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Chinese Scientists Plan Solar Power Station In Space

knwny points out this lofty proposed power plan in China. "The battle to dispel smog, cut greenhouse gases and solve the energy crisis is moving to space. If news reports are to be believed, Chinese scientists are mulling the construction of a solar power station in a geosynchronous orbit 36,000 kilometres above ground. The electricity generated would be converted to microwaves or lasers and transmitted to a collector on Earth. If realized, it will surpass the scale of the Apollo project and the International Space Station and be the largest-ever space project."

226 comments

  1. No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 5, Informative

    This stupid idea gets floated every few years. It doesn't work, even in theory. Do the math yourself.

    https://matter2energy.wordpress.com/2012/03/17/the-maury-equation-redux/

    1. Re:No they don't by monkeyzoo · · Score: 0

      Will never happen.
      The power production capacity of solar panels is directly proportionate to their area. Deploying myriad square miles/kilometers of solar panels into space doesn't make any sense. Not to mention the inefficiency of transmitting to Earth via "microwaves or lasers".

    2. Re:No they don't by gTsiros · · Score: 1

      and it will get floated every couple of years until they figure out how to make it worthwhile

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    3. Re:No they don't by PolygamousRanchKid+ · · Score: 3, Insightful

      transmitted to a collector on Earth

      . . . or fry Washington, DC or Moscow . . .

      Take a look at "Diamonds Are Forever" for all the details.

      --
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    4. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      Indeed. And invariably by someone who is a rocket guy, like this one. Wagging the dog, every time.

    5. Re:No they don't by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Will never happen.

      It certainly won't happen until we get better tech, but never say "never". But TFA is about some 93 year old retired Chinese geezer "mulling" the idea. He is speaking only for himself, and has no budget whatsoever. There is no "news" here.

      Putting solar panels on high altitude kites or balloons may make a more sense. They would be above most clouds, and could be tilted to always directly face the sun.

    6. Re:No they don't by rioki · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, yes... But is it usable as a weapon?

    7. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You know what makes even more sense than that? Putting solar panels on fucking rooftops or on the ground.

    8. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, ISS or Appollo scale says it all really, for power generation its completely infeasible. If you have that kind of money to blow on power generation put it towards developing fusion reactors, that project is just as likely to fizzle out, but if you actually get it to work its an instant victory condition.

    9. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You'd probably be better off with a very thin mirror in space - it doesn't even have to focus light to some kind of antenna, it could just focus it on several 100 acres (or sq miles) of solar panels on the ground in a normally sunny area - at night - so you get light on the panels 24/7, and it bypasses a lot of the 'danger' with microwave or laser beams getting off track and swaying into nuking city populations, etc. Worst they get is broad 'daylight' at midnight. Of course the astronomers would hate it since the atmospheric refraction would be problematic for them, but... ... and a thin mylar mirror (think those 'space blankets' for survival you can buy dirt cheap) wouldn't be anywhere near the technical difficulties of figuring out miles of solar panels in space.

    10. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This stupid idea gets floated every few years. It doesn't work, even in theory. Do the math yourself.

      https://matter2energy.wordpress.com/2012/03/17/the-maury-equation-redux/

      Fixing those issues is easy: Make a Very Large Ring around the entire earth with supports all the way to the ground and route the power transfer through the supports! (Using superconductors ofcourse!)

    11. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So like cold fusion and perpetual motion?

      "Looking for people to chat about multicopters, coding,"

      Surprise, another programmer Space Nutter who knows nothing about the real world.

    12. Re:No they don't by OzPeter · · Score: 1

      This stupid idea gets floated every few years. It doesn't work, even in theory. Do the math yourself.

      https://matter2energy.wordpress.com/2012/03/17/the-maury-equation-redux/

      I just took a look at that site, and while in general I agree with his conclusions, I am perplexed by some of the math that he uses.

      For example I do not see why Tg is different for ground based versus space based systems, and why it so not eliminated as per the E term (and why is Tg higher for a space based system?). And the links he supplied for the lifetime of space based cells are frankly puzzling to me as I cannot see anything in them that backs up his assertions (which is different from saying his assertions are false).

      In addition while a space based system has issues with transmission and degradation, he leaves out the fact that a space based PV system operates 24/7 with continuous output compared to an earth based system that has to deal with the vagaries of weather and that pesky thing called "night". Thus an Earth based PV system will always have to have additional non-PV infrastructure in order to deliver comparable energy delivery. So that will also change the overall economics.

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    13. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      he leaves out the fact that a space based PV system operates 24/7 with continuous output compared to an earth based system that has to deal with the vagaries of weather and that pesky thing called "night".

      Isn't that represented by the higher "I" factor for space based cells ?

    14. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course it won't work. They're really just going to put up an overhead LCD billboard that will show the sun to people passing by and try to pass it off as if it were the real thing. With all the smog, it's not like they even know what the real sun looks like these days anyway.

    15. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 3, Insightful

      > It certainly won't happen until we get better tech, but never say "never".

      You may have missed the point of the linked article. If you improve the tech of the panels, then the relative advantage of mounting them on the ground *improves*.

      > But TFA is about some 93 year old retired Chinese geezer "mulling" the idea

      Geez, I totally missed that.

      It always is, BTW. The entire space power group is made up almost entirely of retired astronauts and rocket engineers. That and the hangers-on like the National Space Society and such. I have yet to meet a single person from the power industry that is even marginally involved.

    16. Re:No they don't by OzPeter · · Score: 1

      Given that I am not a rocket scientist I just realized that I made an assumption about satellites in geosync orbits - that I don't know if the inclination of the earth is such that a satellite in a geosync orbit is always in sunlight.

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    17. Re:No they don't by cbelt3 · · Score: 2

      Since anti satellite technology is quite mature and tested, anyone who thinks that such a system would not have the equivalent of a few dozen nuclear shotguns permanently parked near it is... clueless. Of course the effect of having to destroy that would effectively make Earth orbit a no-go zone for decades until someone started sending up sweeper robots.

    18. Re: No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, and if it misses its target? And the "manmade" global warming of the atmosphere? Or is that disregarded because its China. The creation of apermenant low there would really mess with climate. Much worse then volcanism I would think. Talk about geoengerring on a destructive scale. Here would they fall back to? Run to mars? Ow, something like that to power a moon station, or a larger space station, a natural.

    19. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > For example I do not see why Tg is different for ground based versus space based systems

      The reason should have been explained, which I now realize has not been. Basically it *should* be easier to convert constant "insolation" from the rectenna to AC power than doing the same for variable inputs from the PV panels.

      But you know what, you're absolutely right. It has basically no effect on the outcome, and simply confuses matters. I'll update the article and leave a note at the bottom.

      Actually I should do that anyway, because NREL *finally* updated the derate in PVWatts from 0.77, which was hopelessly outdated, to 0.86(4?) which is more in line with modern inverters.

      > and why it so not eliminated as per the E term

      Yes, an update is in order, it would definitely improve it in this fashion. That should have been clear to me when I was writing it. Thanks!

      > he leaves out the fact that a space based PV system operates 24/7 with continuous output compared to an earth
      > based system that has to deal with the vagaries of weather and that pesky thing called "night".

      No, actually, I didn't. That is encoded in the insolation number. PVWatts considers day/night, clouds, reflections off snow, dirt on the panels, and all sorts of other factors in its calculations. It's totally crescent fresh, check it out for your own location:

      http://pvwatts.nrel.gov

    20. Re:No they don't by AmiMoJo · · Score: 5, Interesting

      JAXA (the Japanese space agency) has done the maths and decided it will definitely work. They describe the system in detail here: http://spectrum.ieee.org/green...

      JAXA intends to test the technology in 2018.

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    21. Re:No they don't by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      Doing the math with the wrong numbers isn't informative. You've ignored the atmospheric losses suffered by ground-based systems -- clouds, dust, the opacity of air. I think you're also being much more generous in estimating the potential lifetime of ground-based systems than space-based ones, which skews your numbers.

      It may be that the gains are small enough to not justify the launch costs, though that depends on how much we value land taken up by solar arrays.

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    22. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The math depends on assumptions, and you can get a different answer with a different set of entirely reasonable assumptions. There are also things not taken into account in that article you linked.

      For example, some countries simply don't have a lot of space on the ground for vast solar arrays, so they might be willing to absorb the extra cost of orbital solar. There's a reason why Japan has spent a lot of time looking into orbital solar.

      The microwave downlink from an orbital solar plant is less attenuated by clouds than the visible insolation falling on ground-based solar cells, and a geostationary orbital station would have a very short night (max 72 minutes in Earth's shadow). Therefore ground-based solar has much greater requirement for storage (batteries) or alternate supply to smooth out the drops in supply at night/due to cloud cover.

      Just to name a couple of obvious things that aren't factored in, I'm sure there are others. Yes, I think it will be a while before it becomes practical, but I think the time will probably come.

    23. Re:No they don't by Plunky · · Score: 1

      Yes, yes... But is it usable as a weapon?

      They are peaceful vegetarians, they don't even have any weapons!

    24. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 4, Interesting

      > JAXA intends to test the technology in 2018

      No, they don't. The project died, if it ever existed in any meaningful form, because it never had a budget.

      It was a trial balloon sent up by the space industry to create demand for new rockets. That's the only reason this idea keeps getting floated, as an excuse to make more rockets or heavy launchers.

    25. Re:No they don't by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      I just took a look at that site, and while in general I agree with his conclusions, I am perplexed by some of the math that he uses.

      I don't necessarily agree with his conclusions, but agree that some of his math is...perplexing.

      For instance, he gives a ground-bases system a lifetime of 40 years, but a space-based system a lifetime of only 12 years. Off the top of my head, I can't see any particularly good reason why a space-based system should be shorter-lived than a ground-based system.

      If, instead, he'd assumed a similar lifetime for the space-based system, his conclusions would have been the opposite, since he'd have increased the lifetime output of the space-based system by a factor of 10/3, moving the 40K+ to 130K+ (nearly twice the output of the ground based system).

      Arguably, a space-based system will last less time than a ground-based system. On the other hand, arguably, a ground-based system endures more weather events that can break solar panels, so the reverse may be true as well...

      As to the Tg, it is possible that it will have a better value for the space-based system, since it can be beamed down to a location near where the power will be used (thus reducing line losses). This is not mandatory however, so it's possible space-based Tg will be the same as anywhere else (no reason it should be worse exists, but better is certainly possible). Even with Tg the same as ground-based, space-based solar would come out considerably better than ground-based so long as you assumed essentially identical lifetimes for the systems.

      --

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    26. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 2

      > You've ignored the atmospheric losses suffered by ground-based systems -- clouds, dust, the opacity of air

      No, that's what the insolation number takes care of, I. There's a link right in the article to where this number came from, you can click it, type in your location, and find the number yourself. As I mentioned earlier, it definitely includes "clouds, dust, the opacity of air", as well as geometric pointing errors, day/night cycle, and even reflection off snow and dirt on the panels.

      > you're also being much more generous in estimating the potential lifetime of ground-based systems

      As the links at the bottom of the article note, these are real-world numbers as measured on real systems that have been in the field for decades. If you have better numbers, fine...

      PROVIDE YOUR REFERENCES AND DO THE MATH YOURSELF!

      > though that depends on how much we value land taken up by solar arrays

      Or rectennas. You recall that SPSS's have a downlink portion, right?

    27. Re:No they don't by avandesande · · Score: 1

      The analysis seems to miss an important point about the difference of space- zero gravity. I am in the southwest and there are several solar installations in our area and the panels are mounted on some pretty elaborate framework. I wouldn't be surprised if the support structures rival the cost of the actual panels.

      In space you could use extremely thin panels with little or no support.

      --
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    28. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Wow, someone made a stupid blog and you use it as evidence?

      If I shoot a 1kW solar "thingy" into space it can produce power like 22 - 23 hours, minimum, per day.

      Not sure how good the orbit can be for a random place on earth.

      Afterwards you only need to beam it down, the math is a no brainer.

      The question is launch costs and what the delievered energy might cost in the end.

      --
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    29. Re:No they don't by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      By travelling at 17,000.1km/h.

      srs answer

      --
      Mostly random stuff.
    30. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      I can't see any particularly good reason why a space-based system should be shorter-lived than a ground-based system.

      Radiation. Damage by micrometeorites.

    31. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      In space you could use extremely thin panels with little or no support.

      Except that in geostationary orbit they would have to be tracking the sun, while the downlink needs to stay focused on the ground station. So, they still need some rigidity.

    32. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      by travelling at 17,001km/h?

    33. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      Wow, someone made a stupid blog and you use it as evidence?

      It's his own blog. But it doesn't matter who wrote it, as you can easily verify the math.

    34. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Why do you assume "inefficiency" if it is beamed down by microwaves?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    35. Re:No they don't by ComputerGeek01 · · Score: 2

      It certainly won't happen until we get better tech, but never say "never". But TFA is about some 93 year old retired Chinese geezer "mulling" the idea. He is speaking only for himself, and has no budget whatsoever. There is no "news" here.

      Putting solar panels on high altitude kites or balloons may make a more sense. They would be above most clouds, and could be tilted to always directly face the sun.

      Agreed, this is an interesting discussion topi, but it is not news.

      However on the topic of whether or not this will ever happen I'm pretty sure that we can say it won't, at least not in China. The Gobi dessert is largely under developed and it's not getting any smaller. The US has already shown the utility of putting solar panels in areas like this with the power production projects that are going on in Nevada and Arizona. If China really wants to get above cloud cover then they can put them up on the Altai mountains. Personally I have no idea how active that fault line is, but I'm sure it would more economical then putting solar power collectors in space.

    36. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2

      ofc it had no budget.

      (*facepalm*)

      That does not change the fact that the math is pretty solid and it would work.

      The problem is to build such a solar station in orbit, not to fund it, or to make a profit from it.

      Or how exactly would YOU assemble a structure 100x100 meters or even 2x2 km in square in GEO?

      Why do you seek problems where are none and are so blind to see the obvious obstacles?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    37. Re:No they don't by kheldan · · Score: 1

      More likely it's an excuse to have an orbital weapons platform or massive surveillance platform.

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    38. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It all pales in comparison to the effect on weather of all the super heated ionized air columnated along the beam coming down.

    39. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah because the cost to lift a panel up to my roof is about the same as the cost of putting one in geosynchronous orbit.

    40. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      geosync just means that the object is in such an orbit that it is always "above" the same position on the planet. And yes it should be possible to park a satellite high enough in orbit to always have a direct line to the sun.

      As to solar cell degradation: WTF?! OMGFGWTFBBQ!!!1!!!111 Man we need a recall on all of those satellites and probes with solar panels augmenting their reactors(if any) ASAP...

      Space: shortening life spans as a harsh environment?! Really?! Or do you mean a deadly environment if not wearing protective gear? Just asking, as I generally don't notice astronauts croaking an sooner than they'd likely do otherwise.

      Realistically any useful space based power plan would have to be relatively ginormous, so yes that would increase likelihood of some section of panels being hit by micrometeors and meteors(really the only harsh thing that I can see about space for a properly designed system) although presumably any useful system would be placed in a very "high" orbit out of the main junk belt leaving only random chance naturally occuring micrometeors and meteors. It'd be interesting to see what the probability of that is given that IIRC I don't remember any spacestation, vehicles, or satellites being taken out by those yet and given how many satellites have lasted well beyond their design lifetimes makes me hesitant to give any credence to the lifespan claim.

      Transmission problems: I believe that he is trying to make the point that even though the solar satellite power station would be well above and beyond any terrestial weather influence, beaming(in some form or other) to ground WOULD be affected by said weather.

      I really think the problem here is one of scale. As I wouldn't even consider a space based solar generation plant unless it was going to be large enough to well exceed any expected needed capacity for quite some time(decades or centuries), and such a large system would be large and expensive to build, i.e. beyond current capabilities. But either way a system generating excess capacity to that magnitude any transmission loss could be entirely ignored. Also any space based solar installation, presumably would exceed whatever rating terrestial panels had assuming anyone was stupid enough to build one with panels designed for terrestrial use. At a wild ass guess, I'd presume that the panel ratings are probabilistically realistic for terrestial use rather than pure theoretical ideal(vacuum) condition application which space is a ver close approximation thereof.

    41. Re:No they don't by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      As solar tech gets better, it gets equally better for all applications. There would have to be some inherent advantage to an orbital installation that outweighs the humongous inefficiency of all the rockets, all the orbital construction, and the losses from converting to microwaves or lasers that you pass through 100km of atmosphere before converting into electricity.

      That is incredibly unlikely without some other super-mega sci-fi project like a space elevator.

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    42. Re:No they don't by funwithBSD · · Score: 1

      How do they defend themselves against Englishmen armed with bananas?

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    43. Re:No they don't by funwithBSD · · Score: 1

      For the same reason water boils in your microwave so efficiently.

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    44. Re:No they don't by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      Because microwaves don't travel for free through an atmosphere?

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    45. Re:No they don't by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

      Physics.

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    46. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      as I generally don't notice astronauts croaking an sooner than they'd likely do otherwise.

      Radiation is a serious problem for astronauts, but they are partially protected by earth's magnetic field, the space station, their short stay, and the body's own repair system. For panels in geostationary orbit, the magnetic field is weaker, the panels aren't protected and they must operate for years.

    47. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Given that I am not a rocket scientist I just realized that I made an assumption about satellites in geosync orbits - that I don't know if the inclination of the earth is such that a satellite in a geosync orbit is always in sunlight.

      Physics to the rescue! A geosynchronous satellite orbits the earth with a period of 24 hrs, creating the illusion (from our point of view on the ground) that the satellite is stationary. To complete the illusion, the orbit should be over the equator or the satellite will appear to drift N-S over the course of the day.

      For a circular orbit, the period, T, is related to the distance from the center of the earth, r, the mass of the earth, M, and the gravitational constant, G, as
      T = 2 \pi r^{3/2} / \sqrt{G M}
      which, after putting in the numbers, gives a height above the ground for geosynchronous orbits of about 35000 km, or about 5 earth radii. Definitely low enough to get caught in the earth's shadow.

      If you're looking for permanent sunlight, the L4 and L5 Lagrange points are where you want to be, but now the distances are on the order of 100-million kilometers, which makes beaming power back difficult (but if you bring a sun-screen, they're a great place to put astronomical telescopes).

      -JS

    48. Re:No they don't by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      I presume that the panel systems you stare at were not launched out of a deep gravity well.... Satellites need to be both robust and light weight. And simple. And redundant. And cost effective.

      It's rocket science! It ain't easy.

      --
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    49. Re:No they don't by avandesande · · Score: 1

      You can envision something with an umbrella or sail like structure with carbon fiber supports. Perhaps the panels would be actually manufactured in zero-g and take advantage of novel properties of crystal growth in this environment.
      The point is the actual structures would not resemble anything we have on earth.

      --
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    50. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean the same people that endlessly promote utter nonsense?

      http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9705/2...

      How's that coming along? You space fanbois are either extremely naive, stupid, or masochistic. Probably all three.

      But wait! There's a much closer one! How's the Solaren deal with PG&E working out?

      http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3019...

      2016!

      LOL!!! You guys are nuts.

    51. Re:No they don't by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Since the space based system isn't exposed to regular moisture or oxidation though I'd bet most of it would actually last longer rather than less. The exception being the electronics package due to the aforementioned radiation, though that should be something you could deal with by putting in some redundancy, hardening and shielding. (obviously at some cost though the area protected wouldn't be particularly large).

    52. Re:No they don't by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Or how exactly would YOU assemble a structure 100x100 meters or even 2x2 km in square in GEO?

      Create a modular design and use remotely operated drones to assemble it.

    53. Re:No they don't by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      Quebec has a massive electricity surplus and technology always gets better. What's wrong with a superconductor grid spreading power where it's needed?

      --
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    54. Re:No they don't by Translation+Error · · Score: 4, Funny

      Forget that! We need to go directly to the source and put the panels on the sun!

      --
      When someone says, "Any fool can see ..." they're usually exactly right.
    55. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 2

      Since the space based system isn't exposed to regular moisture or oxidation though I'd bet most of it would actually last longer rather than less.

      It's subject to radiation, such as electrons and protons. If these hit the panel with enough energy, they will knock out silicon atoms, creating defects in the crystalline structure. Over time, this will cause the power output to drop.

    56. Re:No they don't by Too+Much+Noise · · Score: 1

      You're making two assumptions that, I would submit, undermine your argument to some extent.

      The first one is no technological progress - and with it, a corrolary that the only PV tech worth pursuing is the one working at ground level, protected by a thick atmosphere. I would expect a trade-off between conversion efficiency and lifetime to be the tech play to follow for space PV pannels - meaning different materials, different ideas that would perhaps not be economical at ground level. The constraints are different up there, and in the long run we will need some sort of space-based solar energy capture tech, as there's just too much to do off-planet once a suitable jump point is established to scale down costs. Heck, even lunar settlements will need this. Moreover, for a system with high enough fault tolerance/robustness/etc, the solar station does not even have to be placed in Earth's orbit - Earth's Lagrange points would make more sense, even if transmission will have to solve a somewhat thornier problem, so lower efficiency traded of for longer lifetime could be compensated by higher illumination. Further down the road, heliocentric orbits for multiple stations and/or multiple relays might turn out to be a must, especially if humankind ends up needing power all over the inner solar system.

      The second assumption is that any solar power station has to be photovoltaic. I would expect thermoelectric to be quite interesting, at least in the short term. Longer than the current launch-cost constraints, I would not be surprised to see viable alternatives that we're not even imagining yet, mainly due to the fact that 'what works well on the ground does not work as well in space' (as you already said) is not a one-way relationship - things will probably end up working well in space that would be silly to try on the ground.

      The main problem, currently, is costs. When (not if) that is solved, any space-based solar power system has a heck of a potential to scale. Besides, for now any solar station will very likely be more about advancing technology than actual power generation. One needs to start with a first step in order to reach the 10th step.

    57. Re:No they don't by amaurea · · Score: 1

      >Or rectennas. You recall that SPSS's have a downlink portion, right?

      The necessary size of the rectenna is set by the size of the microwave beam as it hits the earth, isn't it? Wouldn't that make its size not grow with the size of the array of solar panels in space? In fact, if all the sending antennas work as a single phased array, wouldn't you expect the beam to become smaller as you make the space array bigger?

    58. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > Off the top of my head, I can't see any particularly good reason why a space-based
      > system should be shorter-lived than a ground-based system.

      The reasons are very clearly explained right there and I even linked to the real-world articles I took the numbers from.

      >he 'd assumed a similar lifetime for the space-based system

      Look at the image at the top of the page. Do you see it? That's Mir's solar panels after about *10 years*. Hubble replaced its panels twice over a period of 13 years. Space absolutely sucks for solar panels.

      > Arguably, a space-based system will last less time than a ground-based system.

      There's no "arguing" involved, we've had panels in space and on the ground for decades and we know very well how long these things last.

      Click the links, it's not like they're going to bite you.

    59. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not better tech. Better physics and economics.

    60. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > ofc it had no budget.

      Then they couldn't be intending "to test the technology in 2018", could they? You need *actual money* to build *actual hardware*.

      It was a trial balloon, precisely like this one. Free press for a slow news day.

      > That does not change the fact that the math is pretty solid and it would work.

      Go right ahead and demonstrate the math in question. Develop from the CAPEX side through to the LCoE. Include OPEX and regulatory loads, if you care to.

      Or you could save yourself the trouble and use the spreadsheet I developed. Where should I send it?

    61. Re:No they don't by magarity · · Score: 2

      You know what makes even more sense than that? Putting solar panels on fucking rooftops or on the ground.

      It's a vicious circle; Have you not seen the pictures from Beijing? There isn't much solar energy getting through the existing smog for panels to cut down on the coal power to cut down on the smog....

    62. Re:No they don't by garyisabusyguy · · Score: 1

      It is still easier to place solar panel farms a few hundred miles from Beijing and build transmission lines than to put them in orbit or the stratosphere

      --
      Wherever You Go, There You Are
    63. Re:No they don't by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Why would you have sunlight shining directly on your orbital panels? That would be stupid, you would be much better off putting them on Earth. What you want to do is put up massive mylar parabolic reflectors, possibly many km across and stabilized by photon pressure and/or gyroscopic effects, that concentrate sunlight onto extremely high-power photovoltaics. Orbital reflectors can cost practically nothing to deploy and maintain, unlike their Earth-side counterparts which must be built strong enough to survive gravity, weather, and life, and will consume land area that could be put to other use or allowed to lie fallow for ecosystem restoration. (especially important for island nations)

      And microwave lasers (aka masers - a technology that predates lasers considerably) actually make incredible sense for beaming the power back to Earth, since the atmosphere is extremely transparent to microwaves. Of course even a tightly focused maser will spread out after 36,000km, so you'll need massive receiving antennas on Earth covering many square kilometers, especially if you want to avoid cooking everything in the airspace alive, but power density could easily be many times the palty 1kW/m^2 of sunlight, and microwave mirrors and antennas are a much more rugged, simple, and efficient technology than optical mirrors and photovoltaics.

      Plus, if you're willing to put up with the bureaucracy, you can probably get your military interested in testing its potential as an orbital death ray, dramatically improving the funding available for at least the early facilities.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    64. Re:No they don't by magarity · · Score: 2

      Yes, obviously. My post was mainly to inject some mildly ironic humor.

    65. Re:No they don't by Ian+A.+Shill · · Score: 1

      Forget that! We need to go directly to the source and put the panels on the sun!

      +1 Insightful as fuark.

      --
      For hire.
    66. Re:No they don't by Immerman · · Score: 2

      >That is incredibly unlikely without some other super-mega sci-fi project like a space elevator.

      Or mirrors? A multi-km parabolic orbital mirror can be built out of only thin mylar and a minimal stabilizing structure - with only minor construction, launch, and maintenance costs. You can then use that for extremely large-scale, high concentration photovoltaics, of the sort that just aren't feasible on Earth at almost any price.

      As for microwave lasers (aka masers - old enough technology that lasers were originally called "optical masers"), the whole point of using such things is that the atmosphere is almost perfectly transparent to microwaves. Unlike sunlight which sees ~30% losses to atmospheric absorption, microwaves mostly make it all the way to the ground. And then, since you're basically dealing with high-frequency radio waves, further concentration and conversion to electricity is relatively straightforward and efficient.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    67. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your analysis is oversimplified. The principal advantages of solar power from space are that it is constant - it could provide base load power, which terrestrial solar can not - and that vast areas of desert do not need to be covered with solar panels.

      I agree with your points that the costs of sending solar panels into orbit with chemical rockets would be prohibitively expensive, and the efficiency may be lower, but these problems could be overcome through technology. I can't see any reason why solar panels could not be constructed and deployed in space, in principle, even if the technology to do so does not currently exist.

      So I wouldn't say it "doesn't work, even in theory."

    68. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Geostationary orbit is where the satellite is continuously over a point on the equator from its orbital altitude.

      Geosynchronous orbit is when a satellite has an orbital period arranged to pass over the same area of the Earth on each orbit. If you're looking for spying or observing a specific location.

      The only orbit that allows for a satellite to stay continuously in light is to launch into a polar orbit along the day/night terminator. However, this is not a permanent arrangement to be in and eventually will need orbital adjustments as the Earth's position changes versus the sun. A recent example was the SMAP craft which had a 3-minute launch window just before dawn.

    69. Re:No they don't by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      You know what makes even more sense than that? Putting solar panels on fucking rooftops or on the ground.

      On a roof or ground, you have the cost of the panel, plus frame and mounts. You also have reduced output, and maintenance costs from dust. You have reduced output from atmosphere and clouds. And after all that, cut the output in half again because of the varying angle over the day and through the seasons. Put it on a stratospheric kite, balloon, or kite-balloon-hybrid, and you can easily double or triple your output. Is it worth it? I dunno.

    70. Re:No they don't by rgbatduke · · Score: 1

      Hmmm, makes no sense as a means of generating electricity. But what can a government do with gigawatt masers in orbit, hmmmm...

      Makes great sense if one wishes to rule the world. Thus spake Brainithustra.

      rgb

      --
      Even when the experts all agree, they may well be mistaken. --- Bertrand Russell.
    71. Re:No they don't by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 1

      Hi Maury,

      * Spectrolab rates their space solar panels for 20 years at GEO: http://www.spectrolab.com/Data.... Since they don't need to withstand weather, they can be much lighter than ground-mounted panels. 13 W/kg for a typical ground panel (not counting mounting and tracker) vs 177 W/kg for the space ones. That has implications for the energy payback time if you manufacture the panels in space.

      * Your comparison of operating hours neglects that in space you have 36% higher insolation, because there is no atmospheric absorption. Therefore it takes fewer cells to produce the same output. Also the Nevada desert is an excellent location on Earth. The average location on Earth gets considerably worse hours of sunlight. Since we can't transmit power all over the Earth, cherry-picking a good location is unfair.

    72. Re:No they don't by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      It's still a current project:

      http://www.ard.jaxa.jp/researc...
      http://www8.cao.go.jp/space/pl...

      They are exhibited it recently: http://global.jaxa.jp/area/ssp...

      They took a major step forwards with the technology only weeks ago: http://phys.org/news/2015-03-j...

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    73. Re:No they don't by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      You may have missed the point of the linked article. If you improve the tech of the panels, then the relative advantage of mounting them on the ground *improves*.

      That is true if the efficiency of the panels improve, but nothing else changes.
      But tech can improve in many ways:
      1. The panels may get much lighter, till they weigh as much as a sheet of mylar.
      2. Launch tech improves, and brings the cost of cargo to orbit way down.
      3. The tech for transmitting and receiving power through space improves.

    74. Re:No they don't by Eloking · · Score: 1

      This stupid idea gets floated every few years. It doesn't work, even in theory. Do the math yourself.

      https://matter2energy.wordpress.com/2012/03/17/the-maury-equation-redux/

      Basically your link tell us there's 50% lost in the microwave/laser transmission and that a solar power plan have a life time of ~12 years compared to ground based solar power plan with ~40 years (which is calculated as a 70% lost).

      It's interesting at most, but those two factor are clearly not set in stone and could evolve with the advancement of the technologies.

      --
      Elok
    75. Re:No they don't by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Sure that can happen. I'd want to see some numbers on how much of a problem it really is though.

    76. Re:No they don't by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      That is incredibly unlikely without some other super-mega sci-fi project like a space elevator.

      Or a lunar mass driver. Panels are made from silicon. The moon has plenty. So refine the silicon into ingots on the moon, launch them using a mass driver toward a zero-G manufacturing plant that converts then into panels.

    77. Re:No they don't by idji · · Score: 1

      where have all the shark comments gone?

    78. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, and no matter what, it'll always be easier to set it up on Earth. Space is not required, it's simply a kind of quixotic ideal for a certain kind of nerd who refuses to grow up.

      It's quite simple: If we *could* do it, we wouldn't *need* to. Meditate on that for a while.

    79. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, yes... But is it usable as a weapon?

      This is more insightful than some may realize. They already tested destroying a sat from earth. Think of how much easier it would be do do it from space. Whops our alignment was off sorry US all your sat are boom.

    80. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > A geosynchronous satellite orbits the earth with a period of 24 hrs,
      The period is actually one sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds), not one solar day.

      The orbital radius for GEO is 42,164 km, which is ~6.6 times the earth's radius, so it wouldn't be spending much time in shadow. (a bit under 5%)

    81. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's too bad that we don't have decades of proof that solar panels on satellites will operate reliably in space.

    82. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > That is true if the efficiency of the panels improve

      No, it's true in almost all cases.

      Take a cell and put it in space and it will deliver less power. Period. It doesn't make a difference if your launchers get cheaper, or your cells get lighter, delivering less power is delivering less power. Unless your invention makes space launches cost negative dollars, you lose.

      1. The panels may get much lighter, till they weigh as much as a sheet of mylar.

      Does not help, less power is less power.

      But that makes them lighter on the ground too, which lowers their install cost there. And thin cells like this would be perfect for putting in shingles, which makes every residential house and garage a collector.

      2. Launch tech improves, and brings the cost of cargo to orbit way down.

      Does not help, less power is less power.

      3. The tech for transmitting and receiving power through space improves

      Now this DOES help. However, this is simply a function of basic radio physics. Google up antenna factor some time. The electronics side of thing is pretty much at the efficiency limit already - I've seen solar inverters with 98% DC to AC conversion efficiency, which is pretty astounding if you think about it.

    83. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As a Chinese, thanks for your "encouragement".

    84. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow, someone made a stupid sci-fi story/press release/artist's impression and you use it as evidence?

    85. Re:No they don't by garyisabusyguy · · Score: 1

      I must have put too much sugar in my coffee, I missed the subtle taste of irony

      --
      Wherever You Go, There You Are
    86. Re:No they don't by ralphsiegler · · Score: 1

      Makes perfect sense, no nighttime, panels would have sunlight more than 90% of the time. Loss in transmission would be low with microwaves, could be sent to ground based rectanna of tens of square miles with 80% efficiency, and the power density per square unit area kept within safe limits for living things. Look up facts before you spew.

    87. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > Spectrolab rates their space solar panels for 20 years at GEO

      This is not the 20% degradation point I use in my article, this is the "totally dead" point. The "totally dead" point for the average solar panel on earth is unknown, because they haven't been in service long enough to know. All we know for sure is that the vast majority of panels installed in 1982 are still working just fine today (and I know examples from the 1970s). Some have suggested the totally dead point for panels on the ground is at about 100 years, although I suspect silver migration and back-rot will reduce that to the 50 year mark.

      Interesting notes though: one is that the lifetime in GEO is higher than LEO which is higher than MEO. Given radiation flux is higher as you go up, one might conclude that the main damage mode is debris.

      > Your comparison of operating hours neglects that in space you have 36% higher insolation

      That is included in the "I" number. If I was simply day/night, then it would be 8765/2 = 4382. But the I is 2300 for the ground based panels, which is taking all of those other effects into consideration.

      > cherry-picking a good location is unfair

      What, like GEO? :-) Actually it's not that much of a joke, you'll have to move all the comsats out of the way, which would be fun...

      But fair enough, point taken. You can use PVWatts to pick another location. Or pick from this list:

      Toronto: 1,840
      Calgary: 2,400 (wow!)
      London: 1,302 (yikes, rainy london indeed!)
      Moscow: 1,259

      Looks like the break-even is around Moscow. Remember though, that's just in energy terms... in economic terms, enjoy!

    88. Re:No they don't by ralphsiegler · · Score: 1

      The serious studies by NASA and Japan's JAXA disagree, efficiency not a problem. Just cost compared to building array in desert is the issue.

    89. Re:No they don't by itzly · · Score: 1

      Another problem is coronal mass ejections. Those would most likely require the panels to be rotated in a safe position, with the thin edge facing the sun for the duration of the event.

      There goes the base load solution.

    90. Re:No they don't by ralphsiegler · · Score: 1

      Compared to sunlight they do better, for frequency of 100GHz only 20% absorbed. Sweeter spot below 50GHz where only 5% absorbed. The real argument is cost, it's just silly to put in space when you can put massive arrays in deserts for less than tenth of cost to get the same energy.

    91. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The concept of a space elevators will be obsolete if reusable launching systems are developed.

    92. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > Wouldn't that make its size not grow with the size of the array of solar panels in space

      Ahhh, well that depends on how high you're allowed to push the energy density of the beam.

      Current international limits are 50 W/m^2. The sun at noon is 1000 W/m^2, so by that standard the rectenna is going to be very large indeed.

      I seem to recall projections on beam energies around 1250 W/m^2, but now I can't seem to find anything over 40 W/m^2:

      http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/spacepower/spacepower01.html
      http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1779

      I have to be missing something here though, because I recall rectenna size projections being about 60% the size of a PV field of the same peak. Let me dig into this a bit more...

      In the meantime, Do The Math digs a little deeper into that: http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-math/2012/03/space-based-solar-power/

    93. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solar Power generation probably won't be useful/cost effective for Earth's energy needs unless we manage to make space elevators.

    94. Re:No they don't by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > The first one is no technological progress

      So think about the *entire universe* of possible technological advances over time. Draw that as a rectangle.

      Now think about all of the technical advances within that rectangle that improve solar power collection at any level. Draw a circle to cover that area. Did you do 10% of the rectangle? 20%? Excellent.

      Now draw a circle representing all of the advances in the rectangle that improve solar power collection *only in space*. Draw a circle. That circle will be much smaller, and intersect the first one you drew almost entirely. In the sections that don't overlap you basically have three items, more efficient visible light lasers (more than 50% socket to light, to be exact), lightweight space structures, orders of magnitude lower launch costs.

      Now throw darts at the wall. See how often you hit that section.

      See the problem?

      Now for fun, multiply the areas by the amount of money being spent on each of those.

      > The second assumption is that any solar power station has to be photovoltaic

      Read my last sentence above a second time.

    95. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      An electric kettle is more efficient than a microwave oven for boiling water.

      http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-math/2012/05/burning-desire-for-efficiency/

    96. Re:No they don't by blue9steel · · Score: 1

      Well, personally I think the whole PV in space plan is the wrong approach, we really should be talking about orbital solar concentrators instead.

      Specifically about CMEs, I know they reduce cosmic radiation but increase proton damage, how big a deal that is for this sort of project I honestly don't know. I do know that the solution doesn't have to be perfect for it to be useful. The most likely outcome in the future is that we're going to be using a broad range of power sources rather than the "one true source of power".

    97. Re:No they don't by samwichse · · Score: 1

      How do you get rid of the heat, though?

      Concentrating all that sunlight on a dark object (solar cell) in space, and the only way to get rid of the heat is by radiating it... I just don't see how it's possible.

    98. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "The principal advantages of solar power from space are that it is constant"

      It clearly isn't as the whole thing will start aging the second you turn it on, assuming it could ever be built. It can't, so that's moot.

      ", but these problems could be overcome through technology."

      The same technology also applies to things already here.

        So I wouldn't say it "doesn't work, even in theory."

      You should, though.

    99. Re:No they don't by HiThere · · Score: 1

      If you're going to do it on a large scale, why use solar cells rather than mirrors and steam engines. You do loose some power in transmission, agreed, but I think steam engines are probably a better approach than solar cells when you start talking about a large system. The problem is reradiation, because space is an excellent insulator, so you're going to need either a huge radiator or a working fluid with a low temperature difference. (You clearly can't void the fluid the way terrestial steam engines do.) Some people talk about a Stirling engine, but because of the heat loss problem I don't think that would work. Water is good in many ways, but heavy. Perhaps ammonia would be better.

      And there's also the question of who benefits? If the main goal is to be able to transmit power to other sattelites in orbit this can be a reasonable thing, and might even be reasonable with solar cells. If you're doing it for customers on earth, you need a geostationary orbit, which means huge transmission problems, or a fairly low orbit which means huge alignment problems, and the need for several power sattelites. (The transmission problems, though lower, are still large.)

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    100. Re:No they don't by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      Look at the image at the top of the page. Do you see it? That's Mir's solar panels after about *10 years*. Hubble replaced its panels twice over a period of 13 years. Space absolutely sucks for solar panels.

      The Hubble panels were replaced to provide more power, not because the panels were broken.

      Note that since the last Hubble solar panel upgrade, Hubble has operated for longer than 12 years (13 so far). Currently, they're expecting the Hubble to be operational for another three years. At least.

      So, with Hubble as a data point, and 2002-era solar panels, we're seeing an expected lifetime of 16+ years (there's no particular reason to believe Hubble is going to fail due to solar panel problems as opposed to other issues).

      Note that 16 year lifetime for the solar panels would increase the numbers for the space-based system by 1/3. Still behind the ground-based system, but not by very much (~89%, comparing 2002-era solar panels in space to 2015-era panels on the ground). And that's a MINIMUM for the space-based system....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    101. Re:No they don't by powerlord · · Score: 2

      Forget that! We need to go directly to the source and put the panels on the sun!

      Won't work. What happens at night?
      We need Solar Panels on the Moon too!
      Duh!

      --
      This space for rent. All reasonable inquiries will be entertained at proprietors discretion.
    102. Re:No they don't by MattskEE · · Score: 1

      That does not change the fact that the math is pretty solid and it would work.

      You haven't done the math or cited any.

      There is a big efficiency problem in space-based solar with the double conversion from DC to RF/laser and back to DC. Total efficiency neglecting transmission loss is about 64% (80% twice). Then you have to invert it back to AC usually, but that is also needed for terrestrial solar.

      So 35% power is thrown away, but since the sun is stronger in space without atmospheric attenuation, and there are no clouds, some of that will be made up.

      So to a first approximation the power per unit of panel area is the same from space as it is on earth.

      Now factor in launch costs which are tremendous (even if SpaceX succeeds in yet another 10x reduction in launch costs as claimed) and the difficulty performing maintenance in space versus on land, and I don't see a strong case. Installation costs on land are around $1/watt, I'd like to see you come within a factor of 10 of that in space.

    103. Re:No they don't by Ranbot · · Score: 1

      You missed his point. Microwaves create heat when they hit water, which can be demonstrated by any kitchen microwave. There is water in the atmosphere. Therefore, beaming microwaves through a water-rich atmosphere can create heat.

    104. Re:No they don't by amaurea · · Score: 1

      Current international limits are 50 W/m^2. The sun at noon is 1000 W/m^2, so by that standard the rectenna is going to be very large indeed.

      50 W/m^2 is absurd! One of the biggest problems with solar power is how much space it takes. Restricting yourself to 50 W/m^2 means that all things equal (which they wouldn't be, but still) you would be doing 20 times worse than normal solar power. For there to be any point in solar power satellites the flux in the beam must be much higher than the Sun's flux.

      Are you sure 50 W/m^2 isn't just for some pathfinder experiments? It seems silly to have the same limits for radiation inside a power beam as everywhere else. It's a bit like having the same air quality standard inside a fireplace as in a city.

    105. Re:No they don't by oDDmON+oUT · · Score: 1

      Crap, there's another bubble burst by pesky mathematics.

      --
      Some days it's just not worth
      chewing through my restraints.
    106. Re:No they don't by Ranbot · · Score: 1

      ...And microwave lasers (aka masers - a technology that predates lasers considerably) actually make incredible sense for beaming the power back to Earth, since the atmosphere is extremely transparent to microwaves. Of course even a tightly focused maser will spread out after 36,000km, so you'll need massive receiving antennas on Earth covering many square kilometers, especially if you want to avoid cooking everything in the airspace alive...

      So, if beaming this energy back to the earth in microwaves will cook everything in the airspace between the transmitter and collector, how does this help combat global warming? There is water in the atmosphere afterall that I presume would be warmed by micro waves passing through it, much like a glass of water in a kitchen microwave. Has anyone calculated those residual heat effects of beaming lasers/microwaves through our atmosphere? My gut says there would be excess heat transmitted directly into our atmosphere derived from converted sun rays that would have normally bounced harmlessly off the Earth's atmosphere or even missed the planet entirely. I'd love for my gut to be proven wrong though if someone has that data.

    107. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My first reaction to this story was: "Why would scientists be planning what is clearly an engineering project?"

    108. Re:No they don't by Sibko · · Score: 1

      Maury, the problems with your math are mostly in your base assumptions - that you presume solar cells in space produces the same amount of power as solar cells on Earth. That is not, in fact, correct. Also incorrect is your Ts value, ("Ts is the loss between the two antennas") for which you give 50% efficiency, but the paper you cite gives 89-96.5%; I looked for other sources and they corroborate ~90%+ transmission+conversion efficiency for rectennas.

      Sunlight from the sun has to get through the atmosphere around earth, and the earth has rotation that puts it out of direct sunlight every so many hours. Peak solar energy production is for just a few hours per day. Where you place a transmission loss on a space-based solar array, you do not put a transmission loss on the ground-based solar array. This is essentially the crux of the mistake.

      The sun is the transmitter, and the earth's atmosphere is pretty good at deflecting a certain amount of that, especially if water gets involved (clouds, storms). This is a problem that radio/microwave-based transmission avoids, as the atmosphere is more transparent to the beamed radiation than the sunlight reaching the surface of the Earth. A solar cell in orbit will be in sunlight almost permanently, and with nothing between it and the energy source (the sun), there is essentially zero transmission loss.

    109. Re:No they don't by fatboy · · Score: 1

      This stupid idea gets floated every few years. It doesn't work, even in theory. Do the math yourself.

      I have. No way in hell that is going to work efficiently. 185dB of attenuation from Geosync, best case.

      --
      --fatboy
    110. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Too bad they're assuming non-existent technologies. You can assume anything you want, but what happened to the geek skepticism? The "extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof" idea?

    111. Re: No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Er... it doesn't matter *how* reusable a launch system might get. An elevator can haul both humans & bulk tonnage at reasonable Gee forces. Rockets are kind of bad for shipping fragile items (including humans, animals, and just about anything mechanical).

    112. Re:No they don't by jwdb · · Score: 1

      What on earth are you talking about? It most certainly works, as in there's absolutely no impediment to beaming power down from space - it's what the sun does. The only thing your article shows is that if you use the same size solar array in space as you do on earth, and for a given loss (which I can't find in that source it links), you get less power over their lifetime. Given a fixed number of collectors it may be more efficient to deploy them on earth, but that doesn't imply it doesn't work.

      As for why you might want solar cells in space anyway, just off the top of my head consider:

      • That land is a precious resource, and if the population keeps growing in the long run it will be more economical to put those cells in orbit rather than on land.
      • That there's a lot more space up at 36,000 km, so you can have a lot more cells than down on earth, and a higher total power generation.
    113. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

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    114. Re:No they don't by Trogre · · Score: 1

      Interesting page.

      A minor nitpick:

      You present the equation E = R x I x L x T

      with T being the loss in transmission between the supply and demand.

      I don't believe transmission loss is usually reversed to mean efficiency, so your formula would have the energy delivered increase as the transmission loss increases. Perhaps you mean:

      E = R x I x L x (1.0-T)

      or

      E = R x I x L x F

      Where F is the normalised efficiency of the transmission between the supply and demand.

      Also, I assume you have allowed for the fact that more distant geostationary solar arrays spend less time in Earth's shadow so have more illumination per year.

      --
      "Nine times out of ten, starting a fire is not the best way to solve the problem." - my wife
    115. Re:No they don't by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      Radiating heat is not the only way to remove the energy from the sun.
      The most obvious other way is converting it in to electricity. Increasing the efficiency of the solar cell reduces the amount of heat that needs to be removed.

    116. Re:No they don't by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      They'll be able to cook entire cities of popcorn filled houses.
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

    117. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What's it like inside your head?

    118. Re:No they don't by Neil+Boekend · · Score: 1

      Inclination is 23 deg. This is sufficient for 100% sunlight in geostationary orbit.

      --
      Well, I might have a way, but it only works on a semi spherical planet in a vacuum.
    119. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's subject to radiation, such as electrons and protons. If these hit the panel with enough energy, they will knock out silicon atoms.

      Ah, that electrons! If only we didn't have so many of them.

    120. Re:No they don't by TemporalBeing · · Score: 1

      You know what makes even more sense than that? Putting solar panels on fucking rooftops or on the ground.

      On a roof or ground, you have the cost of the panel, plus frame and mounts. You also have reduced output, and maintenance costs from dust. You have reduced output from atmosphere and clouds. And after all that, cut the output in half again because of the varying angle over the day and through the seasons. Put it on a stratospheric kite, balloon, or kite-balloon-hybrid, and you can easily double or triple your output. Is it worth it? I dunno.

      Problem then becomes weight. They're not light (no pun intended); and either you have to tether it or you're back to microwave/laser transmission with less control over placement due to winds than there is in space.

      --
      Truth is like the sun. You can shut it out for a time, but it ain't goin' away. - Elvis Presley (source: imdb.com)
    121. Re:No they don't by TemporalBeing · · Score: 1

      Makes perfect sense, no nighttime, panels would have sunlight more than 90% of the time. Loss in transmission would be low with microwaves, could be sent to ground based rectanna of tens of square miles with 80% efficiency, and the power density per square unit area kept within safe limits for living things. Look up facts before you spew.

      That's actually not a big problem. It just means you push the panels far enough away from the earth that they can interface with a series of geo-synchronous satellites that are used to transmit the power from the collector to the ground station such that all of them take turns in transmitting the signal to the ground relay satellite (collector -> geo-sync array -> relay -> ground station). Now, power is loss with each transmission, but space being space it's probably still quite efficient.

      --
      Truth is like the sun. You can shut it out for a time, but it ain't goin' away. - Elvis Presley (source: imdb.com)
    122. Re:No they don't by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      Seems unlikely to be significant. In any case it's a single finite additional heat input, whereas carbon emissions are continuous.

    123. Re:No they don't by Keith+Henson · · Score: 1

      Maury, if you want to attack a kind of renewable energy, you should pick a better way. It's cost rather than any other factor that makes the difference.

      If you use levelized cost of electric power for electrical from space it turns out that the cost depends entirely on the capital investment since there is no fuel.

      Capital investment depends on the cost to buy the parts and the shipping to get them to GEO. Cost of parts, including the rectenna is about $1100 per kW. This is based on steam turbines, which are about three times as efficient as current low cost PV. Analysis of the mass indicates they will mass about 6.5 kg/kW. That includes the concentrators, boilers, turbines, condenser/radiators, the transmitter and a frame to hold it all together.

      This paper (preprint, but it's been published) https://drive.google.com/file/... shows how a substantial parts flow to GEO would cost less than $200/kg. That makes the whole thing come in at less than $2400/kW or 3 cents per kWh.

      Coal costs 4 cents per kWh, so power from space (if this analysis is correct) would undercut coal.

      Fastest this could happen is 2023 assuming Reaction Engines delivers as promised in 2021. On the kind of fast growth you would expect from something making a very high level of profit, power from space would completely displace more expensive fossil fuels by the early 2030s.

      If you think that's a good idea, you might want to analyze power satellites from the end point of producing power for less than electricity from coal.

      --
      End MGM. Get prospective parents of boys to Google: Men do complain
    124. Re:No they don't by Too+Much+Noise · · Score: 1

      In the sections that don't overlap you basically have three items, more efficient visible light lasers (more than 50% socket to light, to be exact), lightweight space structures, orders of magnitude lower launch costs.

      I was going to point out how your list is arbitrary (visible light lasers? try masers; and I take it launch costs were a hidden factor in that 'equation,' right?) and not even consistent with your blog post (should be larger, I'll put that to getting carried away by ... imagination) but then I read your next sentence.

      Now throw darts at the wall. See how often you hit that section.

      See the problem?

      And yes, I do see the problem. To put it bluntly, you have no idea what you're talking about. Must be an interesting universe that you're living in, where research is driven by a dart-sampling-on-a-2D-surface process - and it's good that you picked a 2D surface, otherwise in higher dimensionality spaces you'd have had an awfully low research rate, which would make explaining the ability to post things on /. awkward.

      And so, I apologize for wasting the time of any people who were interested in a meaningful discussion (a circle which apparently does not include the OP, maybe from lack of an adequate dart supply). And to the OP, I wish good luck in promoting his 'equation' and arguing that, as meaningless as it is, a factor of 2 or so of improvements - not even an order of magnitude - has not and cannot ever be overcome by technological progress. After all, focused research is a myth and it's only a matter of darts until, say, Intel's materials research will yield something entirely unrelated, like a cure for daltonism.

    125. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      AC/DC converters don't have such insane losses.

      Perhaps you typoed and did not want to write "64% loss" but efficiency down to 64%? Even then a AC/DC converter has not an 80% efficiency it is rather 98%

      Also you don't look at the big picture. If you have a lot of solar installations on the surface you also have to pay for a lot of "connections" of those to the grid. If you have a few GEO placed solar plants they can likely beam down to the same pick up. Also you need something for the night.

      However if you have a GEO based plant, you can beam down nearly 24h every day. You have only one point where the plant is connected to the grid. AS transport grids are slowly switching to DC anyway, you don't need an AC/DC converter at the plant side, but use the already existing ones that connect the transport grid to the distribution grid.

      The next thing is solar panels themselves. On ground you basically install looking at the cost per kW. Usually that is simply of the shelf technology, nothing fancy, no high efficiency. However in space -- as you pointed out already -- the main cost factor is launch costs.

      So obviously you launch the best efficiency per kg launch weight. Keep in mind, space based solar panels are rather fragile things. Not framed in an aluminium frame with the aim to withstand storms or other environmental influence.

      So bottom line: no, I did not do the math myself. However the math is not as simple as you imply.

      If you simply take into account hat a solar plant in space produces 100% around the clock, and only drops a few minutes every few days, it already produces like 5 times the amount of power a ground based plant would. Now double the efficiency and you have a factor of 10. Now take into account the grid on ground and you might come close enough that launching is viable.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    126. Re:No they don't by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Late reply so you probably won't see it, but:

      AC/DC converters don't have such insane losses.

      Perhaps you typoed and did not want to write "64% loss" but efficiency down to 64%? Even then a AC/DC converter has not an 80% efficiency it is rather 98%

      You have completely misunderstood my discussion of the losses. I did not write "64% loss" nor did I make a typo, you simply misread it as that. I wrote "Total efficiency neglecting transmission loss is about 64%".

      My aim was discussing the EXTRA loss associated with converting DC energy from the panel in space to radio frequency or laser energy, beaming it to earth, and turning it back into DC energy. The DC to AC inversion loss is shared by both terrestrial and space based, and in some rare cases DC transmission is also now being used. I am not accounting for this as it is common to both terrestrial and space based solar. While low-frequency 60Hz DC to AC inversion can be made quite efficient, the same efficiency is not possible to reach for transmitting power to the ground.

      However in space -- as you pointed out already -- the main cost factor is launch costs. So obviously you launch the best efficiency per kg launch weight.

      This is a good point - launch costs are so high that if you launch it you should spend yet more money on better panels. However, this is raising the already astronomical cost and I don't see how this makes it cost efficient.

      Anyway, I'm happy to be proved wrong especially if it means cheaper energy, but a thorough analysis that completely ignores transmission inefficiencies is not persuasive.

    127. Re:No they don't by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      I must have put too much sugar in my coffee, I missed the subtle taste of irony

      No, you missed the taste of irony because someone put too much (several percent of chromium and vanadium in the steel of your coffee spoon, rendering it something like stainless steel instead of plain old mild steel (it was very unlikely to ever have been pure iron - very little even vaguely pure iron is made these decades).

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
    128. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      And? You do know that only a certain frequency is 'heating water'?
      All the others just pass through it ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    129. Re:No they don't by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      It is not only cost for energy.
      it is the cost for infra structure.

      To have a 1GW delivering installation in a desert you need a 3GW producing (actually more) plant to produce power 1/3 rd of the day in such abundance that you can store it for the other two thirds (depending where the plant is, to where you transport the power and what the time gap is)

      Then you obviously need also the transport infrastructure.

      On the other hand a solar plant with 1GW yield in GEO simply produces 1GW around the clock with no storage, overcapacity etc. involved.

      Ofc course it is unlikely we get launch costs down so much. However you would be safe from plenty of potential hazards in space. And if you look at the big picture, I think launching from Luna would be an cheap option.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  2. Solar panels by hooiberg · · Score: 1

    That is quite surprising, because China is one of the world's biggest manufacturers of solar panels, and has a lot of open area with a lot of sunshine. An much easier and much cheaper solution seems to be at hand. This makes me think that the orbital city-zappe... uh... I mean... solar power plant is not entirely what it appears to be.

    1. Re:Solar panels by camelrider · · Score: 1

      This project would cast a very large shadow.

    2. Re:Solar panels by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which is an excellent method to mitigate global warming.

    3. Re:Solar panels by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      At a "random" place in space, yes, but on earth only for a few minutes every day.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    4. Re:Solar panels by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But not a very dark shadow. This would hardly eclipse the sun when it happens to get in the direct path between you and the sun. The sun is enormous, so despite it being very far away, you'd need a solar array approaching 100km across to actually black it out.

  3. Ah welcome to the 1960s by prefec2 · · Score: 1

    This interesting idea and technological endeavor was proposed in the 1960s maybe it was also proposed before, but that is were I read first about it - in a book from the 1960s. Later they did not build it because it was so incredible expensive to get all the materials up, repair it in space, and keep its focus on the same spot on the ground. Next, they will figure out that placing panels on roofs is much more efficient even though it will not work in their metropolises as the air is too polluted. Anyway, they have enough free country side to go for it.

    1. Re:Ah welcome to the 1960s by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The countrysides are where all the factories are, so it's not much better.

  4. China's new weapon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    China's new weapon, a giant earth searing laser - powered by the sun...

    1. Re:China's new weapon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      after I destroy Washington D.C... I will destroy another major city every hour on the hour. That is, unless, of course, you pay me...one hundred billion dollars.

  5. DEATH RAY by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Send in Bond and his invisible car!

  6. two very valid outcomes. by nimbius · · Score: 1

    Either this system is implemented and a new era of clean, renewable energy from our single star is to be realized from the heart of the orient, or, takeaway from xishuangbanna goes from 15 minutes to 2 for the crispy pork belly.

    --
    Good people go to bed earlier.
  7. Sim City by Bradmont · · Score: 3, Informative

    I remember doing this in SimCity 2000. The downside was that every once in a while the sattelite would stray from its intended target and vapoirse some random building near the receiver....

    1. Re:Sim City by Somebody+Is+Using+My · · Score: 2

      Which makes it a nifty dual-purpose device; it provides power to your cities during peace, and fries your enemies during wartime. It's win-win!

      Get enough of 'em up there, and you can start using the satellites as solar shades too, blocking sunlight - in a very Burnsian fashion - from whomever does not pay.

      Too bad the inefficiencies of microwave transmission make the whole thing a pipe-dream. Might work when we have a space-elevator that can double as an extra-long extension cord but I'm not holding my breath.

    2. Re:Sim City by gman003 · · Score: 1

      Sure, just make sure the security on it is lock-tight. Bad things happen when you let enemies suborn your orbital mirrors (although in that case they were to counter global warming, not for power).

    3. Re:Sim City by chihowa · · Score: 1

      Building there was a zoning violation anyway. Think of it as random and overwhelming enforcement of municipal ordinances!

      On a serious note, simply having the transmitting electronics powered by a coaxial beam from the receiver (that is itself initially powered by a low power pilot beam from the satellite) seems like it would be an effective interlock to prevent a wandering beam.

      From what I've seen, though, it's difficult to make a very tightly focused beam that doesn't lose much of its power to the atmosphere. It's more efficient to use a diffuse downlink beam and a large collection array at the ground, so a wandering beam wouldn't really do much damage.

      --
      If you want a vision of the future, imagine a youtube comments section scrolling - forever.
    4. Re:Sim City by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 2

      We solved that problem early in the Solar Power Satellite studies at Boeing. The microwave transmitter in orbit is a phased array. The reference signal to adjust the phase is a transmitter in the center of the rectenna on the ground, powered by the rectenna. If the beam wanders off target, no reference signal, and the beam is no longer focused.

  8. Can we stop "mulling" things yet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The novelty is starting to wear off this annoying novelty word.

    1. Re:Can we stop "mulling" things yet? by NEDHead · · Score: 1

      Perhaps a vote on the subject: On the left the Mull opponents; on the right the Mull siders.

    2. Re:Can we stop "mulling" things yet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Introducing your moderator: Martin Mull

    3. Re:Can we stop "mulling" things yet? by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      I'd prefer Megan Mullaly if it's the same to you.

      --
      Mostly random stuff.
  9. Fry migrating birds? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What happens to birds, airplanes, etc. flying through the microwave beam?

    1. Re:Fry migrating birds? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Instant stir fry.

  10. I need a conversion by jbmartin6 · · Score: 1

    That's equivalent to 12 of Beijing's Tian'anmen Square, the largest public square in the world, or nearly two New York Central Parks.

    How many football fields is that? (American football). I hope when the specs are released for this space station, the length is reported in Library of Congresses so i can understand it.

    --
    This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    1. Re:I need a conversion by hooiberg · · Score: 1

      5 to 6 square kilometers. Or 125 to 150 square furlong, in equestrian racing units, or 45 to 54 square kilofoot, in freedom units.

    2. Re:I need a conversion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      well it's big enough for a couple tanks to be stymied by some guy waving a flag a few years back...

    3. Re:I need a conversion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Would you prefer Imperial American?

  11. It not being "planned" by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Talking about something and planning it are two different things. It appears whoever submitted this article fabricated the idea that this is being 'planned', or maybe its a problem with reading comprehension. It is clearly not being planned.

  12. But, but, but . . . by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    teh NUKLEAR POEWR!
    Solar space station should support nuclear . . . Until then, nothing will change!

  13. Indeed... by denzacar · · Score: 1

    What's with all the "mulling"?

    --
    Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
  14. and it also serves as WMD by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The idea is not new. Assuming it will work, it can also be used as a WMD. Instead of beaming the energy to the receiving station, the space array can target the energey to whereever in sight. Imaging mega watts of microwave power concerntrated on a city block ... Of course, the weather has to be clear.

  15. TARGETING ERROR. by benjfowler · · Score: 1

    Is it getting a little warm in here?

  16. What about weapon potential? by AndyKron · · Score: 1

    Oops! We accidentally aimed it at Tibet.

  17. There's a couple of problems... by Mysticalfruit · · Score: 1

    1. China lacks a lot of knowledge when it comes to building and maintaining large things in space...
    2. Imagine China could get this to work, there's so much lost in the down link due to the atmosphere you'd need a REALLY powerful microwave emitter or laser, at which point you've now got a death ray in orbit. There are pretty strict rules about NOT militarizing space and nobody would be cool with a country having their own personal death star in orbit.
    3. If instead they decided to use low power, the collector on the ground would have to be so massive, it would have been cheaper to just invest that money into getting fusion to actually work.

    --
    Yes Francis, the world has gone crazy.
    1. Re:There's a couple of problems... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1. China lacks a lot of knowledge when it comes to building and maintaining large things in space...

      No problem, Russia will be glad to help to someone who is at least willing to talk to it.

  18. Makes No Cost Sense by MrSteveSD · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Even if a solar panel in Geosynchronous orbit generated 100x more energy than an equivalent panel on earth (which seems unlikely), it makes no economic sense to put it there since you could put several hundred panels on the Earth's surface for a small fraction of the cost. In fact you could fill an entire football field full of panels for a fraction of the cost of the space based solution. Just through sheer numbers they would generate more than the space-based panel even on a cloudy day.

    Simple repairs are also orders of magnitude cheaper for the ground-based solution.

    1. Re:Makes No Cost Sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Amen to this. Any person who tries to argue in favour of space based solar power collectors beaming it down to earth based on current techonology gets instantly bucketed in the same category of complete idiots who believe in perpetual motion machines. I just don't bother giving them the mental energy to even think about their argument, because it is completely, utterly, economically unviable. And without a space elevator and a means of self-powering it's ascent up it, always will be.

  19. The Chinese advantage by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 4, Interesting

    When your government is full of engineers, not lawyers, and when you can just ignore the flat-earth lobby instead of wasting half your funding fighting their just-because-we-can delays, you can test ideas like this. If it can be made to work, it would mean baseload solar.

    The biggest unknown is the microwave link to send power to Earth. Would locating the receiving antenna ("rectenna") array in the desert avoid weather interference? Would the beam wander? I don't see it as being usable as a weapon because a huge structure in space is easily disabled from the ground.

    The next-biggest unknown is availability of construction materials. After the initial proof of concept, lugging large amounts is metals up the terrestrial gravity well is not goiong to be an option. This is an application for "local" metals, from the Moon or from the Belt. Implementation would have to wait until this supply becomes available.

    1. Re:The Chinese advantage by aNonnyMouseCowered · · Score: 1

      "The next-biggest unknown"

      But it's been pretty well known since Einstein's time that powerful energy sources also make for powerful weapons.

    2. Re:The Chinese advantage by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 1

      > The biggest unknown is the microwave link to send power to Earth.

      We actually have tons of data about this, from all the GEO communications satellites, and rain fade that happens sometimes.

      > The next-biggest unknown is availability of construction materials.

      I was one of the people who worked on this issue while at Boeing. We found that 98% of the materials for a solar power satellite can be obtained from the Moon. A higher percentage are available if you use the Moon + Near Earth Asteroids. We didn't do the numbers for the NEO case back in the 1980's, since we had only discovered ~150 back then vs 12,500 today, and ion thrusters were not fully developed until about the year 2000. A modern study would account for both sources of materials.

    3. Re:The Chinese advantage by the+gnat · · Score: 1

      When your government is full of engineers, not lawyers, and when you can just ignore the flat-earth lobby instead of wasting half your funding fighting their just-because-we-can delays, you can test ideas like this.

      Also useful: when your government is full of unelected bureaucrats who aren't held accountable by voters, completely dominate the news media, and stomp on any popular organization or sentiment that they don't control, and thus are free to ignore the interests of their citizens and instead spend money on wasteful, thinly-disguised military projects.

      (Except, of course, that's not what's actually happening in this case - the article summary makes it sound like "OMG China will dominate space", because of course that's more interesting than "superannuated Chinese scientist spouts nonsense".)

    4. Re:The Chinese advantage by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      LOL "materials". You make it sound like there's a McMaster-Carr hidden in a crater somewhere. You guys are invoking ever greater delusional and magical non-technologies to justify your space religion...

    5. Re:The Chinese advantage by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 0

      How do you think China turned into the polluted wasteland it is today? These same engineers made decisions they deemed sound, with no input from the citizenry or anyone else. This longing for fascism I keep seeing when China comes up is distressing and upsetting. The day that rapid economic growth stops is the day that the Communist Party will count as the beginning of the end.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    6. Re:The Chinese advantage by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      But does the comsat experience give us experience in power beaming? Part of that experience has to be in the ground-side capture and conversion process - how reliable can we make it?

    7. Re:The Chinese advantage by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      If the Chinese were really unconcerned about pollution, they would just keep building coal plants for the next century. They have plenty of the stuff. Instead, they are looking beyond coal. This includes building more new nuclear capacity than everyone else combined.

      And no, not giving Wildflower Ludd Crystalbong veto power ever every application of science is not "longing for fascism."

  20. Where do the sharks fit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't get it. How are they possibly going to keep the sharks alive long enough to keep the lasers pointed toward Earth? Doomed from the start if you ask me.

  21. Design by rlp · · Score: 1

    Design it as an enormous spherical object covered with solar panels and a large antenna to beam power. And a thermal port ...

    --
    [Insert pithy quote here]
  22. Space debris by Misagon · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I think a large problem is going to be space debris - debris from previous launches and defunct satellites.
    When the idea of an orbital power station was first formed in the early days of space exploration, space debris was not a problem. These days there is a huge number of tiny objects circling the Earth at high speeds - like bullets being shot at random.
    The larger the orbital mirrors are, the more surface area there would be for collecting space debris.

    Sure, you could place them in higher orbit, but then the mirrors would not get as much protection from solar wind from the Earth's magnetic field.

    --
    "We mustn't be caught by surprise by our own advancing technology" -- Aldous Huxley
    1. Re:Space debris by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      But is this the case in geosynchronous orbit?

    2. Re:Space debris by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Alternatively, construct the thing from space debris to save having to lug every component up there.

    3. Re:Space debris by stooo · · Score: 1

      "The two main debris fields are the ring of objects in GEO and the cloud of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO)"

      it's not a problem of the same magnitude than LEO, but it will become one once you put up "square kilometers arrays of photocells or mylar reflectors". These things will just disintegrate at the smallest impact, and create a large debris cloud. This is why orbital mylar baloons are obsolete since long.

      --
      aaaaaaa
    4. Re:Space debris by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 1

      > I think a large problem is going to be space debris -

      Nope. If you can build giant solar arrays in GEO, you can build small ones and attach ion thrusters to them. See the Dawn mission at Ceres and the Asteroid Redirect Mission NASA is proposing for examples. These space tugs can putter around and collect loose space debris. That however does not eliminate natural meteoroids. So your power satellite will need a maintenance program, or just accept a small amount of degradation as stuff hits it.

      Solar arrays are thin, so most debris will just punch a small hole.

    5. Re:Space debris by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      > If you can build giant solar arrays in GEO, you can build small ones and attach ion thrusters to them.

      Well, that's just putting the cart before the horse isn't it? We have no idea how to do A, so I think you're a little premature claiming "nope"!

      Maybe you should tell Don Kessler that we have it all solved. You know, the guy that they named the "Kessler syndrome" after. He's pretty adamant against SPSs: "Some of the most environmentally dangerous activities in space include [...] large structures such as those considered in the late-1970s for building solar power stations in Earth orbit" I've emailed with him recently, he hasn't changed his mind since 2009 when he wrote that. Ask him yourself.

      I did the calcs on this with Don's help a few years back. I recall there being something like a 10% chance that every SPS would cause a Kessler syndrome in MEO. I'll dig up the numbers for you.

    6. Re:Space debris by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      Yeah, they can putty around, and collect the debris that's travelling up to 6km/s (the space tug will be travelling at 3.07km/s to stay in GEO, the debris may be orbiting in the opposite direction)

      What's it going to be made of that can withstand a projectile at those speeds?

  23. Who cares about cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What happened to the old Slashdot where "it costs too much" was never the answer. This is about science and technology, not money. Sure the article and its sources have flaws but at least people are thinking of new, grand ideas. The first step toward building something magnificent is to have a vision. Even if that vision is currently unattainable, there is huge benefit to society from the effort.

    Many of the commentators here here have let their cynicism win their hearts where once enthusiasm and innovation ruled the day. How foolish can you be to let "it might not work" stop you from even dreaming? Many of the greatest achievements in mankind's history came from significant personal and/or societal risk.

    1. Re:Who cares about cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you going to pay for it?

    2. Re:Who cares about cost? by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      New grand ideas?

      This is straight out of SimCity 2000. That's 22 years old now.

  24. SImCIty 2000 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wasn't this one of the Energy source options you could use in SimCity 2000?
    I mean like exactly the same idea?
    IIRC the option to use this form of power for your city actually said, "the results of a misdirected beam are yet unknown"

  25. Re:Read the article! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    RTFA. He was an integral part of their rocket program - he's a smart guy - and he specifically calls out what technologies need to be developed to make this economically viable. Your comment comes across like you are a racist, young, and stupid ass hole. Hope that was your goal.

  26. The Most Efficient Option by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Evolve a technology base that doesn't need such massive amounts of uncoordiante distributions of power.

    Like using DNA to sustain life instead of replicating vicarious Life experiences to feed an addicted mental feedback loop that ultimately leads to an early death.

    In a Thermodynamics 3rd Law sort of way.. whichever path leads to the quickest death and end of Civilization "makes the most sense".

    But morally if its Evil or not.. our job as lifeforms is to resist death until the bitter end.

  27. What's this conversion stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why would you put a solar panel in orbit to convert solar radiation to electricity, then convert it back to radiation to send to earth?

    Seems like the sun already puts out nice radiation suitable for beaming to earth.

    Just put a collector in orbit and direct the collected, concentrated sunlight to something useful on the surface.

    Of course, just doing the collection on earth might be cheaper, even if it only works during the day.

    1. Re:What's this conversion stuff by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      Have you heard of this thing called light pressure? How do you plan on keeping this magical collector in place?

      --
      Mostly random stuff.
    2. Re:What's this conversion stuff by itzly · · Score: 0

      If the collector is in GEO, the light pressure rotates through 360 degrees during a day. That should even it out.

    3. Re:What's this conversion stuff by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 1

      You will need thrusters to position the big satellite in the first place (or the parts if it is assembled on site), and to counteract the Moon and Sun's tidal forces. If you can handle those, light pressure will be a small issue.

    4. Re:What's this conversion stuff by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      I doubt it, now you need a fuel supply, and how do you position something with the consistency of smoke?

      --
      Mostly random stuff.
    5. Re:What's this conversion stuff by 50000BTU_barbecue · · Score: 1

      I doubt it's so uniform that it all perfectly evens out.

      --
      Mostly random stuff.
    6. Re:What's this conversion stuff by itzly · · Score: 1

      Keep track of the effects, and rotate the panels a bit at the right times to provide compensation.

    7. Re:What's this conversion stuff by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I thought we were talking about a collector, not panels. Anyways all this shows is that SBSP is just a gigantic kludge that will never work.

      I mean we were unable to rotate the Voyager without accounting for the flex in the booms, I seriously doubt that a large, thin structure will behave in an infinitely rigid fashion. It'll wave like a flag and interact in all kinds of bizarre ways with the solar wind and light pressure. A large white flag, we should surrender now.

  28. Wrong group by aepervius · · Score: 1

    NASA, JAXA and similar outfit drool at the perspective to have a long term project where they need to send a lot of cargo up, means a lot of contract and assured budget.

    Those folk tells the space solar collector are possible and desirable.
     
    The folk at energy production on the other hand use a calculator for cost of setting up, maintaining compared to generated energy and they usually view that as possible but not profitable compared to a similarly sized (in megawatt) installation on earth with physical batteries.

    Sorry I i trust far more than who are involved i energy generation, than those involved into profiting by cargoeing the stuff.

    --
    C. Sagan : A demon haunted world:
    http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345409469/
    visit randi.org
  29. 36k km only? Useless by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It makes no sense at all to send solar panels so close to earth. The photon density there is almost the same as here.

    It would make sense to send solar panels close to the sun, where even a small surface would receive much more radiation.

    1. Re:36k km only? Useless by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      There's no atmosphere to pass through and virtually no day or night if you put it in the right orbit.

      You'd need to send it millions of kilometres away to make much of a difference, and all you're doing is converting one form of radiation to another. It would also be in a different orbit, so would spend half its time on the other side of the sun.

      Geosynchronous is the only option (unless you watch Falling Skies, then you can put it on the moon - sorry if you haven't seen last season yet.)

  30. keep laughing, monkeyboy! by Thud457 · · Score: 1

    It's all fun and games until Elon Musk burns " CHA " on the face of the moon.
    Surely that should be "ELO" ?!

    We've got a 4x10^26 Watt fusion reactor only eight minutes away. Eventually somebody's going to figure out how to use it.

    --

    the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

  31. Based on the recent retractions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It doesn't matter. They'll plagarize the design, then falsify the data, and finally subvert the peer review process to publish it anyway.

  32. Maxis should sue them by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wasn't this one of the power options in Sim City?

  33. That's all wrong. by cyberchondriac · · Score: 2

    I suggest stopping the moon in it's orbit and making it geosynchronous, then spray painting it with a highly reflective silver paint. That way we can get enough sunlight at night to compensate with ground-based solar panels.
    That's really simple to do, right? Easy Peasy!
    :-D

    --

    Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
    1. Re:That's all wrong. by elgatozorbas · · Score: 1

      That way we can get enough sunlight at night to compensate with ground-based solar panels. That's really simple to do, right? Easy Peasy!

      That depends a bit on who is "we"... It may also be the Chinese or the Russians, meaning the US wil never get to see the moon ever again.

      Anyway, while I assume your plan is not a serious suggestion, allow me to analyze it. For starters: the current non-geostationnary moon already does this to some extent, the spot is just changing all the time. More importantly, the reflectivity (or albedo) of the moon is 12%. This means that, at best, moonlight could be 8 times brighter than it is now. Currently the moon is about 250000 times dimmer than the sun, so in the best case your enhanced moon would still be 30000x dimmer than the sun...

    2. Re:That's all wrong. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I suggest stopping the moon in it's orbit and making it geosynchronous, then spray painting it with a highly reflective silver paint.

      You sound like a filthy moon-chromer! Come PaveDay(TM), you and all your heretical ilk will be nothing but pitslaves while your masters drive the holy asphalt in their hypercars!

    3. Re:That's all wrong. by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      Unless instead of reflective paint, a series of mirrors to focus the reflections on a small area of the earth.

      It won't just be 8x brighter though, because it will be 10.5x closer in GEO. That alone would make it 110x brighter. It could be as bright as 1/30th of the sun

    4. Re:That's all wrong. by cyberchondriac · · Score: 1

      Correct, it was completely tongue-in-cheek and pie-in-the-sky, at least for any reasonable foreseeable future. Who'd want to paint the moon anyway?

      --

      Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
  34. all I can say is by shentino · · Score: 1

    Don't miss the dish

    1. Re:all I can say is by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      They fixed that problem in SimCity 3000, no more disaster risk

  35. What does geo-synchronous mean? by Spinlock_1977 · · Score: 0

    "...ground-based solar plants fluctuates with night and day and the weather, while a space-based generator can collect energy 99 percent of the time"

    Right. And in the previous paragraph, it said the station would be geo-synchronous. Anyone see the problem here?

    --
    - The Kessel run is for nerf herders. I can circumnavigate the entire Central Finite Curve in a lot less than 12 parse
    1. Re:What does geo-synchronous mean? by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      Nope. No problem. Stick it at a latitude far enough from the equator and it will never be shadowed by the Earth. Something like the top of China, for example.

      I'd work it out but I can't be bothered - All you need is the radius of Earth, the orbital radius of the satellite and the axial tilt of the Earth. Eye-balling it looks like it's somewhere around 40 degrees. About where Beijing is.

  36. Cooked birds by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    What happens to birds that fly through that microwave field?

    1. Re:Cooked birds by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      They get a little warm? The energy would be spread out over many square kilometers. Most of the radiation would pass through them though, unless they picked a frequency that was absorbed well by bird guts.

  37. This was tried before by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Back in the early 80s this was done as a pilot program by Roxxon Oil. After a few small towns near the receiving station were fried, Iron Man stepped in and put an end to it.

    http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix4/roxxon.htm

  38. Meanwhile, in the U.S. by AttillaTheNun · · Score: 1

    they're contemplating building a moat around the White House.

  39. Laser beams and microwaves by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is it really so much harder to simply put giant mirrors up in space and focus the sunlight onto a single point on the earth?

    Seems like a lot of needless cost and complexity when all you really want is a 24 hr spot of intense, ant frying, sunlight.

    1. Re:Laser beams and microwaves by viperidaenz · · Score: 1

      Until the alignment of the mirrors is disturbed and it kills millions of people.

      "Sorry, the positioning systems have failed. It's going to randomly burn trails in the Earth's surface until someone can get up there and destroy it"

  40. Bad idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do you know how string the microwave signal would have to be to beam any useable energy back to earth ? What if it dropped out of orbit while transmitting and all safeguards fail ? It would destroy anything in it's path. It can easily be weaponized.

  41. I had a book on the subject by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This was Gerard O'Neill's big proposal back in the 1970's. He thought that unlimited energy had the potential to change politics, economics, military tensions, social development, and so forth. It was distinctly utopian in tone but still interesting.

    1. Re:I had a book on the subject by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thing is, it *requires* unlimited energy and resources *in the first place* if you want to achieve O'Neill's insane fever dreams.

      Like all Space Nutter fantasies, if you could, you wouldn't need to.

  42. What better excuse? by sylvandb · · Score: 1

    Because what better excuse to build a humongous satellite with a large laser/dish/array aimed at the earth?