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Khrushchev's 1959 Visit To IBM

harrymcc (1641347) writes In September of 1959, Nikita Khrushchev, the premier of the Soviet Union, spent 12 days touring the U.S. One of his stops was IBM's facilities in San Jose, which helped to create the area later known as Silicon Valley. The premier got to see the first computer which came with a hard disk, which IBM programmed to answer history questions. But what he was most impressed by was IBM's modern cafeteria. Over at Fast Company, I've chronicled this fascinating and little-known moment in tech history, which will be covered in an upcoming PBS program on Khrushchev's U.S. trip.

54 comments

  1. wait by atomicthumbs · · Score: 3, Insightful

    wouldn't a "thawing" of the cold war be a *bad* thing

    --
    http://pinopsida.com
    1. Re:wait by CRCulver · · Score: 4, Informative

      The so-called "Krushchev thaw" was not a thawing of the Cold War, it was a relaxation in restrictions on Soviet cultural expression in the late 1950s and early 1960s, along with some economic reform, after over two decades of Stalinism.

    2. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      A big factor in the demise of the Soviet Union was Stalin. It was never supposed to happen that way. I don't think Lenin really foresaw such a scenario when the Bolsheviks established the government of the Soviet Union. Stalin was really just a power-hungry egomaniac who would have changed his colors to facilitate his rise to power no matter the political situation. He would have been a staunch advocate of the monarchy in Britain, or of representative democracy in the United States. Anything to get to the top. Stalin is every political system's nightmare. How do you weed out the imposters and select for the "benevolent dictator" type? They exist, but the personalities associated with benevolence do not fare well in the vicious world of politics. Look at how things turned out for Jimmy Carter. I don't know the answer, but knowing the solution isn't necessary to recognize the problem.

    3. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sure... And every other Russian President has been a success story for Socialism? No. The Soviets hurt, killed, starved, controlled, were awful to the people. Maybe you want to give communism another go, eh? dipshit...

    4. Re:wait by Kartu · · Score: 3, Informative

      Actually, no, it wasn't Stalin's.
      In Stalin's era USSR was developing faster (actually, like 4+ times faster) than the West. He started with retrograde agricultural country and ended up with a nuclear superpower.
      Hitler's economy was insanely good too.
      And hell, yeah, we know about the price for both cases, no need to remind.

      As far as USSR's economic growth goes, in Khruschev times it was still more than healthy, twice faster than the West.
      However , in Brezhnev's era at some point in 70th it simply stopped growing. Let alone that most of the grows was done at the cost of the quality (higher number of lower quality machines). In 1978 Soviet Union didn't grow even according to the official statistics.

    5. Re:wait by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Democracy seems to fail more often if you don't have an established cultural tradition of it. Since Russians first lived under samoderzhavye and then under Bolshevism, I think it's rather optimistic to expect them to become another US in just a few years.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    6. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Communism is having "another go" in China, and they will soon be the world's largest economy. Who's the dipshit?

    7. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      What they have in China is no longer Communism, it looks more like Fascism.

    8. Re:wait by Mister+Liberty · · Score: 1

      To come full circle on the topic -- it's facism brought to them by IBM and the like, and to come full circle on your remark, those wonderful facilities of facism are being imported back into the US post haste.
      IBM meanwhile is making a killing.
      Fixed that for ya.

    9. Re:wait by davydagger · · Score: 2

      bullshit. See post below.

      The Russians as a whole defeated the nazis. Stalin's incompetence did nothing more than spill more Russian blood. WIth someone more competiant, the Soviets would have had less casualties and conquered more of europe.

    10. Re:wait by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd strongly argue that Gorbachev was, purely on consequentialist grounds.

    11. Re:wait by mjwx · · Score: 1

      bullshit. See post below.

      The Russians as a whole defeated the nazis. Stalin's incompetence did nothing more than spill more Russian blood. WIth someone more competiant, the Soviets would have had less casualties and conquered more of europe.

      This.

      Winston Churchill said "Battles are won by slaughter and manoeuvre, the more a general contributes in manoeuvre, the less he demands in slaughter", Stalin and to a slightly lesser extent, Hitler were prime examples of this. Stalin used almost no strategy, relying on brute force and numbers to win battles, he chose objectives out of pride rather than value. In a way, this was good for the west, we emerged stronger than the Soviets because our leaders were more restrained, listened to the advice of their generals and admirals and valued the lives of their soldiers.

      If Stalin had of been more strategic, he would have been able to get to the coast of France before D-Day and we wouldn't have been able to do a damn thing.

      That being said, Russia's economy looked good post war because of a massive military-industrial complex. Unlike the west, they didn't stop making tanks, bombers, fighters and rifles after the war... they ramped it up to 11. So in the 70's their growth simply stopped because they started running out of things that the civilians needed which hadn't been updated or built in great numbers. The post-war USSR is a good example of the problems with military-industrial complexes.

      --
      Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
    12. Re:wait by davydagger · · Score: 1

      >That being said, Russia's economy looked good post war because of a massive military-industrial complex. Unlike the west, they didn't stop making tanks, bombers, fighters and rifles after the war... they ramped it up to 11

      the United States never stopped making tanks, bombers, fighters, rifles.

      Today, we have by far the largest military in the world, the majority of all types of heavy equipment and vehicles, such as aircraft carreiers, etc...

  2. Corn by phantomfive · · Score: 1

    And they fed him corn, he brought it back home and suggested everyone plant it (which of course a suggestion from the secretary is followed). A year later after all Russians are sick of corn, he is deposed.

    True story.

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    1. Re:Corn by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 2

      A year later after all Russians are sick of corn, he is deposed.

      If they had known how to make booze out of corn, they wouldn't have been sick of it.

      --
      Schroedinger's Brexit: The UK is both in and out of the EU at the same time!
    2. Re:Corn by cold+fjord · · Score: 1

      Given Soviet rates of alcoholism, if they had known how to make booze out of corn they would have been sick from that too.

      --
      much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
  3. Slashdot is lacking by houghi · · Score: 4, Funny

    I know that the news here is often not the very latest, but 55 years too late is ridiculous.
    Next: (in 10 years) we will hear about a landing on the moon.

    --
    Don't fight for your country, if your country does not fight for you.
    1. Re:Slashdot is lacking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      First post!

    2. Re:Slashdot is lacking by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      I think you misspelled "Small step!"...

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  4. Walking on water by rlh100 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Kind of off topic but we have a picture of my father, Jack Harker, walking on water in front of the sculpture. He was manager of "The Labs" and was working with manufacturing to introduce their first Winchester disk drive. The technology was not moving successfully from the lab to the shop. There were some tremendous technical problems in mass producing the drives. Manufacturing gave a very aggressive schedule for solving the problems. My father replied that if they could meet the schedule, he would walk on water.

    Manufacturing meet the schedule and the disk drives were delivered. My father had a plywood platform built and painted dark placed just under the surface of the reflecting pool. True to his word, there he was walking on water with the sculpture in the background.

    A picture I did not understand fully until after his death.

    Jack Harker, one of the fathers of the disk drive industry, a manager's manager, a great dad.

    1. Re:Walking on water by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is a great story. Great to have such a dad. Any other stories of how things were back then? How was IBM when you were growing up? Their technical prowess etc. Would love to hear from you.

    2. Re:Walking on water by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Kind of off topic but we have a picture of my father, Jack Harker, walking on water in front of the sculpture. He was manager of "The Labs" and was working with manufacturing to introduce their first Winchester disk drive. The technology was not moving successfully from the lab to the shop. There were some tremendous technical problems in mass producing the drives. Manufacturing gave a very aggressive schedule for solving the problems. My father replied that if they could meet the schedule, he would walk on water.

      Have you scanned it in and contacted the Computer History Museum? If he didn't include it in his oral histories, that's history right there.

      In either case - thank you for sharing the story - because it's too late for me to thank him for his work.

  5. Walking on water by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    http://blogs.hds.com/hu/2013/05/remembering-jack-harker.html

  6. Kitchen debate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    This visit to IBM-San Jose was about two months after the "Kitchen Debate" at the exhibition of US consumer products in Moscow.

  7. Re:IBM has toads in its hat by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

    A picture I did not understand fully until I have for solving the problems. My father had a plywood platformed an opinion I need frequent contribute to create to slashdot again. After with a hard disk drive industry, a manager, one of the reflecting pool. True to slashdot again. After all, he's a frequent contributor.

  8. In Soviet Russia... by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

    Came looking for Soviet Russia. It did not find me. Left disappointed.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  9. Re:bring back bennett haselton by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Stale, yes.

    Off-topic, yes.

    Lame, yes.

    Stupid, yes.

    Funny, no.

  10. Whether you like it our not... by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2

    History is on our side. We will bury you!

    --
    Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    1. Re:Whether you like it our not... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://www.metrolyrics.com/the-times-they-are-achangin-lyrics-bob-dylan.html and of course: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7qQ6_RV4VQ

  11. Re:Web designing & software services by nukenerd · · Score: 2

    Fuck off

  12. Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by CajunArson · · Score: 3, Interesting

    In sort of a mirror image of this story, some U.S. scientist was led on the usual dog & pony tour of Soviet space facilities (a publicly available one at any rate). Of course the tour included a display of huge rockets, advanced sattelites, etc. etc. to trump up the superiority of Soviet science.

    Interestingly enough, after the tour the scientist came away convinced that the Soviet Union was hopelessly behind. It had nothing to do with the rockets though. Instead, he noted that when they ate lunch at the cafeteria, the cafeteria workers had to total up their lunches using an abacus. Big propaganda show-pieces are impressive, but it's the little things that show you what's really going on.

    --
    AntiFA: An abbreviation for Anti First Amendment.
    1. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by PPH · · Score: 1

      Instead, he noted that when they ate lunch at the cafeteria, the cafeteria workers had to total up their lunches using an abacus.

      Ever seen a race between an experienced abacus (or slide rule) user and calculator user? Often times, the old technology wins.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
    2. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unless there is some item with a variable price, such as salad sold by weight, there are only a fixed number of total prices for all of the possible combinations of food that can be purchased. Haven't you ever had a cashier tell you the total price of a combo meal before the register tabulates?

    3. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by MickLinux · · Score: 1

      I don't know whether to believe you or not. On the one hand, it sounds like a snide remark, intended to be silly. On the other hand, in 2000 I taught school at a magnet school in one of the ex-satellite countries (Lithuania), and they do use abacuses to tote up lunches. Nothing huge about that; it's not done everywhere, but if that's how the lunch lady wants to operate and it works, more power to her.

      I think it was a mistake to consider them behind because they mix new technology and old. All these discussions about the failure of our schools... maybe it would be better to find a good mix.

      --
      Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
    4. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by radarskiy · · Score: 2

      "experienced abacus (or slide rule) user"

      Now your cafeteria is in competition for yet another worker skill and that against your engineering department, and it is hard to substitute a different employee if an abacus expert is out sick.

      Compare that to a modern fast food restaurant, where running the cash register may not even require literacy so it's a buyers market for labor.

    5. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by PPH · · Score: 1

      Now your cafeteria is in competition for yet another worker skill and that against your engineering department,

      Using an abacus (or slide rule) was taught in many countries in grade school and was (might still be in some contries) a prerequisite for a high school diploma (or its equivalent). The experience and speed comes from working with one on a daily basis in a checkout line.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
    6. Re:Interesting Cafeteria Story in Reverse by Lord+Flipper · · Score: 1

      the scientist came away convinced that the Soviet Union was hopelessly behind. It had nothing to do with the rockets though. Instead, he noted that when they ate lunch at the cafeteria, the cafeteria workers had to total up their lunches using an abacus. Big propaganda show-pieces are impressive, but it's the little things that show you what's really going on.

      That's interesting. I vaguely recall Krushchev being despondent about the Soviet Union's chances at matching/overtaking the US, after a visit to southern California. At one point he had asked if they were flying over the "ruling class" homes now, and when told, No, that's the mostly middle-class San Fernando Valley, the sight of so many swimming pools was like the writing on the wall for him.

  13. Khruschev pounded his shoe on the cafeteria table by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In Russia my steaks are well done!

  14. IBM, then flush twice.... by Bob_Who · · Score: 1

    It's a long way to the cafeteria.

    Khrushchev saw the writing on the bathroom wall...

  15. Stalin was Hitler's secret ally at first ... by drnb · · Score: 5, Informative

    You know without someone like Stalin at the helm, the USSR might not have survived WWII. Cold, brutal, but effective :( Clearly the man was a monster -- but I think people forget that the bulk of the fighting in Europe during WWII was on the eastern front, not the western; by the time D day happened, the Germans had mostly been defanged, by the Russians.

    Stalin did not save the Soviet Union. The Soviet privates, corporals, sergeants, farmers and workers saved the Soviet Union despite Stalin's stupidity.

    Stalin was Hitler's secret ally at first. He actually helped start WW2. Stalin's non-aggression treaty with the Nazis had secret parts where Stalin and Hitler agreed to split Poland and other countries, it defined the respective Nazi and Soviet sphere's of influence of Eastern Europe. So Hitler's invasion of Poland, the event that triggered WW2 in Europe, was in fact done with Stalin's blessings. It was not until Hitler invaded the Soviet Union that Stalin fought against Nazism. If the Soviets had a leader that was a true ally of Britain and France and stood against the Nazi's and promised to defend Poland as Britain and France had done there may have been no WW2. Plus with a different leader the Soviets may have fought more effectively during the early parts of the war. Stalin and Hitler were very much alike in many ways. Besides brutal murderous dictators who killed millions of their own people, they erroneously thought themselves military geniuses and through their idiotic orders destroyed their own armies.

    To be honest, Stalin expected that the Nazi's would invade, it just happened years before Stalin expected. He ignored one piece of evidence after another indicating an imminent invasion preferring to cling to his earlier personal expectations. His military incompetence was largely covered up, however since the Soviet collapse Red Army records have become available to western historians and his incompetence has been shown to be far greater than imagined. The west was aware of his various pre-war purges that decimated the leadership of the Red Army, officers being selected for loyalty to Stalin rather than military competence, and the previously mentioned self-denial regarding imminent invasion by the Nazis. Today the world knows, via official Red Army communications and unit records/diaries that some of Stalin's so called great military successes were pure propaganda fantasies. For example official Red Army documents show that Stalin did **not** order the Red Army to fall back to draw the Nazi's deeper into Soviet territory, with longer and more difficult to defend supply lines, and draw them into a trap. He actually ordered units to stand and fight at all costs, to not give any ground, much like Hitler did. Again, the two were so much alike. However the Red Army collapsed and retreated in a disorganized and somewhat panicked manner. The Nazi's going too deep and over extending their lines had more to do with Hitler's idiocy of pushing forward at all costs. Both Hitler and Stalin were incompetent military strategists whose idiotic orders destroyed their own armies. The Soviet Union was only saved because of huge reserves it could pull from Asia, including armies from Siberia that were well equipped for brutal winter warfare.

    1. Re:Stalin was Hitler's secret ally at first ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Russia allied with Germany at first because they weren't ready for a war. They figured that if they played nice, they could get half of Poland and then Germany would go fighting out west where France/Britain/Belgium/WhoeverElse would at least put up a nice long fight and give Russia time to build up their army. Blitzkrieg and ineffective French generalship tore that plan to pieces.

    2. Re:Stalin was Hitler's secret ally at first ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Russia allied with Germany at first because they weren't ready for a war. They figured that if they played nice, they could get half of Poland and then Germany would go fighting out west where France/Britain/Belgium/WhoeverElse would at least put up a nice long fight and give Russia time to build up their army. Blitzkrieg and ineffective French generalship tore that plan to pieces.

      It still amounts to partnering with Hitler over the invasion of Poland, the spark that ignited WW2 in Europe. Encouraging/enabling war between Germany and the west further indicts Stalin in having a role in starting WW2.

  16. Fighting on eastern front was not in isolation ... by drnb · · Score: 2

    You know without someone like Stalin at the helm, the USSR might not have survived WWII. Cold, brutal, but effective :( Clearly the man was a monster -- but I think people forget that the bulk of the fighting in Europe during WWII was on the eastern front, not the western; by the time D day happened, the Germans had mostly been defanged, by the Russians.

    While it is true that the bulk of the fighting was on the eastern front this did not occur in isolation. Allied fighting in Africa caused armored forces to be diverted from the invasion of the Soviet Union to Africa. In particular this included the one German commander who would and could get away with openly defying Hitler's orders. Field Marshal Rommel. A commander of such stature and trust in the German military that when Rommel asked an SS general what he would do if his (Rommel's) order contradicted Hitler's the officer replied that he would follow Rommel's order. There were numerous examples where SS officers of various ranks in fact did follow knowingly contradictory orders of Rommel. Imagine such a commander on the eastern front where idiotic orders of Hitler were followed and hundred of thousands of German troops were killed or captured.

    Now consider the Italian campaign where Italy surrendered and Germany was forced to commit and tie down elite units with brilliant commanders in order to slow the allied advance up the Italian peninsula. These German forces fought brilliantly and extracted a high cost for their retreats.

    Now consider the forces tied down in France. Add to this the enormous and unknown reserves that were created and used with surprise at the Battle of the Bulge.

    In short the allied actions in Africa, Italy and France/Holland/Belgium/etc greatly aided the eastern front by removing massive forces and perhaps key commanders.

    Now consider the US aid supplied to the Soviet Union. Without early US aid the Red Army may have starved. Without US aid the Soviets would not have had the steel to build the magnificent T-34 tanks. Without US aid the Soviets would not have had the tank busting aircraft like the P-39 Air Cobra at key moments. The Soviets hid for many years just how critical this aircraft was. However since the Soviet collapse historian have learned from official Red Army documents just how effective, critical and beloved by its pilots (and the infantry below) these aircraft were.

    So yes, the Soviets fought more Germans than the west. And the Soviets certainly suffered far greater casualties, although a bit of those military casualties of that had to do with Stalin's military incompetence. However this was not done in isolation. The west enabled the Soviet victories in many ways.

  17. housing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Didn't he also visit some kind of exhibition of housing and was assured that the average unskilled worker could afford to buy a home filled with the latest appliances. That Idea seems to have been left back in the 60s.

  18. Re:IBM has toads in its hat by davester666 · · Score: 1

    No, put that swastika flag away. He's the hammer and sickle guy.

    --
    Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!