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US Scientists Successfully 'Switch Off' Cancer Cells

iONiUM sends news that Mayo Clinic cancer researchers have developed a technique to reprogram cancer cells in a lab, essentially "turning off" their excessive cell growth. That code was unraveled by the discovery that adhesion proteins — the glue that keeps cells together — interact with the microprocessor, a key player in the production of molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs orchestrate whole cellular programs by simultaneously regulating expression of a group of genes (abstract). The investigators found that when normal cells come in contact with each other, a specific subset of miRNAs suppresses genes that promote cell growth. However, when adhesion is disrupted in cancer cells, these miRNAs are misregulated and cells grow out of control. The investigators showed, in laboratory experiments, that restoring the normal miRNA levels in cancer cells can reverse that aberrant cell growth.

52 comments

  1. I'll believe it when I see it.... by MagickalMyst · · Score: 4, Insightful

    When I see it in practice with proven real world results.

    Too often these promising studies generate all kinds of hype and then disappear shortly thereafter.

    --
    Political correctness is really just herd psychology pushed by insecure people who desperately seek social conformity.
    1. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by allcoolnameswheretak · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yeah, if you're a regular on Slashdot, it seems like we've been finding a cure for cancer and HIV for the last 20 years or so. Also, we will have a space elavator, fusion energy, flying cars and Linux on the desktop in just 5 more years!.

      I realize this is amazingly complex stuff and that research takes time... but I really do hope that scientists are not just fishing for a Nobel price, and performing endless theoretical research without ever thinking about practical applications.

    2. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by ultranova · · Score: 1

      Yeah, if you're a regular on Slashdot, it seems like we've been finding a cure for cancer and HIV for the last 20 years or so.

      We have.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    3. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Talderas · · Score: 4, Informative

      We have not found a cure for either. What we have found is more effective treatments that reduce the rate of mortality. Earlier detection of cancers allows doctors and surgeons to treat and operate on cancers before they have time to grow and spread. We can get to a point where we no longer detect cancerous cells in your body but you are by no means cured because the detection is not absolute.

      Treatments for HIV has helped many people avoid having it develop into AIDS but we haven't cured HIV. The people going through treatments still have HIV and are still at risk of it developing into AIDS.

      --
      "Lack of speed can be overcome. In the worst case by patience." --Znork
    4. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Roodvlees · · Score: 1

      And they have made many improvements to cancer treatments. Maybe your interpretation of science making a small incremental step is flawed. Although this sounds like a pretty big step to me. The next step would be to do it in a live test subject.

      --
      Thank you, Bradley Manning, Edward Snowden and so many others, for courageously defending humanity, my freedom and more!
    5. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Didn't they test out a cure for HIV/AIDs on rats that gave them Hepatitis or something?

    6. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 2

      There was actually one person who was cured of HIV who received a marrow transplant from an HIV resistant donor.

      Later two more people who had HIV with a non HIV resistant donor who showed no signs of the disease for about a year, and then it returned, and often when you hear about the first story, people confuse it with the second one where the two individuals recurred with the disease, and thus believe that the first guy still has HIV, but he doesn't.

      It seems that the process of irradiating the body of its own marrow also destroys HIV, but it will return if the t-cells aren't resistant to the virus because there are certain areas of the body where the virus can survive the radiation treatment.

      http://www.livescience.com/480...

    7. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      This is about understanding, not yet about a cure. With more understanding comes a higher probability of finding something that can actually cure cancer. I don't know what you complain about here, not even the title is misleading.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    8. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Talderas · · Score: 2

      The radiation therapy for the blood cancer kills off most of the marrow cells but not all of them. The remaining living cells could still harbor the HIV virus. They were unsure if the HIV was eradicated because the donation occurred and the donor's T-cells attacked the hosts marrow eradicating hiding places for HIV or if it was because the donor's T-Cell were mutated in a way that made them resistant to HIV. The radiation played a part but undoubtedly the transplant was the reason for it.

      While it is a treatment that has cured someone of HIV. I don't personally consider it a cure because you're just removing the diseased region. For comparison, if I had skin cancer on my left forearm I'm not "cured" of it if I amputate my left arm.

      It's great that this guy is cured of HIV but they need to find out if it was a mutation in the donor or the donation itself and even then it's not a cure as long as it's reliant on donors because the number of people that can be cured is going to be smaller than the total pool of HIV infected individuals. We need to be able to synthesize the cure so that it can be distributed to most of the victims.

      --
      "Lack of speed can be overcome. In the worst case by patience." --Znork
    9. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are loved, and help is available.

    10. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      by no means cured because the detection is not absolute

      "Cured" isn't really a medically precise term anyway, but in pretty much all other areas of medicine if there was no current indication of disease you would not be diagnosed with a disease. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, but in all other areas of medicine if you feel fine and have no unusual test results then that is pretty much it.

    11. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Alomex · · Score: 1

      There are two working definition for curing AIDS. One is the virus is gone, the second is you will die of something else. Both are valid and reasonable. We have cured AIDS according to the second one, but not yet the first one.

    12. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by the+gnat · · Score: 1

      Too often these promising studies generate all kinds of hype

      This is largely the fault of institutional PR offices - university press releases are notorious for inflating the importance of even the most minor discovery, and their take is what gets reported. (Which isn't to say that scientists aren't complicit, but most of us have sufficient self-awareness to cringe when we read these articles.)

    13. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Talderas · · Score: 1

      I personally only consider the first one a cure. Under the second definition you are still negatively impacted by the disease which is, to me, a perversion of the term cure. You may not be at risk of death or injury from the disease but your life is still negatively impacted by the disease by requiring you to upkeep treatment in order to avoid the death or injury.

      --
      "Lack of speed can be overcome. In the worst case by patience." --Znork
    14. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      we have had Linux on the desktop for the last 20 years...

      the only person i know who uses windblows is my mother

    15. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by CauseBy · · Score: 1

      We did cure AIDS. With treatment, nobody today suffers from AIDS. They remain HIV positive with very low viral load and no symptoms.

      That is also the goal state for cancers, and we have successfully met the goal with some cancers; others are more difficult.

    16. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by CauseBy · · Score: 1

      You can consider whatever you want but the world won't and shouldn't expend the resources to meet your threshold when the other threshold is the only one that matters.

      "Take this pill, you'll never experience side effects or symptoms."
      "But... I still have the virus! I'm not cured!"
      "I don't care. Take or leave the pill, whatever, it's the same to me."
      "Uh...! okay."

    17. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We did cure AIDS. With treatment, nobody today suffers from AIDS.

      Source? The most recent trial I can find still reports AIDS in treated people:
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26192873

    18. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry, forgot the quote:

      The risk of AIDS was not zero among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, even among those who had full viral suppression while receiving antiretroviral drugs.

      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26192873

      I can't imagine a statement that more directly conflicts with your claim than that one.

    19. Re:I'll believe it when I see it.... by burbilog · · Score: 1

      I personally only consider the first one a cure. Under the second definition you are still negatively impacted by the disease which is, to me, a perversion of the term cure. You may not be at risk of death or injury from the disease but your life is still negatively impacted by the disease by requiring you to upkeep treatment in order to avoid the death or injury.

      I personally consider both as cure because I have incurable problem: asthma.

      That "negative impact" is much better than no treatment at all. I have an asthma and always had since 1979. I was disabled person in USSR, because they had no real drugs to deal with asthma. Later, when USSR dissolved I was able to get some first-aid inhalers (like Berotek), but these did not work well, sometimes they stopped working and I had to call emergency (in 1995 that happened 3 times during the year) and doctors were unable do anything to stop asthma attack. Later in 1999 I learned about hormone-based inhalers and I use them for more than 15 years now.

      Now look, in 2000 I was able to dance ballroom dances and do other sports after I got normal treatment. Yes, I have to use inhaler every day. So what? Do you see the difference between healthy life and vegetable-like life inside your room only (in 1995 I was unable to work because of smokers around bus stops, and no, there were no cars at that time). For me, it IS a REAL cure and I don't give a fuck if I have to use them every day, that's about 10 seconds of my life per day.

  2. obligatory xkcd by juanfgs · · Score: 5, Informative
  3. cure of the day by wstrucke · · Score: 0

    There isn't much to say here. Let's hope that this time it works.

    1. Re:cure of the day by Captain+Sarcastic · · Score: 1

      "This time for sure! Nothin' up my sleeve..." - Bullwinkle J. Moose

      --
      Strike while the irony is hot! -- The Freethinker
  4. Where do I sign up? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just take my money already! Cure me dammit!

  5. Rundown by fey000 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    While the title is misleading click-bait, there is potential to this discovery. Here's a rundown:

    We already knew that miRNA (which is a regulator/anti-virus peptide working on DNA) was silencing tumour-suppressing genes, this is very old stuff.
    We already knew that re-introducing tumour suppressing proteins into cells that lack them would remove the carcinogenic behaviour.
    We did not know that adhesive proteins (a part of the external cell stuff that is commonly called Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM)) regulated miRNA in proximal cells. This is very interesting stuff, and leads to several intriguing possibilities. What if you flood a cancer site with adhesive proteins attached to a membrane connecting peptide? Will that upregulate tumour-suppressing proteins? What happens when you do this to healthy cells? If the response in heathy cells is low, this could be a universal "low-risk, unknown reward" medication for multiple cancer types, something cancer treatment has long lacked (all non-crazy-person treatments are dangerous to healthy tissue now).

    So, while not the panacea the title suggests, it's certainly an intriguing discovery.

    1. Re: Rundown by ememisya · · Score: 1

      So we're not at the apply this vial of harvested-tears-of-Chuck-Norris-on-the-affected-area stage for cancer yet?

    2. Re:Rundown by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The next question is what else is turned off as healthy cells will be affected

    3. Re:Rundown by Pseudonymous+Powers · · Score: 1

      What happens when you do this to healthy cells?

      That's the pertinent question, all right. I know it's not the researchers' fault, but I can't help wishing that they'd tried injecting this into a few of those born-with-cancer lab rats before telling us about it, so we don't get all excited about it if it turns out to kill the patient in addition to the cancer. How much time and money would that have cost them, really?

      I know, I know, that's not how science works. But we already know about a lot of things that can kill cancer cells if they're already in a Petri dish. Just off the top of my head: an oven; bleach; a hammer.

    4. Re:Rundown by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Posting anonymous because I'm lazy, but I believe some look into naked mole rates had previously suggested the ECM suppresses tumor growth.

    5. Re:Rundown by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What happens when you do this to healthy cells?

      According to biochemistry, potentially, they'll receive the same signal of "stop spreading" and they will stop spreading.
      According to biology, potentially, they'll create a "dead spot" for growth where the peptides were injected. Without replacing themselves, the section will slowly die.
      According to human biology, they'll ponder their sexual identities and get their own reality television series on The Learning Channel and be declared "Women" by popular media.

    6. Re:Rundown by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The investigators showed, in laboratory experiments, that restoring the normal miRNA levels in cancer cells can reverse that aberrant cell growth.
       

      Can you point out which experiment in the paper this refers to? The only cell growth they really measure is the soft agar assays, I don't see one where they treated with the miRNAs. Also, comparing Fig 3C to 4A, the effect of the PLEKHA7 knockdown was cut in half for some reason (from 3x to 1.7x increase in colony count over control). Also, figure 3A shows the junction resistance experiments. I'm not really familiar with this but they say:

      Measurements were made every 180 s at the 4,000Hz frequency that measures junctional impedance and at 64,000 Hz that corresponds to cell density. The 4,000Hz values were normalized to the 64,000Hz values to account for cell density variations.
       

      The raw data is available in the excel file (supplementary table 2), which lets us see those 64k HZ measurements that are supposed to correspond to cell density. From that data, there doesn't seem to be much of an effect of this knockdown on number of cells or growth rate.

  6. So by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    do I drink more coffee or less coffee or the same coffee? Do I take the Angelina Jolie course and cut it all off and out or the Christina Applegate course and just off?

  7. Inevitable by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

    "It took a few years," the wise one continued, "but once they polished a cure up, the clamor for smoking in public places built gloriously until a few years later, when those pollies removed the laws. They knew what side their bread was buttered on, which was the only reason they changed it in the first place."

    "What a bizarre little period that was," we stated.

    "Yes. It was."

    "What did the fussbudgettry turn their attentions to, then?"

    "Oh, I don't know. Anti 3D printed sex slave robots or something. They didn't have mouths genetically engineered growing outta their taints to give the what-for to their own junk, as guaranted by International Rights today, back in those days."

    "Craaaaazy!"

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    1. Re:Inevitable by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Although this post is probably the dumbest nonsensical one I have read here lately, I would point out that cancer is only one of the downsides of smoking. The other issue is that it damages your lungs irrevocably and reduces your ability to breathe normally. It also adds to heart disease. But only fussbudgets care about such things.

  8. this comes as no surprise. by nimbius · · Score: 3, Funny

    As a researcher whos grant money is majority funded by federal dollars, I can assure you we face much more stringent requirements in the lab than the private sector. At the end of the day we're in charge of switching off lights, computers, machinery--basically everything. For about 10 years now our benefactors have decided thats not enough, and have insisted we start switching off things like the mitochondria lest it waste energy. Switching off things like centrifugal force, strong and weak forces, and even electromagnetism (where applicable) has saved many countless grant dollars. So when we're researching cancer, its only logical we'd switch that off at the end of the day as well.

    In fact, ill let you in on a little secret. The heat death of the universe is billions of years away not because of some natural phenomenon, but because the research into the expansion of the universe is constrained by a mandate to make sure we put up all the timespace in the locked cabinet near doris' office at the end of the day.

    --
    Good people go to bed earlier.
    1. Re:this comes as no surprise. by Stenchwarrior · · Score: 1

      In response to your sig: I go to bed at like 8:00 am...by your rationalization I'm a GREAT person.

      --
      Loading...
  9. O great! by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

    Now we're all gonna die from Alzheimer's!

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  10. cancer cure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    can somebody please put some of that in a vial and give it to President Carter?

    THX!!

  11. When we asked about something liike this.... by mark-t · · Score: 1

    ... last year, after my wife had thankfully survived breast cancer, my wife's oncologist told us rather plainly that barring of some kind of unprecedented breakthrough, which he apparently did not consider to be likely anytime soon, it was not going to be possible. He suggested that the best anyone can realistically hope for is earlier detection, to the point that it may be more easily treatable, even potentially entirely noninvasively, but basically he suggested that hoping for any kind of actual cure in the future, or "turning off" cancer somehow was not being realistic.

    1. Re:When we asked about something liike this.... by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

      He's probably right... but with increasingly benign treatments and early detection, it could be possible to reduce cancer to a significant inconvenience. The difficulty in getting rid of every cell of it is why you can't ever be truly sure it is gone forever, but if treating it can be mundane from the patient's standpoint and without the harmful effects of current treatment that'd be a win.

    2. Re:When we asked about something liike this.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Look at it this way. We haven't eliminated infections, but most of them are avoidable/treatable without a big deal. As the effectiveness-inconvenience of treatment goes up, it's a win. A lot of stuff that used to be a death sentence is now treated with a handful of pills and maybe some bed rest. E.G. My wife was found to have a large, potentially malignant growth in her colon. The first response was major surgery: cut out 30cm of her colon, spend 6 weeks off work, 5 days in the hospital. After a couple fortunate introductions, we found a doc who removed the growth endoscopically - no colon removed, just the growth, one day off work, one morning in the hospital. Now, it may come back, but if we have to do two or even five endoscopic procedures, it's a vast improvement than one major surgery. As this procedure becomes more widely practiced, there will be one more health crisis turned into an annoyance. Step by step by step.

    3. Re:When we asked about something liike this.... by captjc · · Score: 1

      Correct. You can't cure cancer for the same reason you can't cure the Common Cold. Because there is no "Common Cold" just as there is no "Cancer". What you have is dozens or hundreds of different things that cause very similar symptoms that get grouped together to be named "Cancer" just as there are hundreds of different viruses that can give you cold-like symptoms.

      Cancer itself can be caused by genetic predisposition, viral infections, chemical exposure, radiation, excess exposure to the sun, or whathaveyou. Now, If you can treat what is common to all or most of them, you might be able to reduce it little more than a nuisance that is curable in 80-90% of cases instead of the generally survivable ordeal that it is now. However, it will not be eradicated anytime in the near future.

      --
      Slow Down Cowboy! It's been 1 hour, 47 minutes since you last successfully posted a comment
    4. Re:When we asked about something liike this.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Every time a cell divides it makes some errors in duplicating the DNA. If cancer is due to problems with the DNA, then anything that causes a need for increased tissue renewal will be linked to cancer. The commonality amongst cancers is having the wrong number of chromosomes (but no particular set of chromosomal abnormalities has been identified). I think it is pretty misleading to call it multiple diseases moreso than anything else. You can say the same about heart disease, etc.

  12. Wrong discipline? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Microprocessors and regular expression, you sure this is biotech?

  13. Grammar by OakDragon · · Score: 2

    "WE Scientists Successfully 'Switch Off' Cancer Cells" ... C'mon, Slashdot editors!

    1. Re:Grammar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, it's wee scientists, Ã la Fantastic Voyage. C'mon, Slashdot editors :-)

  14. Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Really US? As if your flagrant disregard for personal liberties wasn't enough, now you're pushing forced sterilization programs on certain subsets of cells you consider genetically "defective" by some arbitrary privileged criteria? Way to underscore your blatant classism. Seriously. Get your shit together.

    1. Re:Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Malignant cells are a cancer upon the system, multiplying only to destroy and ruin things for other cells. If it were up to me we'd just round them up and shoot them, so don't say that the US didn't try as humanitarian approach first.

    2. Re:Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When your system is set up such that the only expedient way to survive within it is to subvert and destroy it, you have a broken system. Pretending these malignant cells are the problem is the hallmark of a white-blood cell state that exists only to ensure the survival of a privileged few.

  15. Protean Syndrome by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Morphology has always been at the heart of Cancer.

    That the answer might lie in the Extracellular Matrix is no surprise.

    Only due to the forced over focus on grants and defunding of basic science have we literally been forced to turn a blind eye to it.

    It's exactly like saying "Your Fat because you Eat too much!" Well duh.. but you have to be able to make fat in the first place.

    If cancer cells can be "contained" by expressing or treating them with something that supresses their growth and reproduction.. they become a long term managable disease.. cellular surgery might be decades away.. or death by natural causes.. but the end result would be the same.. you don't die from Cancer.

    I hope someone funds the follow up.. if its not.. it may take another generation or two for some indepedently wealthy researcher to come up with the medication.. until til then.. people will keep dying of ignorance.