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New Chemical Tools Lead To Targeted Cancer Drugs

New submitter caudex writes: Proteins are encoded in DNA, and while the degeneracy of the genetic code works to minimize errors, a single DNA basepair mutation can change the structure of the encoded protein. When a mutated protein causes uncontrolled cell growth, we call it cancer. Unfortunately, proteins typically contain hundreds of amino acids, and developing a drug that will target the version of a protein containing one amino acid mutation is difficult. For this reason, most anticancer agents indiscriminately attack both mutant and healthy proteins and tissues. Researchers at Caltech have come up with a potentially general method for selectively drugging only the mutant protein at fault for cancerous activity, even in the crowded and complex milieu of living cells. Their proof of concept study published in Nature Chemistry targets the E17K mutation, which can be the causative mutation of many types of cancer.

21 comments

  1. Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 3, Interesting
    NPR had a Ken Burns documentary on cancer, the emperor of maladies (or mother of all diseases or something similar).

    It was a typical Ken Burns documentary, history etc. One salient part of the documentary was that cancer is not a single disease. It is a huge variety of diseases causing uncontrolled cell divisions. Further the cancer a patient has changes, evolves over time. Many promising drugs work very well initially but the cancer adapts to the drug.

    Another salient part of it is the exponential increase in the cost of treatment. It has gone upwards of 100,000$ per patient per year in drugs. I am sure the researchers in Caltech know more about it than I do, but still, one wonders are they raising hopes needlessly and prematurely.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did you watch the entire series? I thought it went more like:
      1. Cancer is one disease we'll soon kick it.
      2. Cancer is many thousands of different diseases and it will take forever to target them all.
      3. Cancer is caused by a fairly small number of sets of mutations and maybe it isn't hopeless after all.

    2. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by kwiecmmm · · Score: 1

      60 minutes had a story as well about a modified version of the polio virus being used to trigger an immune system response to the cancer cells. It seems (maybe I am just overly optimistic) that more progress is beginning to be made against cancer, since the introduction of chemo and radiation therapies.

    3. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by NotARealUser · · Score: 1
      Yes, it was indeed a big advancement. Not only have they successfully tested the Polio Cancer treatment on monkeys, but it was even very successful on early tests on humans.

      http://www.medicaldaily.com/po...

      The FDA is concerned about the modified virus spreading to normal cells. Currently, the researchers are confident that the modified Polio Virus cannot transfer.

      This new chemical treatment is maybe not as far along, but encouraging to see as well.

    4. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >95% of cancers are aneuploid. It is a single disease with a single target. They don't know how to target aneuploidy so keep going down the "point mutation" path to keep the funds going. If the somatic mutation theory was the case they could put these mutant genes into a normal human cell and watch it become transformed. They can't.

    5. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Also check out figure 7 of Pompei and Wilson (2001). No phenomenon as complex as they make it out to be results in curves like that.

      Francesco Pompei and Richard Wilson. Age Distribution of Cancer: The Incidence Turnover at Old Age. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 1619-1650 (2001) http://users.physics.harvard.edu/~wilson/publications/ppaper789.pdf

      At some point people need to consider to the possibility that cancer only seems complex because of poor statistical and peer review practices.

    6. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Given that Pompei's and Wilson's parallel paper in mice has been thoroughly contradicted by their own reanalysis of the data set after they found out their dataset had been scrambled...

      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947655

    7. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What is your point? Admitting an error is associated with more errors? Having done research, I would think the opposite.

    8. Re:Ken Burns documentary a couple of weeks back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Anyway, the data is freely available:
      http://seer.cancer.gov/data/

      I would be concerned about the denominators used in these epidemiological studies though:

      In the matter of prolonging human life, science has played no part whatever. Take the history of one Bessie Singletree. . . . On her twenty-seventh birthday Miss Singletree became twenty-four years of age and was married. At thirty-five she was thirty. At forty she was thirty-nine until she was close to fifty. At fifty Bessie was forty; at sixty, fifty-five. At sixty-five she was sixty-eight and on her seventieth birthday everyone said Grandmother Singletree was pretty chipper for an octogenarian. At seventy-five she had her picture in the paper as the oldest woman in the county, aged ninety-three. Ten years later she passed away at the ripe old age of one hundred and nine.

      Ingersoll, Norman, Saturday Evening Post (April 18, 1936), quoted in Bowerman, Walter G., "Centenarians," Transactions of the Actuarial Society of America, 40 (1939), 378

      Really makes you wonder if women don't just "live longer" due to being more likely to lie about age. Same goes for those gene association studies of centenarians. Really the correlations could be with "lying about age".

  2. Re:The reality... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Patents expire 20 years after being filed, thus becoming public after that time.

  3. Re:The reality... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Oh shut up.

    First of all, if you even bothered to wake up in the morning you would see that chemo treatments, even 'cures' are very, very profitable. The MBAs running the pharmaceutical companies are way smarter than you are.

    Next, it is a potential treatment, nothing of a cure so even Big Evil Pharma will be joyously happy.

    Third, it's just a proof-of-potential, not even a proof of concept. Dealing with the protein effects of a single point mutation, AFIR, hasn't been shown to treat any clinical cancers. In fact, this seems to be a better fit for creating an antiviral or antibiotic than a specific cancer treatment.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  4. Re:The reality... by rbanzai · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This remains complete horseshit. There's no conspiracy to keep cancer cures from the public. As a cancer survivor I'm weary of this constant bullshit being spread around by idiots.

  5. Novel but not that useful by Yergle143 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Not sure why this kind of cute 'inside baseball' research is being posted on Slashdot. Firstly there are many and better ways of screening for peptides -- the click chemistry trick is probably applicable only for this this proof of concept (toy) system. Good luck with a real protein. Secondly peptides are useful for research and totally useless as drugs. Thirdly the summary is really wrong here, the minimal in vivo data shown here does not come close to addressing the "complex milieu" of cells much less cancer much less Akt mutation driven cancer
    So which member of the Cal Tech research team posted this slashvertisement? Congratulations on your Nature Chemistry paper. By they way it has gone to your head.

    1. Re:Novel but not that useful by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://www.theonion.com/articles/could-this-rare-species-of-frog-hold-the-key-to-ma,38410/

  6. watch HBO's Vice.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The first episode was all about new cancer treatments similiar to this,
    They coined the term, 2016 could be the first year that a therapy is introduced that will eradicate cancer versus the Pharma's actions of treating but not eliminating the problem..

    I mean they gotta find ways to pay for their AMG's, porches, etc.... Right?>?

    have fun
     

  7. Re:The reality... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Keep on dreaming. That is exactly what they want you to do. Get cancer and you'll be paying big pharma until you eventually but certainly die.
    There are so many cases of promising cures that suddenly seem to disappear into thin air and
    take a look at the honest doctors who have already partially figured out why cancer treatments don't work.
    They get ridiculed and become outcast in the medical world due to well paid support by big pharma.

    Take a closer look into medical history and see how big pharma is pushing the medical world into their arms.
    This is not something from the last decade but started around 1900 when the companies got a hold of the medical education system.

  8. Cancer Treatment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Cancer is an immune system defect. Perhaps treating the underlying cause (the basal immunity defect) would have far better rates of success than treating the symptoms (as is done now, and as this proposes).

  9. Re:The reality... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Name one verifiable instance of this happening. You can't and won't.

  10. Re:The reality... by rbanzai · · Score: 1

    I already had cancer you idiot. You don't have a single piece of evidence to back up your claim.