah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Many moons ago, paleface bringum think boxes and firewater. Few moons ago, paleface bringum invisible strings for think boxes. Me outum job, no needum smoke signal when think boxes running at 45 megumbits second. Me openum casino now.

  26. AP Style Book?? by alienmole · · Score: 2
    I'm not sure if you've noticed, but /. doesn't often adhere to the AP Style Book!!

    Here are a couple of sample sentences from today's front page:

    "Having had to play through some real stinkers of games before, I applaud Maxis decision to kill the product, rather then try to release it on an unsuspecting public CT Cry!"

    "The Internet is a peer-to-peer system where one peer can piss in the public pool. These ISPs are doing a good thing by keeping this crap off the net."

    I look forward to your AP Style Book critique of the above!

  27. Rural networking by Animats · · Score: 2

    The great thing about rural networking is that RF spectrum is easily available. You can run megabits for miles without much interference. It definitely beats putting up hundreds of telephone poles per subscriber, which you see in some rural areas.

  28. Re:Native Americans -- an old timer's perspective by alienmole · · Score: 1
    Listen, sonny, my name is Elijah Peckinpah, and I'm 116 years old this year. Born in 1885, I came to South Dakota on a wagon train when I was just a tot. We saw injuns alright. They would stalk the train, nights, we could hear their horses whinnying in the distance, and now and then, we'd see the whites of their eyes gleaming in the inky darkness. Made us powerful nervous, let me tell you.

    It was early one morning, my mammy had just woken me, and the sun was shining into the back of the wagon, when we heard the whooping. I'll never forget that sound as long as I live. They came down on us like God's own vengeance, slashing with their machetes and raining burning arrows on our wagons. The camp was in chaos, half-dressed folk running every which way, guns firing, wagons burning. My mammy grabbed me and in all the chaos, ran free of the camp, and hid in a gully. When she came out, everyone was dead. We holed up in a nearby cave - more like a crack in the rocks - and when the sheriff's posse rode in from the next town, we was rescued.

    'Course, that was a long time ago. Nowadays, I mostly sit around, trolling on /. and writing perl code. When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes still young. When I get bored, I go down to the injun casino near here - I figure one of these days, I'll win big on the slots, and that'll show those redskinned sons of jackals!!

    So don't you be tellin me there ain't no injuns. I seen em, alright, I seen em...