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IBM Dipping Chips In 'Ionic Liquid' To Save Power

Nerval's Lobster writes "IBM announced this week that it has developed a way to manufacture both logic and memory that relies on a small drop of 'ionic liquid' to flip oxides back and forth between an insulating and conductive state without the need to constantly draw power. In theory, that means both memory and logic built using those techniques could dramatically save power. IBM described the advance in the journal Science, and also published a summary of its results to its Website. The central idea is to eliminate as much power as possible as it moves through a semiconductor. IBM's solution is to use a bit of 'ionic liquid' to flip the state. IBM researchers applied a positively charged ionic liquid electrolyte to an insulating oxide material — vanadium dioxide — and successfully converted the material to a metallic state. The material held its metallic state until a negatively charged ionic liquid electrolyte was applied in order to convert it back to its original, insulating state. A loose analogy would be to compare IBM's technology to the sort of electronic ink used in the black-and-white versions of the Kindle and other e-readers. There, an electrical charge can be applied to the tiny microcapsules that contain the 'ink,' hiding or displaying them to render a page of text. Like IBM's solution, the e-ink doesn't require a constant charge; power only needs to be applied to re-render or 'flip' the page. In any event, IBM's technique could conceivably be applied to both mobile devices as well as power-hungry data centers."

68 comments

  1. The Cost of the Liquid? by ExploHD · · Score: 5, Funny

    For an ionic liquid there should be no charge.

    1. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      "We'll be happy to give you the ionic liquid for free. The license for the patent? You go grab your check book and I'll start writing '0's."

    2. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by Forty+Two+Tenfold · · Score: 1

      's pun.

      --
      Upward mobility is a slippery slope - the higher you climb the more you show your ass.
    3. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      "We'll be happy to give you the ionic liquid for free. The license for the patent? You go grab your check book and I'll start writing '0's."

      Oh, great, I'll get it for $000.000.000.000.000? :-)

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    4. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by vuo · · Score: 2
      Joking aside, ILs are expensive, because they're yet nothing but custom-manufactured small-batch chemicals for research. We're talking about 500-1200 €/kg for low grade (2-5% impurities). For high purity, you need very deep pockets, since producing pure ILs is not routine and may need expensive custom synthesis and research. If production is scaled up, though, then we're in the normal custom manufacturing range, order of magnitude being 10-100 €/kg. In this case, though, I think the price of the IL is not going to be a problem, simply because the amount needed is so small.

      Personally, I think that what kills this eventually is the inability to control the degradation of the IL or the memory itself, and accumulation of harmful degradation products. Since this is a chip that you'll package and seal in, you wouldn't want to do an "oil change" now and then.

    5. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by vuo · · Score: 2

      And just to clarify, their IL was 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, or better known as [hmim][NTf2], fairly nonexotic as far as ILs go. Although I didn't find the price for this, the butyl version (whose synthesis is very similar) goes for 1150 €/kg at SigmaAldrich.

    6. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I want to dip my dongle in yonic liquid.

    7. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by slick7 · · Score: 1

      For an ionic liquid there should be no charge.

      A liquid that flip flops back and forth? Squeeze it out of the politicians and reduce the price a thousand-fold.

      --
      The mind conceives, the body achieves, the spirit manifests.
    8. Re:The Cost of the Liquid? by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 1

      Well, most ionic liquids are expensive. Not all, though -- you can make one with a eutectic mix of choline chloride and urea that's liquid at room temperature, and the components are available for pennies per kilogram. (Choline chloride is chicken feed, and urea is a bulk fertilizer.)

      I'm sure a semiconductor manufacturer wouldn't be using anything so mundane. Then again, they'd probably be using micrograms at most per chip.

  2. Garbled to hell by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    That's a pretty garbled summary.

    1. Re:Garbled to hell by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2

      That's a pretty garbled summary.

      Oh, absolutely, that it's actually marginally intelligible is rather worrisome.

      I suspect that one of our Slashdot editors has been secretly replaced with Folger's Crystals.

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    2. Re:Garbled to hell by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The article had a positive spin.

    3. Re:Garbled to hell by stevesliva · · Score: 1

      Yeah, it's basically another nonvolatile memory press release. Sounds close to phase-change memory.

      The background would be that flash might not be scaling well, or might eventually stop scaling, so there are a lot of other types of nifty nonvolatile memory types that would aim to replace it. Magnetoresistive, ferroelectric, phase change, memristors, nanotubes, whatever. That's not to say that those sorts of things can't perhaps escape their niche and make create a whole new class of computing machines based on non-transistor switches, but yeah. First things first.

      --
      Who do you get to be an expert to tell you something's not obvious? The least insightful person you can find? -J Roberts
    4. Re:Garbled to hell by Hal_Porter · · Score: 1

      It's actually easier to read if you read 'ionic liquid' in an Arnold voice like 'mimetic poly- alloy'.

      Which is not in fact the title of a song by Austrian Death Machine but arguably should be.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
  3. But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... does it have electrolytes?

    1. Re:But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yes, It's got what plants crave...

    2. Re:But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      ... does it have electrolytes?

      If it did they'd call it Gateorade.

    3. Re:But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you've got VD, put ionic-liquid on it. That's what.

    4. Re:But... by innerweb · · Score: 1

      Bad timing while drinking soda. Friggin hilarious.

      --
      Freud might say that Intelligent Design is religion's ID.
    5. Re:But... by artfulshrapnel · · Score: 1

      It's what (chip) plants crave!

  4. Hardcoded software? by scarlac · · Score: 1

    As a non-hardware engineer, I am not sure I understood the article, but would this make it possible to literally hard-code software to improve performance? I.e. a logic board having some standard components and a "changable" chip that could improve performance of much-used software?

    1. Re:Hardcoded software? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You mean, something like an FPGA?

    2. Re:Hardcoded software? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Firmware. BIOS. PROM's.
      Performance is usually not awsome, but there are exceptions.

      As for this technology, I envision it like a hungry copper with toner refill & wast bottles- only with a pair labeled "+" and "-".

  5. Good news... by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 2

    but there have been so many "IBM new revolutionary technologies" during the (recent) past years nobody has even been able to see in actual life, let's hope this one makes it up to the shops in a reasonably near future...

    --
    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
    1. Re:Good news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      While that's certainly true for most "tech breakthroughs" you're probably writing that comment on an "IBM PC or compatible". ;)

    2. Re:Good news... by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

      the IBM PC being made during the recent past years...

      --
      Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
    3. Re:Good news... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      While that's certainly true for most "tech breakthroughs" you're probably writing that comment on an "IBM PC or compatible". ;)

      The IBM PC was no tech breakthrough, it was made basically of standard parts. Which is a large part of why it got so successful (the other part is that IBM created it).

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    4. Re:Good news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Making tech breakthroughs is no big deal when compared to getting patent clearance. Heck, many 'tech breakthroughs' are stuff that someone either conceived of or has already done a while back. The modern computer age is way behind its time, patents really delayed the use of much of the technology by a lot.

    5. Re:Good news... by mrmeval · · Score: 1

      The IBM article is slim on about everything. It seems to imply you have to put a liquid on the gate to turn it on and another to turn it off.

      I'd need a lot more info from them to even try and understand WTF they have.

      --
      I'd go on a Vegan diet but the delivery time from Vega is too long. --brownkitty
    6. Re:Good news... by lsatenstein · · Score: 1

      but there have been so many "IBM new revolutionary technologies" during the (recent) past years nobody has even been able to see in actual life, let's hope this one makes it up to the shops in a reasonably near future...

      ===
      What was not mentioned was the switching speed. If the speed is in microseconds, then the technology could be used in SSD type devices. If it is in nanoseconds, then of course, it can be used for live memory.

      --
      Leslie Satenstein Montreal Quebec Canada
    7. Re:Good news... by stoatwblr · · Score: 1

      Like "pixie dust"? A lot of this stuff does end up in available technology, but you don't hear about it because companies licensing it don't want to admit it's an IBM invention.

  6. 3 questions by Alain+Williams · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The really important things that were not mentioned are:

    • * How fast is it -- to store/retrieve a bit
    • * What is its life -- how many times can I do it before it breaks
    • * How much heat does it generate ?
    1. Re:3 questions by rriegs · · Score: 2

      While neither of the articles talk about the speed of the process, comparing it to e-ink makes it sound like it may take around 1 second before the conductor/insulator becomes reliable. If so, this may be hundreds of times slower than even an HDD and many millions of times slower than conventional RAM. That being said, after the conductor/insulator is formed, I imagine that read speeds would be similar to conventional RAM, as "reading" is still basically the same: testing whether current passes through a given bit of circuitry. This assumes, however, that the formed conductor/insulator is as reliable as a conventional transistor; if not, it may take a few cycles of "does current pass through?" before a definitive 1 or 0 is read.

      Even if this is the case, there would still be huge application for this kind of technology in certain areas, such as massive, infrequently changing data centers. Of course not all of the memory/storage on the device would be replaced with this kind of non-volatile memory. Just as we currently have L1, L2, and L3 caches, main memory, and HDDs (and beyond that tapes!), I expect we'll see this find its niche.

    2. Re:3 questions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And somehow I read ”and what is life"... 42?

    3. Re:3 questions by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      I tried to find the Science article, but couldn't. An explicit reference seems to be given nowhere, not even on the IBM page.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    4. Re:3 questions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They're not intending to use this for storing bits. The idea, as far as I can tell, is to turn off unused portions of the chip to reduce power consumption. In this case "switching speed" and heat generation are totally irrelevant because this is the sort of operation that would take place on long time scales and it would dramatically reduce the heat generated by the chip. Also, since it doesn't happen often, the number of cycles before failure is also less important.

    5. Re:3 questions by smaddox · · Score: 1

      Just came here to make sure someone made this point. This process is useless for high-speed electronics because it requires very low-speed drift of ions through an oxide. Why IBM made a press release about this is completely beyond me.

    6. Re:3 questions by smaddox · · Score: 1

      They'd be better off adding some mask steps for power transistors, an already proven technology. This will never make it to a commercial chip.

    7. Re:3 questions by lexman098 · · Score: 1

      Also, how big is it? From the picture in the article it looks like 20um technology which wouldn't be viable for ICs unless they find a way to shrink it substantially.

  7. Re:A good HOST file reduces power usage by ~37% by cpicon92 · · Score: 2

    I like how this post seems to just sum up every Slashdot comment ever without actually saying anything.

  8. IBM Dipping Chips In 'Ionic Liquid' by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I personally prefer a salsa based dip.

  9. Now we have to rethink ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... we have to rethink the term "solid state."

    1. Re:Now we have to rethink ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We already did. It used to mean controlling electrical currents in, well, a solid, as opposed to a vacuum or a gas. Now it supposedly means "no moving parts", which now means that vacuum tubes are solid state.

  10. Re:A good HOST file reduces power usage by ~37% by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2

    I like how this post seems to just sum up every Slashdot comment, ever.

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
  11. USS Voyager by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Did somebody say gel packs ? .

    1. Re:USS Voyager by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did somebody say T-1000?

  12. Correct me if I'm wrong, but... by Pluvius · · Score: 1

    ...wouldn't this lead to exploits that are currently considered impossible due to the volatile nature of RAM? I'm thinking of something along the lines of those guys who jailbroke a mobile phone by putting it in a freezer. Not that this would be an insurmountable problem, but it is something to think about.

    Rob

    1. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong, but... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      What exploits would this enable which hibernating doesn't?

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    2. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong, but... by Pluvius · · Score: 1

      As I said, some guys rooted an Android phone by sticking it in a freezer. Non-volatile RAM would make this kind of thing easier, wouldn't it?

      Rob

    3. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong, but... by ArcadeMan · · Score: 1

      Putting a phone in the freezer... hibernating... woosh!

    4. Re:Correct me if I'm wrong, but... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      If the developers of such technology know that the memory will stay unchanged on power-off, they are likely to take that into account. While when they rely on the memory being gone on power-off, any violation of that assumption may be turned into an exploit.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  13. Biology? by citizenr · · Score: 1

    This reminds me of our meatbag bodies and homeostasis. Instead of waiting for electrons to come flowing down the wire transistors can draw electrons from surrounding 'Ionic Liquid'?

    --
    Who logs in to gdm? Not I, said the duck.
  14. After it crashes... by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 1

    ...they'll rebuild it using bionic liquid to make it better than before. Better, stronger, faster.

    --
    It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    1. Re:After it crashes... by ArcadeMan · · Score: 1

      And then a virus will take over it and we'll have our first T-1000.

    2. Re:After it crashes... by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 1

      And then a virus will take over it and we'll have our first T-1000.

      You realize my post was more of a Six Million Dollar Man joke than Terminator joke, or are you a youngster?

      --
      It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    3. Re:After it crashes... by ArcadeMan · · Score: 1

      I realize that, but I thought I could squeeze a Terminator joke in there as well. You know, kind of a "Steve Austin turned evil by technology" theme.

  15. For my health by surfdaddy · · Score: 1

    I have a shot of ionic liquid every day.

  16. Long known overclocker secret revealed by Rob_Bryerton · · Score: 1

    Always go for the double-dipped ones...

  17. I dip my chips in ironic liquid by dsmithhfx · · Score: 0

    For the bitter aftertaste.

  18. Brain Storm! by hey! · · Score: 1

    I'm going to run out and dip my chips in Corinthian and Doric liquids to see what happens.

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  19. Another phase change device by Required+Snark · · Score: 2
    This is a phase change device http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change_memory

    The track record of this type of technology has not been good. Ovonic device have never seen any significant deployment. They change state via an electric pulse that heats a cell and causes it to change between a crystalline and amorphous form. The cell holds the state without power consumption, and reading the value requires very little power.

    The HP memristor is similar. The energy pulse moves oxygen ions in titanium dioxide which changes the conduction properties of the TiO2, which is a semiconductor. This has not hit the market so far either.

    The IBM ionic liquid is even farther away from deployment. All they've shown is a phase change. They haven't even figured out how to do logic or non-volatile memory. It's interesting research, but nothing more so far.

    --
    Why is Snark Required?
    1. Re:Another phase change device by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Last I'd heard, the HP memristor hadn't entered production yet because it was intentionally pushed back, due to fears by Hynix that it would eat all of their other product lines.

  20. New Use For Brawndo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ..i'ts got electrolytes.

  21. Re:A good HOST file reduces power usage by ~37% by ButchDeLoria · · Score: 1

    You're my personal hero.

  22. chips on dip by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    hmm dipping chips must have given them good tast!!!

  23. It wasn't rooting, it was breaking encryption by caveat · · Score: 1

    The researchers freezing the phone weren't doing it for anything as trivial as a root exploit; they were doing it to break the filesystem encryption. Freezing the phone (with it switched on) slows down the RAM decay enough so that quickly (~0.5sec) popping out the battery will reboot the system without the RAM erasing. From there, they start the phone up into "fastboot" mode, which is a pre-OS state that allows the device to be attached to a computer and have a custom OS loaded. That OS sniffs the RAM for the keys that had to be stored while the phone was on and decrypted, bippity boppity bacon you have access to the AES-scrambled filesystem. It's a nontrivial exploit and also nothing new, low-temperature data remanence is a known weakness of cryptosystems in general.

    http://www1.cs.fau.de/frost

    --

    Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored. - Aldous Huxley