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Former Rep. Louis Stokes, the Man Who Saved the Space Station, Dies At Age 90

MarkWhittington writes: The Associated Press noted the passing of former Rep. Louis Stokes at the age of 90. Since Stokes was an African American Democrat first elected in 1968, most of the accolades touch on his effect on the civil rights struggle and his lifelong fight against racism. However, as George Abbey, former NASA Director of the Johnson Spaceflight Center and current Fellow in Space Policy at the Baker Institute of Rice University pointed out on his Facebook Page, Stokes can be rightly be said to be the man who saved the International Space Station and perhaps human space flight in America.

50 comments

  1. Why does it matter that he's black? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    "I have a dream, that a man will be judged not by the color of his skin but by the content of his character"

    Or whatever the quote was.

    Why do people always feel the need to point out that so-and-so was "An African American such and such" ? Maybe he wasn't even African.

    1. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by chispito · · Score: 1

      "I have a dream, that a man will be judged not by the color of his skin but by the content of his character"

      Or whatever the quote was.

      Why do people always feel the need to point out that so-and-so was "An African American such and such" ? Maybe he wasn't even African.

      I'm guessing TFA noted his ethnicity/color to provide more context for

      most of the accolades touch on his effect on the civil rights struggle and his lifelong fight against racism

      --
      The Daddy casts sleep on the Baby. The Baby resists!
    2. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by tnk1 · · Score: 2

      That's true, but you could have also written an piece like that which simply said:

      "The man who saved the International Space Station and manned space flight died today."

      I agree that might not have been enough for the AP and a general audience, but I'd love to have seen an article where the only way you realized he was black (or white) was his picture. Seems to me that given all of the people who worked on civil rights, he may well have been more of a standout due to his work to save manned flight than his civil rights work. It is difficult to find a black politician from that period who *wasn't* involved in civil rights.

    3. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 1

      Because when you're being politically correct, anything that has black skin is identified as African-American, even if they're an Australian Aboriginal.

    4. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by chispito · · Score: 1

      That's true, but you could have also written an piece like that which simply said:

      "The man who saved the International Space Station and manned space flight died today."

      You're missing the point. The summary attempts to contrast what he is primarily known for with his role in this one area of interest to many Slashdotters.

      --
      The Daddy casts sleep on the Baby. The Baby resists!
    5. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The day there's an Australian Aboriginal elected to Congress, is the day you don't sound like a bitter whiner.

      That day is not today.

    6. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by tnk1 · · Score: 1

      I certainly haven't missed the point. I know why they said that, of course.

      I just think it would be interesting to write a biography of a person like this that purposely ignored that focus and listed the things he worked on as a politician which were not specifically civil rights.

      Look at Bernie Sanders. He worked for civil rights as well, but that fact only seems to come up in context. Both of them were in Congress for decades.

      It may well be hard to separate a person like this from the context of civil rights, given his identity and the size of the issue, but what happens when you strip that out and look at everything else he did?

      It may be more interesting than a piece because instead of his history simply melding with the common theme of civil rights, he stands out as an individual person and not just a soldier for the Good Cause.

    7. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by p51d007 · · Score: 1

      Remember a few years back, there was a university, Minnesota I think, that was offering some sort of grant or something to "African Americans". This lady applied online, and went in for the interview and they rejected her because she was white. The kicker is she was born in South Africa, but she and her parents moved to the USA. So technically, she was an African, American...which technically was correct, but not politically correct. Not sure of the outcome, but I thought it was hysterical.

    8. Re: Why does it matter that he's black? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Anybody, not anything, asshole

    9. Re: Why does it matter that he's black? by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 1

      No I mean anything. Like for example, a black sheep is called an "African American sheep" in proper PC terms.

    10. Re: Why does it matter that he's black? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      A joke is supposed to be funny, otherwise attempts like the above make the teller look far too stupid to remember to breathe.

    11. Re:Why does it matter that he's black? by dywolf · · Score: 2

      Because he was a prominent civil rights activist and elected in 1968 from Ohio, the first black congressman from that state, a state that while considered northern, has had its own share of racial animus over the years, including to this day.

      --
      The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
    12. Re: Why does it matter that he's black? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      just ignore the troll. he is the person who proves the point of the adage (or adages) that "any forum discussion on race/sex always proves why civil rights/feminism is important".

    13. Re: Why does it matter that he's black? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      this is why you're racist.

  2. Uh... "Saved it" by flip-flopping by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    From TFA: "Stokes had voted to kill the space station in 1991 and 1992. However, thanks to lobbying by President Clinton, he switched sides and voted to continue funding the NASA project. Since the measure to kill the space station died by a single vote, Stokes, by switching sides, can rightly be said to have saved the project."

    Oh, and for the 200-300 Hildabeast drones who are going to put up the usual REPUBLICANS HATE EVERYTHING copy-n-paste, please recall that in 1993 both houses of Congress were completely controlled by the Democrats who could do basically anything they wanted without having to worry about those evil evil Republicans getting in the way.

    1. Re:Uh... "Saved it" by flip-flopping by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mmmm, what if killing it in 1993 was the right thing to do?
      http://www.idlewords.com/2005/08/a_rocket_to_nowhere.htm

    2. Re:Uh... "Saved it" by flip-flopping by dunkelfalke · · Score: 2

      Deciding differently after being presented more data is not flip-flopping, it is reasonable.
      On the other hand, stubbornly holding on an opinion, no matter what the facts are, is stupid.

      Flip-flopping is changing the opinion based on polls, aka being a weathervane - which is an inherently opportunistic behavior.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
  3. Did he really save it, though? by timrod · · Score: 3, Insightful

    From the article, Stokes actually voted twice to kill the ISS, and only switched after political prodding from the Clinton administration. The way the headline is written makes it seem like he was a champion for the ISS the entire time.

    1. Re:Did he really save it, though? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      From the article, Stokes actually voted twice to kill the ISS, and only switched after political prodding from the Clinton administration. The way the headline is written makes it seem like he was a champion for the ISS the entire time.

      He had to kill the ISS in order to save it.

    2. Re:Did he really save it, though? by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      Saved it and killed the SCSC. It was a good call. Granted the SCSC would have been 20 times more powerful than the LHC, but we've gotten so much more scientific data from the ISS than could have been hoped for by an earthbound (boring) atom smasher.

    3. Re:Did he really save it, though? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Now, that's escape velocity sarcasm right there. Too bad you didn't pick a better stalking horse though. The ISS was a worse boondoggle, but I don't have respect for the SCSC either.

  4. Is this a good thing? by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Please do correct me if I'm factually misinformed; but my impression is that 'saving the ISS' isn't exactly a noble cause when it comes to actually doing [i]science[/i] in and about space.

    I'm personally very much in favor of NASA's role in aeronautics and space R&D(both the necessary delivery systems and the cool exploratory robots we have probing various bits of the solar system and the assorted satellites focused on earth-surface observation and astronomy work that the atmosphere would interfere with); but the ISS seems like the very worst flavor of man-in-a-can makework nonsense. It doesn't even have the cool-and-unprecedented factor of the sending-men-to-the-moon projects; but it consumes a lot of orbital lift capacity to send a rotating crew of humans; and the supplies to support them to a motly collection of hamster tubes in an orbit so low it barely counts as out of the atmosphere.

    Is there any serious defense of the ISS in terms of a results per unit spend or unit lift capacity? It's neat, and it has podcasts, and such; but it had better be a lot of neat to justify all the possible 'send robotic probe to do something' or 'assemble larger telescope in orbit' or other projects that could have been done instead.

    1. Re:Is this a good thing? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It also gives SpaceX and others a target to aim for, and budget to fund it.

      Just think - SpaceX would have to build a low earth orbit launch system so it could go nowhere and do exactly nothing. Oh and with no outside funding.

      Make no mistake. The ISS is a stairstep to space.

    2. Re:Is this a good thing? by kellymcdonald78 · · Score: 2

      The problem is like the Shuttle, ISS was pennywise and pound foolish. Congress wasted much of a decade sending NASA back to the drawing board again and again to reduce the cost of Space Station Freedom, ultimately spending more in these redesign efforts than was saved by down scoping the station, and resulting in a station hampered in its ability to do research. Cancelling the Hab module for example means several racks on Destiny are used to provide ISS life support rather than R&D. The Centrifuge module was cancelled, along with the R&D opportunities it could have provided. Most importantly much of the funding originally planned to create an organization to facilitate research on the station and establish network of universities with supporting grants was cut. The original plan was to have something similar to the Space Telescope Science Institute (created for Hubble), in place for ISS operation. Rather we have CASIS which was only founded in 2011, and has been a complete and total disaster.

    3. Re:Is this a good thing? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Is there any serious defense of the ISS in terms of a results per unit spend or unit lift capacity?

      You do realize that ISS has ZERO lift capacity?

      As for science, there is science done on ISS.

      http://science.nasa.gov/scienc...

      And no, that experiment would not be possible without ISS because of power demands.

      And without ISS, there would be no Americans in space.. This means ZERO US research on effects of near-space and its environment of living organisms. ZERO other research done by these individuals. No experience in on-orbit assembly of structures. Spacewalks that are routine with ISS were "exception to the rule" before ISS... but maybe China should take over leading role in space anyway?? Right?

      http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pa...

      Finally, without it, there would be no Space X because they would never get contract to supply ISS.

      To me it is kind of mind-blowing to even ask if ISS is beneficial. Obviously the answer is YES! Even if the only thing we get from ISS is stroking Musk's ego to get to Mars, it's worth it. Vertical landing of 1st stage for re-use has been something that's been quite unimaginable before SpaceX and probably never tried with Boeing or Lockheed.

    4. Re:Is this a good thing? by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      The AMS is regarded by many as the only experiment of any merit on the ISS. And it came as an afterthought and almost didn't happen at all.

    5. Re:Is this a good thing? by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      Is there any serious defense of the ISS

      When the charge you lay against it is "it's just not cool enough"... Why should anyone provide a serious defense to such a ludicrous notion?

    6. Re:Is this a good thing? by aberglas · · Score: 0

      +1. Every dollar wasted on the ISS is a dollar not spent on science.

    7. Re:Is this a good thing? by khallow · · Score: 1

      Just think - SpaceX would have to build a low earth orbit launch system so it could go nowhere and do exactly nothing. Oh and with no outside funding.

      Except launch piles of valuable satellites, likely including space stations. Yes, the ISS was convenient for SpaceX, but so would a Mir-sized space station for a hundredth the overall cost (including the cost of extending Space Shuttle missions a decade).

    8. Re:Is this a good thing? by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      Additionally, Wikipedia puts the power consumption at between 2 and 2.5kw, less than my home solar setup. It's just bolted to the exterior of the ISS and I don't see why it could not be made as a stand alone system.

    9. Re:Is this a good thing? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      The AMS is regarded by many as the only experiment of any merit on the ISS. And it came as an afterthought and almost didn't happen at all.

      So is that "many" a bunch that deny climate science, or nearly every other science is of any worth or is the "many" you describe a completely different bunch of luddite pricks that can't think beyond stock prices and cocaine?

    10. Re:Is this a good thing? by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 2

      The ISS has zero lift capacity; but it demands considerable lift capacity to keep it supplied with rotating crew, their consumables, and assorted bits and pieces. Plus the launch of the original modules. That's the 'per unit lift capacity' I'm referring to. We have transported a considerable amount of mass into orbit to have the ISS. Does it compare favorably to other missions that could have been performed with those resources?

    11. Re:Is this a good thing? by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

      Where did you get the impression that the charge was 'insufficent coolness'? The charge is 'poor science/cost ratio; maintained at the expense of other possible projects.'

      Manned space activity is actually very, very, good at generating coolness. Possibly too good, when it comes to adjusting the allocation of resources to various projects.

    12. Re:Is this a good thing? by Toshito · · Score: 2

      Oh, not another "but humans in space are a waste, send robots!"

      Robots are cool, and they are useful. But if we sent humans to Mars instead of rovers, they would have done all the exploration and experiments in a matter of days, not months and years.

      You guys are really depressing. Why bother to explore, to travel, to even get out of your house? You can visit almost any street of any big cities in the world with Google Street view, you can do a video conference for free with anyone on earth, you can work from home... So why waste fuel by transporting humans?

      The real waste is not the money spent on the ISS, it's the trillions of $ spent on the defense budget. Adress that problem and you'll have enough money to send robots AND humans in space every day of the year.

      --
      Try it! Library of Babel
  5. In an alternate universe by k6mfw · · Score: 1

    Former Rep. Louis Stokes, the Man Who Saved Space Travel, Dies At Age 90
    By a narrow vote, Stokes gave a small margin in approving funding for new reusable spacecraft. Conceived in early 1970s to make spaceflight routine as air travel, Space Shuttle later was more expensive and required lengthy refurbishment between missions. Many argued if we continued with same Shuttle, we would be stuck in low earth orbit way into the 21st century. The new shuttle design takes into account of many lessons learned of propulsion, thermal protection, and other systems that and should routinely be reused. NASA Administrator Beggs added, "Objective is to explore and expand scientific and economic sphere beyond earth orbit, not repeat what Gargarin and Glenn did 25 years ago."

    --
    mfwright@batnet.com
  6. No.. THIS is saving a space station... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03...

    I think more could have been done with ISS if it were a little more national/commonwealth.. I could be wrong but it seemed like just another way to send cash/resources TOO other countries(aid etc, and they build x module for 10x the price it would have cost)... Maybe I'm remembering wrong...

    Still 550 Billion/year spent on the military, lets send a few dozen manned "one way'" missions to mars/elsewhere for 1 year instead.

    1. Re:No.. THIS is saving a space station... by kellymcdonald78 · · Score: 1

      With the exception of some elements that were purchased from Russia (Zarya for example) and Soyuz flights, the rest of ISS is operated through barter agreements (e.g. in exchange for the Canada Arm2, Canada gets a certain number of flights to the station)

  7. Superconducting Super Collider by snsh · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The Space Station (or "waste station", as we used to call it) helped kill the Superconducting Super Collider by taking away research dollars in 1992-1993.

    Manned space flight is ridiculously expensive. The SSC, though greatly less glamorous, would have done a lot more for our understanding of the universe. So I don't see funding the ISS as an accomplishment.

    1. Re:Superconducting Super Collider by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      But space. Fuckit. I was on a SCSC proposal team and know half a dozen physics grad students who lost their thesis, dropped out and went to work on wallstreet. At least most of them retired a few years later, so that's something.

    2. Re:Superconducting Super Collider by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is woefully wrong. The budget of the US doesn't work that way. SSC drew its funding from DOE, ISS from NASA. The way authorizations and appropriations work have entirely different committees bringing these line items up, vote, markup, advance, etc. Moreover, the ISS eventually won not because of science, but because of the desire to keep Russian rocket scientists building rockets for Russia, not ICBMs for North Korea or Iran.

    3. Re:Superconducting Super Collider by k6mfw · · Score: 1

      desire to keep Russian rocket scientists building rockets for Russia, not ICBMs for North Korea or Iran.

      Finally someone posts the real driver behind ISS. Before they spent eight years working on Freedom but not flight hardware was ever built (there were lots of engineering hardware items built to demonstrate various things that are currently in use on ISS). Every year after Reagan started the Space Station, congressional funding support became less and less. Then USSR collapsed, congress balked at the $400B SEI, a new NASA Administrator, and a lot of Russian aerospace engineers out of work. In 1992 and Space Station survived by only one vote, unless a new strategy is done, it will not survive 1993.

      --
      mfwright@batnet.com
  8. Because Whitey's on the moon! by swb · · Score: 1

    A rat done bit my sister Nell.
    (with Whitey on the moon)
    Her face and arms began to swell.
    (and Whitey's on the moon)
    I can't pay no doctor bills.
    (but Whitey's on the moon)
    Ten years from now I'll be payin' still
    While Whitey's on the moon.
    You know, the man jus' upped my rent las' night,
    'cause Whitey's on the moon.
    No hot water, no toilets, no lights,
    but Whitey's on the moon.
    I wonder why he's uppi' me?
    'cause Whitey's on the moon?
    Well I wuz already givin' 'im fifty a week
    And now Whitey's on the moon.
    Taxes takin' my whole damn check,
    The junkies make me a nervous wreck,
    The price of food is goin' up,
    An' as if all that crap wuzn't enough,
    A rat done bit my sister Nell.
    (with Whitey on the moon)
    Her face an' arms began to swell
    And Whitey's on the moon.
    Was all that money I made las' year
    For Whitey on the moon?
    How come I ain't got no money here?
    Hmm! Whitey's on the moon.
    Y'know I jus' about had my fill
    Of Whitey on the moon.
    I think I'll sen' these doctor bills,
    Airmail special

    To Whitey on the moon

  9. He backed the wrong thing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Funny

    He should have backed human life extension instead. This "human spaceflight" (such dramatic language! Oh my!) is just free fall in a tin can in the upper atmosphere.

    When I was a kid we drove 600km in a day to get to the summer cottage, that's further away than the ISS and I explored far more than the inside of my parent's station wagon!

    Maybe as all the people that grew up with the Space Age start passing on, or like Mitchell, go insane, the human race can focus on the future instead of hugging its navel while clinging to the naive 1960s space fantasies.

    One hopes.

  10. Science in Space by Blaskowicz · · Score: 1

    Is there that much science other than life and biology in space? A space station that teaches how to live in a space station is fairly boring.

    1. Re:Science in Space by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      Is there that much science other than life and biology in space?

      Not really. But it's important to know how ants build tunnels in a weightless environment should the need ever arise that we know the answer. You never know. Better safe than sorry. /s

  11. Not a zero sum game by dbIII · · Score: 1

    Whoever decided not to fund both "helped kill the Superconducting Super Collider" instead of it having anything at all to do with the ISS.

  12. "Lifelong" fight against racism? by cascadingstylesheet · · Score: 1

    You mean that a Democrat governor was turning the dogs on him, like, yesterday?!?

  13. I read what you wrote by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

    Where did you get the impression that the charge was 'insufficent coolness'?

    Try reading what you write, and I quote - "It doesn't even have the cool-and-unprecedented factor".

    1. Re:I read what you wrote by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

      I apologize if I was unclear: my intent with that was to note that 'unprecedented-and-cool' is one virtue that a space project can have, with scientific utility being another, economic value another, defense/intelligence applications, another, and so on. 'Unprecedented-and-cool' isn't terribly high on the hierarchy of virtues, certainly not worth sacrificing real science for; but at least it is something. My point was that, in addition to substantial deficiencies in scientific value, economic utility, etc. it doesn't even have the compensatory value of being really cool. It doesn't tick any of the boxes nearly as well as one would want for how much it costs, not even coolness, much less actually useful virtues.

  14. kinda sad by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    human space flight is woefully expensive and under-productive. the money would have been better spent on unmanned research. it's romantic, but a waste.