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Early Blindness Sharpens Sense of Sound

squidfrog writes "Canadian researchers (articles here, here, and here) have released findings that 'compare the hearing perception of people who lost their sight by age 2, individuals who went blind between the ages 5 and 45, and people with normal vision. The test involved listening to a series of two tones. For each set of tones, subjects had to determine whether the pitch was rising or falling.' 'It has long been known that blind people are far better than their sighted counterparts at orientating themselves by sound... this latest research has found that blind people are also up to 10 times better at discerning pitch changes than the sighted, but only when they went blind before the age of two.'"

46 comments

  1. the blind.... by karnal · · Score: 1, Funny

    I'll also bet that people who are blind aren't likely to attempt to light firecrackers at an early age (12) and have one go off near their left ear, causing tinnitus at that early of an age. They may also not be so inclined to attempt to play live music at such volumes to destroy their ears.

    Of course, my right ear still has no ringing in it (age 29 now), but if I concentrate, I can tell my left ear still rings. There are days I wish I hadn't lit that firecracker... but you only live once!

    --
    Karnal
    1. Re:the blind.... by robochan · · Score: 2, Interesting

      How the post got marked redudnant is a mystery ;)
      However, have you ever tried white-noise therapy? It does give some sense of 'relief' to the constant ringing sound. Whenever I go to a live show that's especially loud, on the way back, I set the car radio between stations (the static is pretty close to white noise) and it 'counter-acts' the ringing a bit - so much so that it allows those in the car to have a conversation without having to yell. Ocean wave sounds have a simliar effect.

      --
      ...Rob
      The American Dream isn't an SUV and a house in the suburbs; it's Don't Tread On Me.
  2. Let's mention by crmartin · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Ray Charles and Stevie Wonder, because someone has to.

    Really, it's great to have a study that confirms the mechanism, but given the number of brilliant blind musicians, it's no surprise.

    1. Re:Let's mention by bcattwoo · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Really, it's great to have a study that confirms the mechanism, but given the number of brilliant blind musicians, it's no surprise.

      I think that there would be some question as to whether it was an increased sense of hearing that made them great musicians or did their lack of sight motivate them to excel in the art of one of their remaining senses?

    2. Re:Let's mention by robochan · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Also, I wonder if this has anything to do with the human ability for learning language. Music is considered a language by many people, and a lot of studies show that languages are best learned when the subject is as young as possible. The (supposed?) increase in other senses' abilities when one is lost might also be a factor. By no means do I have scientiffic correlation for this, of course, but there might be something to it.

      --
      ...Rob
      The American Dream isn't an SUV and a house in the suburbs; it's Don't Tread On Me.
    3. Re:Let's mention by SnoBall · · Score: 0
      Originally posted by crmartin:
      "Ray Charles and Stevie Wonder, because someone has to."


      Ray Charles is dead, you insensitive clod. :-P
      --
      Don't eat me ... *looks at nickname* ... okay, eat me.
    4. Re:Let's mention by chimpo13 · · Score: 1

      No, I'm pretty sure Sid Vicious could see.

    5. Re:Let's mention by crmartin · · Score: 1

      Stevie Wonder isn't?

    6. Re:Let's mention by Viadd · · Score: 1

      Ray Charles (R.I.P.) went blind at the age of seven. This research only finds a result for people who went blind before the age of 2.

      The guy merely had more talent in his little finger than most of today's most popular musicians have in their whole bank of voice sequencers and chorus machines. How boring.

    7. Re:Let's mention by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Er... no?

      He campaigns too much for human rights and is too vociferously opposed to Fuehrer Bush to get media attention right now, though.

    8. Re:Let's mention by crmartin · · Score: 1

      Well, Ray Charles was completely blind by 7, but it took some years of increasing blindess to get there.

      But it's not like anyone is claiming that blindness the the only reason Ray -- or Little Stevie Wonder -- was talented.

    9. Re:Let's mention by mooncaine · · Score: 1

      Also, the researchers say their findings indicate the age of two as the cutoff age, so to speak, but hey, it's only research. It's still quite possible that Ray Charles, or any other single human, could have developed similarly to the children studied by these researchers, even at a later age. Just because some researchers didn't find such a result in this study doesn't prove, or even suggest, that it's an impossible result.

  3. I have a similar story by DrSkwid · · Score: 2, Funny


    I was born premature and have impaired hearing.

    My body compensated and now I have an elevated sense of self importance.

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
    1. Re:I have a similar story by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Funniest comment I've seen here in months.. props to you!

  4. Not just early blindness by baywulf · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I once saw a show on Discovery channel (I think it was National Geographic) where experiments were done of braille reading skills. A blind-folded person would asked to read some braille characters using their fingers while measuring activity in different parts of their brain. The part related to visual processing was "quiet" since they were blind-folded.

    Then after many days remaining blindfolded, they were asked again to do some braille reading. The accuracy would improve and amazingly enough the part of the brain related to visual processing would show activity showing it was taking on some new tasks. After this the blindfolds were taken off and after a few hours of rest, the braille reading accuracy dropped and brain activity went back to normal.

    1. Re:Not just early blindness by kwoff · · Score: 1

      I have also read that the "brain scans" of blind people when reading braille light up in the supposedly visual part of the brain. Although parts of the brain can be used for things which there weren't "supposed" to be used for, it's likely that what's happening is that the finger nerves rather than the ear nerves are connected to the visual part of the brain. However, that suggests neither that the person is "seeing" braille nor that the part of the brain that got taken over was really rewired (it might just be that that part of the brain has basically a certain mechanism that will run basically the same whether you input finger nerve pulses or ear nerve pulses; but maybe the "resolution" will be worse, or something like that).

  5. They are wrong! by seanmceligot · · Score: 0

    I'm pretty sure that using your hearing sharpens your sense off sound -- not blindness.

    The disctinction is important if you're interesting in improving hearing.
    Don't poke your eye's out -- Practice.

    I'll bet that children who learn to play music at an early age also have a better sense of sound.

    1. Re:They are wrong! by Elwood+P+Dowd · · Score: 4, Interesting

      If you never use your eyes, your occipital lobe ("visual cortex") is never dedicated to processing vision, and is instead used for other tasks.

      Otherwise, your occipital lobe is almost exclusively used for processing visual information. Losing your eyesight later in life won't change that. Music practice certainly won't change that.

      Some congenitally blind subjects can develop a "face sense" that allows them to hear and process the sound of their own movements echoing off nearby objects, and thus detect their presence and general location. Music practice certainly won't change that either.

      --

      There are no trails. There are no trees out here.
    2. Re:They are wrong! by boarder · · Score: 1

      Wow, not only did you not RTFA, you didn't RTFBlurb. They said that going blind helps your hearing ONLY if you go blind before the age of 2.


      "Only the blind subjects who had become blind before the age of two had a clearly superior performance. Late blind subjects, people who became blind after the age of five, were no different from the control subjects."


      They attribute it to brain plasticity in infants. Yes, late blind people and musicians do have better hearing, but that is more from learning than anything else (Practice, like you said). This story is talking about actual physiological differences.

      --
      IANAL, but I play one on /.
    3. Re:They are wrong! by DynaSoar · · Score: 1

      "They attribute it to brain plasticity in infants. Yes, late blind people and musicians do have better hearing, but that is more from learning than anything else (Practice, like you said). This story is talking about actual physiological differences."

      Infants and young children have more brain plasticity, but everybody has it to some degree. I've seen an 8 year old have a left hemispherectomy after a Wada test showed he language centers were on the left side, and she learned to speak with only a right hemisphere. I've seen a 30-some year old man who'd had his lower arm amputated, and the sensations of his hand mapped to an area on his face AND an area on his upper chest (for no apparent reason) with an accuracy that let his doctor map what positions on his face and chest caused sensations in a particular (missing) finger. In both cases the changes occured in less than 2 weeks, and occured in the absence of any training to make it happen. This is not practice effect.

      Younger chaildren have more brain plasticity because they have far more synapses than they need, and undergo the process of "pruning" (weeding out the extras) mostly early on, but somewhat until age 5. Everyone has some plasticity because they have the ability to grown and ungrow synapses and complex connectivity with association areas (the cortex areas between major perceptual or cognitive processing centers) throughout life. And we now know we can also regrow neurons.

      Showing no statistical difference from controls is not the same as showing a significant statistical similarity with controls. It doesn't mean they were the same, and it doesn't even mean they weren't different. It only means with the few they studied they couldn't say with an arbitrary level of reliability (probably 95%) that the late-blind and controls definitely represented two different groups.

      Those who fail to learn statistics are doomed to repeat them poorly.

      --
      "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
    4. Re:They are wrong! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't poke your eye's out

      "eyes".

    5. Re:They are wrong! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      much like bats... (which are mammals btw)

    6. Re:They are wrong! by Elwood+P+Dowd · · Score: 1

      (which are mammals btw)

      They're some of our closest non-primate relatives, also having descended from tree shrews.

      --

      There are no trails. There are no trees out here.
  6. Daredevil! by silicon+not+in+the+v · · Score: 1

    ...the man without fear.
    That basic idea is the premise of what happened to him. He lost his sight, and it extremely improved his other senses. To put a little comic book spin on it, though, they incorporated the angle that it was some kind of radioactive waste that splashed in his face so that it caused a more extreme heightening of his senses than a normal person.

    --
    We may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode. -Capt. Mal Reynolds
    1. Re:Daredevil! by AuMatar · · Score: 2, Funny

      Also th emost useless superhero of all. His special power is that he's a blind man who can see. The two cancel each other out! Its like he's a normal man.

      --
      I still have more fans than freaks. WTF is wrong with you people?
  7. adaptations by EaterOfDog · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I am a hearing-impared individual who is funcional with hearing aids but basically deaf without. As my hearing has gotten worse, I have found myself making adaptations without realizing it. About a year ago, I realized I was able to identify the people I work with via the vibrations through the floor when they approach. I am not sure how long I have been doing this. I have long been aware of increasing sensitivity in my vision, but my sense of touch??? Freaky.

    --

    Crushing my karma one post at a time.
    1. Re:adaptations by mooncaine · · Score: 2, Interesting
      I grew up with a grandmother who was totally deaf since some time in her adolescence. She lived most of her adult life in a foreign country, raised 4 children and 2 grandchildren.

      To me, the main disadvantage I could say her deafness brought her was that she never learned to speak English. She could speak Greek so well, and lip-read Greek so well, that people very often refused to believe she was deaf. [I tested whether she could hear an electric guitar amplified beyond my pain threshold -- no dice]. We'd have to remind some folks not to yell at her, not to raise their voices -- it was pointless and only annoyed those around her who could hear the yelling.

      She knew us all by our "sounds", felt through the floor. She could "hear" her daugther's car in the driveway, through the ground, so to speak. When we needed to catch her attention, one or two stomps on the floor would do, and as long as we spoke Greek, all we needed to do was face her when we spoke. The floor-stomp got to be a sort of family vocabulary; you could stomp differently if it was urgent, or if you just wanted to catch her attention for something trivial, etc.

      If I had to choose between losing my sight or hearing, I'd rather lose my hearing, because I learned from my grandmother's example how to adapt. I wonder if I'd feel differently if she'd been blind, instead. Probably so.

  8. In other news... by vasqzr · · Score: 1, Funny


    People who lose their legs early in life have stronger and have more dexterity in their arms than people who don't.

  9. Ringing In Ears by RobertB-DC · · Score: 2, Interesting

    However, have you ever tried white-noise therapy? It does give some sense of 'relief' to the constant ringing sound.

    I'm 37, and just found out this past year (at my grandmother's funeral) why I've always had a clear, pure tone in both ears. When I was 5 months old, a small-town fireworks display went bad, resulting in a huge blast that shook the whole area. I don't ever remember *not* hearing the tone -- I can hear it right now if I focus on it.

    I don't think I'd want the sound to go away. It's my sound, by golly, and I'm keeping it!

    I can also hear the high-pitched sound of a CRT tube that's on but not displaying anything. It's less noticable on newer TVs -- either that, or I've lost that high-high end of my hearing with age. I wonder if that's a side effect of losing those cilia when I was a baby, or would I have had this Amazing Super Power anyway?

    --
    Stressed? Me? Of course not. Stress is what a rubber band feels before it breaks, silly.
    1. Re:Ringing In Ears by Deflagro · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That CRT thing is more of a feeling than a hearing tho, I have the same problem. I can hear that noise before the actualy sound on a TV, through walls and all. It's very distinctive. I thought i was the only one that could do that :)

      --
      Der Tod ist der einzige Weg hier raus!
    2. Re:Ringing In Ears by ByteSlicer · · Score: 1

      No, I have pretty good hearing, and I hear it too. My guess is that it's the high-voltage transformer for the CRT. After a while, your brain filters it out, but if you get closer and move your head, it is clearly there (mute on).

    3. Re:Ringing In Ears by cjameshuff · · Score: 1

      I hear it too, I can tell a muted TV is on as soon as I enter a room. The horizontal sync frequency for NTSC is 15.75 kHz, I've always assumed it was coils or deflector plates vibrating at that frequency. I've never personally met someone who hears it, but they may just not have noticed it...normal hearing is supposed to go up to 20 kHz.

    4. Re:Ringing In Ears by AuMatar · · Score: 1

      I can hear it, but I always figure it was something about electronics in general. I sometimes hear it in rooms with TVs turned off.

      --
      I still have more fans than freaks. WTF is wrong with you people?
    5. Re:Ringing In Ears by Deflagro · · Score: 1

      Ya, people would always look at me like i'm crazy. I'd say that a TV is on in that other room, but no one could hear any noise. It's just a high pitched whine, like an electrical sound.
      I just never really thought about it i suppose. Glad to see i'm not the only freak tho ;)

      --
      Der Tod ist der einzige Weg hier raus!
    6. Re:Ringing In Ears by mooncaine · · Score: 1

      I can confirm that I, too, have always been able to hear this, and [so far] still can.... despite my determined efforts as a teen to find the upper limit of volume at which an electric guitar could be played. I used to stick my head right up against the speaker and blast music; I feel so lucky that I can still hear that high-pitched sound TVs make. I do think that I must have damaged my hearing, but so far, I haven't suffered. I do sometimes hear that tone [very rarely] in a very silent setting, and I wonder if I'm hearing a symptom of ear damage or if something nearby is actually making that high-pitched sound. Possible even something within my body is making such a sound -- who knows? I'm happy that such tones never seem to last long enough to cause me any problems.

    7. Re:Ringing In Ears by shobadobs · · Score: 1

      I always find that I cannot hear the high-pitched electronic sound, but I can somehow detect whether a nearby CRT is on or not.

  10. As the wise man said... by NerveGas · · Score: 1

    Ulysses Everett McGill: I don't know Delmar. The blind are reputed to possess sensitivities compensating for their lack of sight, even to the point of developing paranormal psychic powers. Now, clearly seeing into the future would fall into neatly into that category; its not so surprising then that an organism deprived of its earthly vision...

    (O Brother, Where Art Thou?)

    steve

    --
    Oh, you're not stuck, you're just unable to let go of the onion rings.
  11. What about... by Lord+Bitman · · Score: 1

    What about blindness which occurs later in life, but is a result of radioactive chemicals?

    --
    -- 'The' Lord and Master Bitman On High, Master Of All
  12. human experimentation by boarder · · Score: 1

    These are the moments when I wish it were legal and ethical to experiment on humans. I want to know what happens if you temporarily induce blindness (like a permanent blindfold)in an infant so that it develops this ultra-hearing, then afterwards take off the blindfold. Would its hearing still be exceptional? Would its vision be highly impaired from being undeveloped? Since the eyes still technically work, would it develop super night vision?

    Yes, the logistics of this is mind-boggling, as is the thought of seriously mucking around with some poor infant. But I want to know!

    --
    IANAL, but I play one on /.
  13. They can tell 2600 Hz when they hear it by IBX · · Score: 1
    1. Re:They can tell 2600 Hz when they hear it by hcdejong · · Score: 1

      That's called absolute pitch, and it's not exclusive to blind people.

  14. Ah, crap by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I always thought it was a 15,500 hz.

  15. "Face Sense" by SeanDuggan · · Score: 2, Informative

    Some congenitally blind subjects can develop a "face sense" that allows them to hear and process the sound of their own movements echoing off nearby objects, and thus detect their presence and general location. Music practice certainly won't change that either.
    ^_^ And as I understand it, seeing people can also manage this mystic "face sense" if they put a little time into it. Try it some time. Stand in a relatively quiet room and clap your hands. Take a step forward and clap again. Notice the difference? After that, it's practice. Yes, it's probably easier if learned from an early age where the brain is more plastic, but basically anyone with decent hearing can learn it.

    As for your comment about music practice, that's one of those things I find interesting. I'm missing a cite here, but I remember reading a study that experimented with teaching children in their first few years, everything from flashcards to music. They found that the knowledge did not seem to stick enough to influence future learning except for music. Supposedly, children who started music at an early age consistently tested higher in that area later in life. Also missing a cite for the one study I read talking about how raising a child around music at a very early age tends to lead to a child with extremely good to perfect pitch, with a corollary that cultures with a pitch-sensitive language such as Vietnamese tended to produce children with perfect pitch, even if the child was originally of another nationality.

    --
    This sig has absolutely no significance and serves only to take up screen space and waste the time of the reader.
    1. Re:"Face Sense" by Elwood+P+Dowd · · Score: 1
      Yes, it's probably easier if learned from an early age where the brain is more plastic, but basically anyone with decent hearing can learn it.

      I have a hard time believing you. Yes, perhaps sighted people can learn to listen for the sounds produced by echoes of their own movement off nearby objects, like a wall. But I don't think they can acquire face sense:
      Blind people sometimes feel the presence of nearby objects as a light touch on their faces, like a veil or spider-web. It turns out that this sensation, which is experienced as tactile, actually derives from auditory stimulation, since the sensation goes away when the people have their ears blocked with putty.
      From TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.5 No.6 June 2001, The 'feel' of seeing:an interview with J. Kevin O'Regan. Actually, I really don't like that source. But I can't find anything else relevant in a preliminary Googling. Maybe I'm full of shit.
      --

      There are no trails. There are no trees out here.
  16. I hear it too by Adolph_Hitler · · Score: 1

    I hear the same tone, i think its genetic, we all hear in our own way at are own levels

    --
    People don't exist to serve systems, systems exist to serve people.