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Leaked White Paper Condemns NASA Life Sciences

WayneConrad writes "SpaceRef has a summary of a leaked Johnson Space Center white paper (pdf) that severely criticizes NASA's Life Science program. According to the paper, science is being done without proper controls, with too-small sample groups, and is often not relevant to the ISS's stated bioscience mission (to develop countermeasures against the deleterious effects of microgravity). The paper states,'NASA's founding fathers would turn in their proverbial graves at the sight of such a convoluted organization' and 'Voodoo science is not worth the cost. The limb of the fault tree Life Sciences is perched upon is perilously close to breaking.'"

31 comments

  1. Effects of microgravity by FannyMinstrel · · Score: 1

    Now really, the only real way to combat muscle atrophy in space is to exercise, or to create a stable artificial gravity, which allows the muscles to be exercised. What do they need to research?

    Oh, and another straw on the camels back?

    1. Re:Effects of microgravity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Now, really, the problems in space aren't simply muscle atrophy. With no gravity pulling blood downward like your body is used to, your arms and legs end up with significant nutrient and mineral deficiencies. The blood concentration/pressure is too low in your extremities without gravity.

    2. Re:Effects of microgravity by WayneConrad · · Score: 5, Informative

      What do they need to research?

      The effects of microgravity include:

      • Increased heart rate, narrowed pulse pressure, reduced plasma volume, decreased heart chamber volume and facial edema
      • Loss of bone mass
      • Decreased muscle strength and endurance, muscle atrophy, and delayed muscle repair
      • Loss of red blood cell mass, loss of hemoglobin mass, and loss of plasma volume
      • Transient reduction in white blood cells
      • Behavioral and psychological problems (it's not easy living in a can).
      • Motion sickness

      These will all need to be solved for any long missions like a trip to Mars using chemical propulsion; that's what I thought the stated goal of ISS Life Sciences is.

      (More info here)

    3. Re:Effects of microgravity by Bloodmoon1 · · Score: 1

      Maybe a stupid question, maybe not. Say we ultimatly just give the colony ship idea a try (LONG way off probably, but still), what would the effects of micro-gravity be if humans existed in it for several generations? Just a thought.

      --

      Request: ECM unit, 1000 km fullerene cable, 1 tactical nuclear weapon. Reason: Birthday party for foreign dignitary.
    4. Re:Effects of microgravity by penguin7of9 · · Score: 1

      There is an easy solution to that: don't send humans into space for the time being. Eventually, we can build spacecraft that are large enough to generate "artificial gravity" by rotation. Until then, robots and teleoperators are far cheaper and more effective for space exploration and scientific missions into space.

    5. Re:Effects of microgravity by confused+one · · Score: 1

      And it will have to be solved using an artifical gravity... (think spinning cylinder) It's pretty much the only way they'll be able to make the trip, land, then be able to walk, without assistance, on the surface immediately afterwards.

    6. Re:Effects of microgravity by jafuser · · Score: 1

      I've always wondered. If you're inside a cylinder in space, which is rotating to simulate gravity, wouldn't you lose that effect as soon as you jumped off the surface (in opposite direction to rotation)?

      --
      Please consider making an automatic monthly recurring donation to the EFF
    7. Re:Effects of microgravity by JoeSilva · · Score: 1

      Seems to me NASA should be persuing the genetic basis of microgravity effects, in the hopes of combating it at the molecular level. They could compare gene expression at 1G and (nearly) 0G...

    8. Re:Effects of microgravity by amRadioHed · · Score: 1

      Of course, just as you lose the effects of gravity when you jump on earth too. Stay on the surface like everyone else and you won't have a problem.

      --
      We hope your rules and wisdom choke you / Now we are one in everlasting peace
  2. Proactive flames by Gogo+Dodo · · Score: 0

    Let's get the flames out of the way quickly:

    1. NASA sucks! They spend billions for nothing.
    2. ISS sucks! It's just a space hotel for the Russians.
    3. The Shuttle sucks! Rockets are are cheaper. My PC has more computing power.
    4. Armadillo all the way 'cuz Carmack is cool and he's OSS!
    5. Rutan will kick everybody's butt.
    6. The Chinese and Indians are going to rule space!

  3. Re:o/t by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    meta-moderate more often

  4. Is the author under management pressure? by WayneConrad · · Score: 1

    Here's something I wanted to bring up but didn't put in the original article (it's too editorial). Check out the email that SpaceRef received from the paper's author (in color on page 1). Here's an excerpt:

    The opinions expressed in the leaked copy were solely that of the author prior to editing and feedback. Based on the feedback received in the intervening period since the first draft, several of the major concerns were addressed in subsequent drafts and others are in the process of being addressed. The author regrets the inadvertent leak of this document and disassociates himself from any interpretations related to this draft. The goal of this work was to take the devil's advocate position so crucial to the program following the STS-107 accident in order to improve life science research as a whole.

    Perhaps the paper really is a "devil's advocate" position, purposefully exaggerating its arguments to elicit thought. But I have to wonder. I've worked at many places where management's desire to shape reality causes them to pressure authors to "reconsider," "take the broad view," "think of the big picture," or otherwise water down their statements. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board found plenty of evidence of management's desire to ignore reality; it's not a stretch to imagine the email being a direct result of management pressure upon the author (and perhaps a bit of a "I am so very doomed" feeling when he learned that his paper was on the web).

  5. Re:o/t by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    where to do so? the faq says it's on the main page, but I've never seen it, could you please tell me where?

  6. Scientific Article? by neglige · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Well, if I had to peer review the white paper, it sure wouldn't score high on the scientific and language scale...

    Figures 10 and 11 speak volumes to the point. These charts read more like a plan for the invasion on Normandy [...] (p. 23)

    Honestly, the paper reads more like a rant than a suggestion on how to improve the processes. I'm not sure if the "paper" was intended to be scientific (if so, it failed) - I'm not even sure what the intention of the paper really is. Maybe venting some steam.

    If he wanted things to get better, ticking off the people in charge with an agressive tone won't get him anywhere. Perhaps a friendly tone would have been as ineffective, but people would be more willing to listen.

    --
    My cats ate my karma. They also wrote this comment.
  7. No, the solution is to break out of the box by Tau+Zero · · Score: 2, Informative
    There is an easy solution to that: don't send humans into space for the time being.
    I would revise that to, "Do not send humans into space to stay on the ISS". This amounts to the same thing in the short term, because replacing the ISS with a station which has artificial gravity will take time.
    Eventually, we can build spacecraft that are large enough to generate "artificial gravity" by rotation.
    "Eventually"? If I'm not mistaken, a Gemini capsule performed a rendezvous with an Agena rocket, pulled a tether out from it and spun the pair up to provide artificial gravity. This was something like FORTY YEARS AGO.

    The Livermore "community space suit" station was designed as an alterative to this (more usable volume AND artificial gravity), and it would have launched in ONE shot of a Titan. Rather than adopt it as a way to get the job done cheaper, the various functionaries on the gravy train quashed it rather than spoil the tens of years and billions of dollars of contracts for the non-gravity-capable ISS. This speaks volumes.

    Until then, robots and teleoperators are far cheaper and more effective for space exploration and scientific missions into space.
    They're usually far cheaper... for the things they can do. But when you compare even the most sophisticated surface rovers with the capabilities of a human with a rock hammer, it's obvious that really serious investigations are going to require people on the scene. It's the avowed goal of these "life sciences" investigations to get us there, and we should insist that the boondoggles and pork-barrelling be put behind that rather than ahead.
    --
    Time is Nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once... the bitch.
    1. Re:No, the solution is to break out of the box by penguin7of9 · · Score: 1

      The Livermore "community space suit" station was designed as an alterative to this (more usable volume AND artificial gravity), and it would have launched in ONE shot of a Titan.

      Well, that's nice, but it hasn't happened yet. Until people actually demonstrate cheap technologies for lifting people into orbit and keeping them there, we have to go by current prices, and they are hugely expensive. I'm sure that if costs for such projects come down to something that's comparable to unmanned launches and the benefits become obvious, they will be carried out, if not by the US then by Europe, India, Japan, China, or the Russians.

      Actually, manned space (planetary) exploration would be a whole lot cheaper if it was all planned as one-way trips. But that's something the American public just can't stomach, although I suspect you probably could get the volunteers.

      But when you compare even the most sophisticated surface rovers with the capabilities of a human with a rock hammer, it's obvious that really serious investigations are going to require people on the scene.

      No, that's far from obvious to me. Surface rovers don't have to be fully automated--they can be remotely controlled from earth on missions that take many years. It doesn't matter if they can go only a few feet per day or work at a snail's pace.

  8. Bad Science? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    According to the paper, science is being done without proper controls, with too-small sample groups, and is often not relevant ...

    You call it "fudging the data". I call it "experimental error".

  9. What a waste by Stachel · · Score: 1

    So, more taxpayer's money is being wasted on projects with a debatable purpose and bad management.

    If all the effort and money that's now being poured into the spacerace and technology push were to be invested in getting our act to getter on this earth, the quality of life of millions could be improved.

    We just might not have to move to Mars if we'd spend more on sustainable development of energy sources, environmental issues, etc.

    Call me naieve.

    --Stachel

    --
    Stachel
    1. Re:What a waste by gurps_npc · · Score: 1
      Another foolish waste theory. What spacerace? Who do you think we are "racing" against?

      Every single dollar spent on Space research has returned approximately three times the return on non-space research has done.

      Do you watch Cable TV?, Do you have a GPS device? Ever ride in a boat/plane?

      40 years ago luddite idiots like you objected to the space race when we actually HAD a space race, and now they use products that DEPEND on the results of the space research every day,

      People that object to spending money on "space research" have ZERO knowledge of history.

      --
      excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    2. Re:What a waste by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Spinoffs are grossly exaggerated, and the clear ones are mostly the result of focused development on unmanned satellites (not really spinoffs at all, in other words.)

    3. Re:What a waste by ZerroDefex · · Score: 1

      There will not be much quality of life on Earth when the population gets above 10 billion and we can no longer afford to spend the resources or have the space to build the ships to take people to other planets.

    4. Re:What a waste by King_TJ · · Score: 1

      No, it's only a "waste" when it's poorly managed and implemented. That's the real issue right now. Just recently, I read where NASA broke a brand new, expensive satellite, because somebody neglected to follow the proper procedures to secure it to the transport platform. They tried to move it, and it fell off, onto the floor!

      These types of mistakes just shouldn't be happening, and they're costing all of us in taxpayer dollars.

      That doesn't mean the space program itself is a bad idea. I just think we might be reaching a point where the private sector will be able to do a better job than government-owned and funded NASA. Traditionally, that was unthinkable because of the enormous costs involved, and the lack of motivation for a private business to undertake such a project. Nowdays, I could easily see where large companies (like Boeing?) might want to enter the market of putting satellites in orbit, launching shuttles for experiments and repair missions, etc. A little competition never hurt anyone.....

  10. title? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    am i the only one that read "leaked, white, paper condoms?"...

  11. That's the box you've got to break out of! by Tau+Zero · · Score: 1
    Until people actually demonstrate cheap technologies for lifting people into orbit and keeping them there, we have to go by current prices, and they are hugely expensive.
    Q: Who has the most to lose from the demonstration of cheap technologies for launching people and letting them work in space?

    A: The people now collecting billions from the expensive contracts to build and maintain the current systems.

    Unless we do something to upset the apple cart, we will be stuck with a couple people in orbit doing nothing and going nowhere. I do not find this an acceptable state of affairs. The people now running the show are some of the biggest obstacles to progress, and they have to be shoved out of the way.

    --
    Time is Nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once... the bitch.
    1. Re:That's the box you've got to break out of! by penguin7of9 · · Score: 1

      Unless we do something to upset the apple cart, we will be stuck with a couple people in orbit doing nothing and going nowhere. I do not find this an acceptable state of affairs. The people now running the show are some of the biggest obstacles to progress, and they have to be shoved out of the way.

      Don't worry--when the costs have come down enough, China, India, Europe, Japan, and other nations will do that, no matter how cushy the relationship between the US government and large US aerospace contractors may be. In fact, China already has begun. Isn't international competition great?

  12. Better results with monkeys by Animats · · Score: 1

    If this was really NASA's goal, they'd get better results by putting a research colony of monkeys in orbit.

  13. Okay, Polyanna, ever read history? by Tau+Zero · · Score: 1
    Don't worry--when the costs have come down enough, China, India, Europe, Japan, and other nations will do that, no matter how cushy the relationship between the US government and large US aerospace contractors may be.
    Europe won't do it. Europe's creative drive is spent, gone, kaput. Japan can't even find a launch site that lets them get birds into orbit on schedule, and is experiencing an inverted population pyramid with all the lack of dynamism that implies. So's Europe, for that matter.

    The USA is the country that ought to have been out there years, nay, decades ago, and it worries me that we may have changed places with China in the flow of history. Once China was rich and powerful, and sent trading and exploration fleets as far as the Horn of Africa. But court politics caused the downfall of the advocates of expansion, and the fleets were recalled and destroyed, the records burned. Just a few years later Europe's explorers hit the areas from which the Chinese had withdrawn. The rest is, as they say, history. Without the short-sightedness of the Confucian overlords, huge tracts of the world might never have been exposed to Enlightenment thought and the United States might not exist.

    Now the Chinese have gone into orbit, and the attitude of America is yawn, been there, done that. There is no call to pick up the job left unfinished, to refuse to cede the high ground to the forces inimical to progress. And if you think China's government is friendly to human rights, freedom of thought or anything that threatens their grip, take a look around once in a while; google for "Free Tibet".

    It doesn't worry me that they'll go. It worries me that they'll use it as a way to expand the prestige of their dictatorship and extend their illegitimate powers. That would be good for nobody except the dictators.

    And all because our the political establishment saw space more as pork barrel to be exploited than an essential strategy, and public was too apathetic or cynical to demand more from them. Doesn't that just suck?

    --
    Time is Nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once... the bitch.
    1. Re:Okay, Polyanna, ever read history? by penguin7of9 · · Score: 1

      Europe won't do it. Europe's creative drive is spent, gone, kaput. Japan can't even find a launch site that lets them get birds into orbit on schedule, and is experiencing an inverted population pyramid with all the lack of dynamism that implies. So's Europe, for that matter.

      Well, at least China, India, Japan, and Europe haven't abandoned education, science, or engineering. The US educational system is in shambles and if the US didn't import a large fraction of its scientists and engineers, it wouldn't have much of a technology industry. In fact, without the influx of WWII refugees, the US would probably never have become a scientific or technological powerhouse.

      I'd put my money on those other nations, rather than the US, to drive science and technology forward in the future.

      It doesn't worry me that they'll go. It worries me that they'll use it as a way to expand the prestige of their dictatorship and extend their illegitimate powers. That would be good for nobody except the dictators.

      What, pray tell, is "illegitimate" about the Chinese government? You may not like them and I may not like them, but that doesn't make them illegitimate. And while they aren't a democracy, they certainly aren't a dictatorship either.