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Searching for Lethal Influenza Strains

1gor writes "Scientists want to exhume the body of the victim of the world's most lethal influenza pandemic between 1918 and 1919 to examine the structure of the virus, reports Bloomberg.com. In an airtight coffin they expect to find well-preserved virus known for its unique ability to kill healthy young people. The strain's attack and mortality rates were highest among people aged between 20 years and 50 years. Are you scared already?"

60 comments

  1. you know. by Unknown+Poltroon · · Score: 4, Funny

    The guys that are working this must crap their pants every time they sneeze.

    --
    All Troll + "offtopic" mods are meta moderated as "Unfair", because you abused the system.
    1. Re:you know. by Dannon · · Score: 2

      Genetic code explorers: Fear their coughs and hacks.

      (Should Pun Moderations be +1 or -1?)

      --
      Good judgment comes from experience.
      Experience comes from bad judgment.
  2. 'A' not 'The' by Henry+V+.009 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Body of 'a' victim I expect. It killed more people than the world war.

    1. Re:'A' not 'The' by tswinzig · · Score: 4, Funny

      Body of 'a' victim I expect. It killed more people than the world war.

      'A' world war, not 'the' world war.

      --

      "And like that ... he's gone."
    2. Re:'A' not 'The' by Henry+V+.009 · · Score: 1

      Unless I had truncated the phrase from "the world war that had just occured." Which is fair usage. Badda bing! My grammar triumphs once again.

    3. Re:'A' not 'The' by damien_kane · · Score: 2

      Unless I had truncated the phrase from "the world war that had just occured." Which is fair usage. Badda bing! My grammar triumphs once again.

      You would get points there had you truncated...

      You ended your statement, however, with a period, thus concluding your idea.
      Ooooh... denied...

    4. Re:'A' not 'The' by jonnyfish · · Score: 1

      If you want to be that nitpicky, then it's "the first part of the world war". If you understand anything at all about the cause of "World War II", then you know that it really isn't a separate war but merely the second phase of the first.

    5. Re:'A' not 'The' by SloWave · · Score: 2

      And the Cold War which just ended was really a continuation of WWII.

    6. Re:'A' not 'The' by tswinzig · · Score: 2

      If you want to be that nitpicky, then it's "the first part of the world war".

      Yeah, and the Civil War was not civil. And the Hundred Years War didn't last 100 years. I could go on.

      Lighten up, it was a grammar joke, not a history joke.

      --

      "And like that ... he's gone."
    7. Re:'A' not 'The' by affenmann · · Score: 2

      > And the Cold War which just ended was really a continuation of WWII.
      And, biological weapons based on the influenca virus may well start a new 'cold'-war.

    8. Re:'A' not 'The' by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In 1918, WWII hadn't started yet. By saying 'the world war,' it seems likely that he's refering to the only world war by that time.

  3. Geeks don't need to worry by DeadSea · · Score: 4, Funny

    Living in my parents basement, never leaving the house, having no human contact, there is no way that I'll ever get the flu. The germ that destroys humanity may already be breeding in my filth, but I've learned to live with it.

    1. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But your parents leave the house, and THEY might get sick and pass it on to you. Remember, you craven Slashdotters, you, too, can get sick.

    2. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by DeadSea · · Score: 2, Funny
      But your parents leave the house, and THEY might get sick and pass it on to you. Remember, you craven Slashdotters, you, too, can get sick.
      You think I go upstairs? The internet comes directly into the basement.
    3. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by Henry+V+.009 · · Score: 3, Funny

      You freak! You need to go outside like me. I mean, I'm posting directly from The Two Towers movie line in Denver with my mobile interenet connection. There was even a girl here dressed up like Galadriel. She left though...

    4. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by tswinzig · · Score: 2

      Living in my parents basement, never leaving the house, having no human contact, there is no way that I'll ever get the flu. The germ that destroys humanity may already be breeding in my filth, but I've learned to live with it.

      This is actually worse than living outside. You're not exposing your body to enough bugs. You're immune system needs to get a workout to keep you healthy.

      Listen to George Carlin's rant on germs. He claims he stayed healthy because he grew up swimming in raw sewage* (the Hudson River, circa 1940's), "you know... to COOL off!"

      Get his CD, "You are all diseased." Track 3. George Carlin "was tempered in raw shit!" That's how he avoided get polio. It's really funny.

      BTW, he doesn't wash his hands after going to the bathroom, "unless he shits on them."

      * Another GC'ism: "Why do they call it raw sewage? Do some people cook the stuff?"

      --

      "And like that ... he's gone."
    5. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well George is just a freaking hero, isn't he?

    6. Re:Geeks don't need to worry by TheLink · · Score: 2

      "Why do they call it raw sewage? Do some people cook the stuff?"

      Do you really want to know?

      Search terms for google: sewage animal feed
      Also: sewage food

      --
  4. Re:Why would I be scared? by crow · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Influenza is a virus. Antibiotics only work against bacteria. Of course, many people with viral infections go to their doctors, and the doctors want to make the patients happy, so the perscribe antibiotics. Sometimes this makes sense, as a viral infection may weaken the immune system to allow a secondary bacterial infection. (I got pneumonia after a nasty flu.)

  5. Re:Why would I be scared? by DeadSea · · Score: 5, Informative
    With today's high-tech antibiotics, I seriously doubt an influenza epidemic could get very far.
    A flu is caused by a virus. An antibiotic would be useless. The CDC says that you can vaccinate against flu, but there is little to do but rest and drink hot liquids once you have it.
  6. influenza doesn't scare me...yet by nocomment · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Scientists scare me sometimes though.

    "looky here let's open up this box where a deadly virus might be trapped floating about and study it"! We'll just hope it doesn't get out.

    Reminds me of,
    "I'm not real sure if this atmoic detonation will rip the atmosphere off the earth in a chain reaction, well here goes....*boom*".
    When you say it like that it almost sounds like a farside cartoon, but it's pretty close to what happened.

    I think if anything scared me, it is the fact that scientists will do anything to figure things out regardless of how potentially dangerous it is.

    The mentality of, "if it can be calculated then it should be" really pisses me off.

    --
    /* oops I accidentally made a comment, sorry */
    /* http://allyourbasearebelongto.us */
    1. Re:influenza doesn't scare me...yet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "I'm not real sure if this atmoic detonation will rip the atmosphere off the earth in a chain reaction, well here goes....*boom*".
      When you say it like that it almost sounds like a farside cartoon, but it's pretty close to what happened.


      No. It's nothing like what happened. There was worry about this at an early stage of the Manhattan Project, true, but by the time the bomb was tested it was certain that this would not occur.

      You really need to spend time evaluating the credibility of what you read.

    2. Re:influenza doesn't scare me...yet by radiashun · · Score: 2

      so are you saying that it's better to ignore this strain than to research it? isn't that security through obscurity? if an influenza strain similar to this eventually pops up i personally think it would be better to have at least some knowledge of the virus.. would you rather have them study it while it's killing everyone?

    3. Re:influenza doesn't scare me...yet by Paradise+Pete · · Score: 1

      How is it you're still able to read slashdot while having your head stuck in the sand?

    4. Re:influenza doesn't scare me...yet by kramer · · Score: 2

      You'd probably find that the virus was signifigantly less virulent in todays population than it was in 1918. Many people alive today are decended from people who either never caught the disease, or caught and recovered from the disease. The people who carried traits that made them most vulnerable to the disease for the most part died -- 20 to 100 million of them.

      The problem with an extremely deadly, extremely virulent disease with high mortality and quick victim demise is that it tends to burn itself out. It uses up all it's best victims and leaves behind a population resistant to it's effects. Even generations later, the disease would find a much harder time gaining a foothold.

    5. Re:influenza doesn't scare me...yet by bananahammock · · Score: 0

      My understanding before the Trinity test in Los Alamos was that there were indeed general concerns that an atomic bomb explosion would in turn set off another chain reaction and take out the whole planet. However all these smart dudes (Fermi, Op et al) did their sums and rightly concluded it wouldn't occur.

  7. Lethality by 4of12 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Reminds me of this readable account of Australian research into more effective mousepox strains.

    Imagine an air-borne influenza with the same kind of engineered ability to agitate and misdirect the human immune system response. It would make the 1918 influenza look tame by comparison.

    --
    "Provided by the management for your protection."
  8. why? by ender's_shadow · · Score: 1

    are they trying to figure out how to kill healthy young people? can someone explain how this will help our understanding of medicine?

    also, a simple cost-benefit analysis should point out that the risk of killing another 20M people isn't worth whatever we get from this.

    1. Re:why? by ceejayoz · · Score: 3, Insightful

      are they trying to figure out how to kill healthy young people? can someone explain how this will help our understanding of medicine?

      Perhaps they're trying to figure out how it killed 20 million healthy young people, so they can prevent it from ever happening again?

    2. Re:why? by PaddyM · · Score: 2

      Or perhaps they're trying to wipe us out and live forever off our stem cells?

    3. Re:why? by rock_climbing_guy · · Score: 1
      I would suggest that they are interested in learning about how to kill healthy young people, as well as how to stop a deadly virus.

      As much as it would suck eggs to die a horrible death at the hands of someone's biological weapons, biological weapons are here to stay.

      Actually, I really hate to imagine what a World War III might be like.

      BTW, if bio-warfare fascinates you, you would probably enjoy the game "Deus Ex."

      --
      Wh47 d1d j00 541, 31337 15n't t3h r0xor5 ne m0r3???
    4. Re:why? by ender's_shadow · · Score: 1

      i tried looking at the DX website, but clicking on the buttons (PS/PC) didn't do anything. Although the DX2 info made it look pretty cool.

      And WWIII will definitely suck eggs (or mustard, or chlorine, or worse, or ... )

  9. Thought this had been done already? by Hubert_Shrump · · Score: 3, Informative

    This states that there's already a sample out there that is currently being sequenced... Though the evidence off the page above is 404...

    This is the fearful graph you're looking for.

    --
    Keep your packets off my GNU/Girlfriend!
    1. Re:Thought this had been done already? by Old+Uncle+Bill · · Score: 1

      Anyone that lived through that would be having a fit if they found out about this. Why the fsck do we need to dig up armageddon?

      --
      Yes, I am an agent of Satan, but my duties are largely ceremonial.
    2. Re:Thought this had been done already? by gene_tailor · · Score: 2, Informative
      Yes, you are right that samples that are believed to be from this influenza outbreak are already being studied. Samples have been isolated from fixed and frozen samples. Here is one example from Science 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1793-6:

      Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus.

      Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Krafft AE, Bijwaard KE, Fanning TG.

      The "Spanish" influenza pandemic killed at least 20 million people in 1918-1919, making it the worst infectious pandemic in history. Understanding the origins of the 1918 virus and the basis for its exceptional virulence may aid in the prediction of future influenza pandemics. RNA from a victim of the 1918 pandemic was isolated from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, lung tissue sample. Nine fragments of viral RNA were sequenced from the coding regions of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and matrix protein 2. The sequences are consistent with a novel H1N1 influenza A virus that belongs to the subgroup of strains that infect humans and swine, not the avian subgroup.


      A recombinant strain has also been created (under level 3 biosafety conditions) bearing the 1918 HA, NA, or M segments, and interestingly these strains were blocked in mice by currently available antiviral agents (reference =Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13849-54).

      --
      It also occurs to me that if one was drowning, yelling "Help! I'm drowning and I lost my bikini top" would probably be m
  10. Be afraid... by Simon+Field · · Score: 5, Insightful


    Clearly the reason we study things like this is because we fear them.

    We want to prevent another outbreak. We want to study why it was so lethal, so we can cure it and similar epidemics.

    We also fear that someone else will resurrect this bug and spread it around.

    But those who fear that the U.S. is studying it in order to make biological weapons will also figure out that a biological weapon like this will not be useful without the ability to innocculate your own population against it.

    When large democracies study diseases, even with the worst motives, it scares me less than if we found that suicidal cults or fanatics were studying them. Even if the government is studying it for all the wrong reasons, we end up better able to defend against it.

    There will be more pandemics. They may be man-made, but more likely they will be natural.
    And the only way we will be prepared for them is to study them.

    1. Re:Be afraid... by hackus · · Score: 2

      or....perhaps

      we want to study them to make our BioWeapons EVEN BETTER...

      -Hack

      --
      Got Geometrodynamics? Awe, too hard to figure out? Too bad.
  11. In Soviet Russia... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Funny

    ...lethal influenza strains search for you!

    C'mon, you know someone was going to have to say it...

    1. Re:In Soviet Russia... by Morgoth_Bauglir · · Score: 1

      Does anyone know the origin of the recent Yakov Smirnof outbreak?

    2. Re:In Soviet Russia... by adb · · Score: 2

      Yes, they dug up his corpse in hopes of finding a vaccine for inane humor. Let that be a lesson to us all.

  12. Re: Greeks don't need to worry ?? by caesar79 · · Score: 1

    I read that as "Greeks dont need to worry" and spent quite a few minutes re-reading and trying to grasp the joke!!!

  13. little known by Catskul · · Score: 3, Informative

    While it is true that common antibiotics do not work on viruses, it is not true that all antibiotics only work on bacteria. There do exist some viral antibiotics (even for colds), but they are not the ones perscribed at your family doctor, and most of them are a recent development, and not very effective. (also some antibiotics work on fungi)

    searching the following documents for "viral antibiotic" or simply "antibiotic" should give you the relevant information:
    http://www.happybody.com/happybodycom/articlecold. htm
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onelife/health/sex/sti .shtml
    http://www.explorers.org/newsfiles/archivefiles/sp anishflu.htm

    Intrestingly enough, this last link is even related to the 1918 flu epidemic. It is about a project to exhume people who died of the spanish flu to study the virus, so apparently this is not the first time it has happened.

    --

    Im not here now... Im out KILLING pepperoni
    1. Re:little known by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This your point is a small pendatic one, I'll do one on you. The term is antiviral antibiotics. Two of the pages you post write it "anti viral antibiotics", so that's how your search hit them.

    2. Re:little known by jerde · · Score: 2

      The terms "viral antibiotic" or "antiviral antibiotic" are silly. If the drug is designed to kill bacteria, it is an antibiotic. If it's designed to be active against viruses, it's "antiviral".

      Some antibiotics might also be active against some viruses, and some antivirals might be active against some bacteria... but I doubt any would be used for both.

      Well, then of course you've got a class of substances that definitely kill both. Bleach, for example. :)

      (Same with fungi -- there are antifungal agents designed just for fungi. We don't call those fungal antibiotics.)

      - Peter

      --
      INsigNIFICANT
  14. incredibly arrogant by zogger · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    --this is not only incredibly arrogant, but they are so blatantly relying on the naievete of a lot of people. Like we aren't gonna have various militaries weaponizing this stuff? C'mon! EVERY single tiny bit of high technology research is ALSO used by militaries when they get their hands on it, ALL of it. Anyone can go google for themselves, bioweapons are "alive and well" and still being researched and developed all over the world, despite the public "no we aren't" treaties.

    These "scientists" are monsters, I don't care how "innocent" they appear. They KNOW my above statements are *true*, and they do it anyway. No different from the high tech globalist goons helping -say, for just one more example- china build their great firewall of censorship, they know it's just slap wrong, but do it any way for mere money. No different from any cheap mercenary, that's it.

    "oh, but they are gonna study it and come up with the cure" and whine, excuse, etc. uh huh, yep, sure they are...

    1. Re:incredibly arrogant by eht · · Score: 1

      well they sure as heck ain't gonna come up with a cure from not studying it

    2. Re:incredibly arrogant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      They don't need a cure if they don't dig it up!

      Not that this is about cures anyway, it's about prevention. You don't cure the flu, you prevent it's spread, by say, not digging up dead bodies.

    3. Re:incredibly arrogant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is there a vaccine against trolls?

  15. oh great... by gabe · · Score: 1

    So now Randall Flagg's out wandering around in Nevada somewhere... It's only a matter of time until 90% of the population is dead and the rest are fighting for god.

    Bring on the walkin' dude...

    --
    Gabriel Ricard
    1. Re:oh great... by evacuate_the_bull · · Score: 2

      in The Stand the communicability was more like 99.4% (pg. 30).

      that would leave about 1.5 million people in the US (assuming our population is 280 mil). seemed like there were fewer in the book/movie, but that is a technicality.

      --
      Satanists get good grades too...suspiciously good grades
    2. Re:oh great... by gabe · · Score: 1

      yeah, i was just generalizing. it's mentioned in the book (i've only read the unabridged & uncut version, so i don't know if it's mentioned in the shorter version) that most of the people were basically in hiding, and i dont blame them. a good portion of the people died accidental deaths even after the plague had struck: a man jogging died of a heart attack, a lady died after a gun blew up in her hand while she was attempting to fend off some random guy, etc.

      Glen Bateman's character mentions at some point that the people will slowly start pooling together and at some point society will rebuild itself. The first comers, the ones we see in the movie, number only in the thousands or so until after vegas is "removed." when stu returns, the entire elected committee is replaced with new people. he and fran leave to live in maine shortly after because they just dont want to be involved in a large society.

      regardless, here's to hoping something like that never happens for real. :)

      --
      Gabriel Ricard
  16. Fuck the graph. by Inoshiro · · Score: 2

    Did you look at that US map of how long it took to spread?

    Week 1: it's in only places that have international contact (NYC mainly).
    Week 2: all major cities and surrounding regions have it.
    Week 3: all minor cities have it (since people have travelled to/from major centres).
    Week 4: everywhere has it!

    Exponential growth reminiscent of the super flu from Stephen King's The Stand! I'm sure Washington State wouldn't be a week 3 infection this time around, either. Heck, with travel being more popular here, I doubt it'd take 2 weeks for the polination of pretty much everyone with a killer virus that is airborne to take its toll.

    Of course, you have to wonder how long it would last. Would it be safe for people to destroy all the bodies in an incinerator? What about all the technology that we have now that'd fail in catastrophic ways with no one to monitor it? This is some seriously scary stuff.

    --
    --
    Internet Explorer (n): Another bug -- that is, a feature that can't be turned off -- in Windows.
  17. Obligatory Simpsons Quote by evacuate_the_bull · · Score: 2

    The strain's attack and mortality rates were highest among people aged between 20 years and 50 years. Are you scared already?"

    Homer: Eh, not the end of the world.
    Marge: No, it's the Apocalypse! Bart, are you wearing clean underwear?
    Bart: Not any more.

    Seriously though, if you want an article that will make you soil yourself silly, read the Demon in the Freezer. It's a long read, but definitely worthwhile. And scary as hell...

    --
    Satanists get good grades too...suspiciously good grades
  18. Original sighting? by Doctor+Hu · · Score: 1

    The Bloomberg story mentioned in the article quotes Agence France-Presse as citing an article in New Scientist. Searching on 'influenza' at the magazine's web site doesn't find any reference to this topic. Can anyone who subscribes to the dead-tree edition elucidate?

  19. Are you scared? by rlowe69 · · Score: 3, Funny

    The strain's attack and mortality rates were highest among people aged between 20 years and 50 years. Are you scared already?

    Actually no, I'm 51.

    --
    ----- rL
  20. spelling by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Here's a small pedantic point for you. Its pedantic not pendatic.

  21. The Spanish Lady by Guppy · · Score: 3, Informative

    I had a little bird,
    her name was Enza.
    I opened the door,
    and In-flew-Enza.

    When the 1918 flu first broke out, it occurred during what was quite possibily the worst possible conditions for a it to occur. WWI was on, so large numbers of young people were being shipped all over the globe. At the same time, in many counteries the press was hobbled by wartime censorship, thus delaying the medical community's recognition of the pandemic's existence. The nickname of that the Flu was given, "The Spanish Lady" actually came about from Spain's status as a neutral nation during this time -- the press was able to speak freely, and so its existance was revealed there first.

    The 1918 flu virus had a couple of interesting features. As the Bloomberg article mentions, it has an unusual ability to kill young adults. Basically, your typical influenza virus (and many diseases in general) have a U-shaped mortality curve -- highest among children and the elderly. However, this particular outbreak had a W-shaped curve, with a sudden spike right in the middle.

    The reason for this mortality spike has long been a matter for conjecture. One feature of this particular flu outbreak was that it often killed suddenly, sometimes without warning, with victims also frequently showing presence of hemorrhage and edema in the lungs. This was so unusual that some have wondered if it was influenza at all -- after all, back then a virus was a mysterious "filterable agent", invisible to the most powerful optical microscopes. However, we do know from more modern research that a particularly large proportions of people who lived through that period have antibodies against a particular influenza type.

    A theory is that the high lethality was not due just to the virus itself, but to an immune over-reaction (which would be strongest in young adults) which damaged the lungs. Other theories have suggested that perhaps the influenza outbreak was actually a co-epidemic, with some other agent also present -- another virus, a bacterium, even lungworms have been proposed. While it is likely that weakened victims often picked up secondary infections, evidence for an actual binary epidemic is weak.

    Could the epidemic occur again if the strain were resurrected, or perhaps spontaneously put back together by the mutational drifts and re-arrangements that Influenza constantly is undergoing? Indeed, one of the questions is why hasn't it survived into the present? Some have suggested that perhaps the impact was large enough that humanity has been selected for greater resistance. Or perhaps features of the disease have since been incorporated into the various strains which still smolder today, producing a herd resistance which would be enough to prevent a major pandemic. Or maybe we've just been lucky, and it went extinct all by itself.

    Either way, I think that even if it suddenly popped up, with all it's virulence intact, we're in much better shape today. We have a network that tracks the ebb and flow of flu epidemics every year, we have a spread of well-characterized vaccines (plus a new nasal spray vaccine coming soon), plus four different FDA-approved anti-virals for influenza. Even if it turned out to be something radically different -- and the historical antibody profiles previously mentioned suggest it's not.
  22. not too scary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    Scientists want to exhume the body of the victim of the world's most lethal influenza pandemic

    One victim? Can't be that bad...

    why do the editors change story titles but can't fix crappy wording like this? One million /. users hit a mental pothole trying to understand this. 1000000 ppl waste 1sec rereading the line, how many man-days were lost?