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Psychic Dogs and Enlisted Men: the Military's Research Into ESP (muckrock.com)

v3rgEz writes: Government research often pushes the boundaries between science and science fiction. Today, the proud bearer of that mantle is often DARPA, experimenting with robots, cybernetics, and more. But in the sixties, during the height of the Cold War, this research often went into more fantastical realms, even exploring whether ExtraSensory Perception (ESP) was possible. Thanks to FOIA, MuckRock looks back on the paranormal history of American surveillance.

49 comments

  1. Hallowed are the Ori by drinkypoo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Let us not forget the psychic spying program of the 70s, The Stargate Project. As mentioned in the linked WP article, this program was much of the plot of the film The Men Who Stare at Goats , though not actually mentioned by name in the film. When the project concluded in 1995, the report stated that "a statistically significant effect has been observed in the laboratory," but of course also that "it remains unclear whether the existence of a paranormal phenomenon, remote viewing, has been demonstrated."

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    1. Re:Hallowed are the Ori by timrod · · Score: 3, Funny

      One wonders if they would've had better results if they had been The Men Who Stare at Goatse instead.

    2. Re:Hallowed are the Ori by Number42 · · Score: 1

      They're supposed to explode what they stare at, not their own heads.

    3. Re:Hallowed are the Ori by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      One wonders if they would've had better results if they had been The Men Who Stare at Goatse instead.

      They exist, they're called content censors

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    4. Re: Hallowed are the Ori by ememisya · · Score: 2

      Hey uh, can I get a few millions to investigate existence of wizards? Wait, Big Foot, I've heard a lot about this mythical creature and we need lots of money. For science. No? Okay, so what if the enemy found wizards or the Big Foot first? They could have an army of wizards riding Big Feet. Imagine Chubacca, now imagine Chewey carrying Gandalf running at you. We got the funding? Wonderful, today is a big day for national security and science!

    5. Re:Hallowed are the Ori by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "a statistically significant effect has been observed in the laboratory," means a statistically significant chance of a large defense contractor receiving follow up work from the government.

    6. Re:Hallowed are the Ori by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But are their statistics statistically significant?

      I do believe we are our reality.

    7. Re: Hallowed are the Ori by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can make fun of it, while I can do it. Who is the more open minded and scientific one here?

    8. Re: Hallowed are the Ori by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The one retarded enough to believe in psychic ability.

  2. Wow by burtosis · · Score: 3, Funny

    Thank goodness the government dosent have a way to see into all of our daily lives with striking detail. That would have been a nightmare!

    1. Re:Wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      My masturbation habits would have promptly blinded any remote viewers.

    2. Re:Wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Informative

      Slashdot needs an +1 "good use of irony" mod.

    3. Re:Wow by nido · · Score: 1

      According to Ingo Swann, This is what ultimately killed the program. The spooks hated the idea that there are no secrets.

      I met Ingo twice, in Las Vegas. He said that he ought to have written more fiction books, which paid better than being a psychic lab rat.

      --
      Learn the rules so you know how to break them properly.
      www.teslabox.com
    4. Re:Wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only if you subscribe to the Catholic Church and similar outfilts.

      Chimpanzees masturbate all the time.

      According to a SCIENTIFIC study, this improves the quality of your sperm. Which is good for your offspring, in case you find a girl ;-)

    5. Re:Wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      His website looks like that of a Con Artist.

      What he apparently does is to take unusual words and concepts from the electronic and IT world, mix them up randomly and then sell the brew as books. In other words: gibberish.

    6. Re:Wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Design funds for /. in particular has been exhausted long time ago. Only maintenance activity is allowed and paid.

  3. A Boy and his Dog by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Dog

  4. Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by rmdingler · · Score: 1
    It's less interesting to know the answer to (most) everything than it is to believe in things that are supernatural.

    Understandably, many of us are reluctant to give this long-held tradition up.

    The widespread dissemination of information provided by our present technology is an abomination to a long human history of superstition.

    --
    Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

    Ernest Hemingway

    1. Re:Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      1. "Supernatural" is an annoying word. If e.g. ESP is possible, it would be something amazing, but natural, and we'd go about finding an explanation for it. Dismissing the possibility of some occurrence merely because it is commonly associated with those who do not seek explanations is irrational

      2. Some of these tests showed statistically significant positive results. More recent research, I assume, remains classified.

    2. Re:Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by rmdingler · · Score: 1
      Annoyingly accurate.

      It's similar to the bigfoot / loch nessie conundrum. If these creatures existed, they would be natural.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    3. Re:Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ESP itself is neither scientific nor unscientific — but it can be studied scientifically or unscientifically, and scientific studies find no support for the hypothesis that
      ESP exists. Those who ignore the evidence and insist that ESP is a real, natural phenomenon fail to meet one of the key aspects of scientific behavior:

      assimilating the evidence.

    4. Re:Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by umghhh · · Score: 1

      Most of modern technology is a mystery to most of people. They have no clue how it works and soon that it does in the first place. It is desired to be so (some hippy greens claimed long time ago that electricity comes from the wall and not from the power plants and this was already in 60ties of last century). For some of this people the belief in supernatural will be based on what they know and that is little. When this sort of ignorance reaches the ruling elite there will be only short time before dark ages. I wonder how likely it is to happen say in next 50years.

    5. Re:Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by rmdingler · · Score: 1

      For some of this people the belief in supernatural will be based on what they know and that is little. When this sort of ignorance reaches the ruling elite there will be only short time before dark ages. I wonder how likely it is to happen say in next 50years.

      Sadly, level of ignorance of the people who choose and are allowed to vote is the single most deterministic factor in the selection of the ruling elite in our Western democracies.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    6. Re: Paranormal = What is not explained by Science. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We must be reading different studies. In fact, many skeptics have been quite completely converted after learning remote viewing themselves. It really is quite simple, and effective.

      Who would argue against "intuition"? This is just doing it on purpose. It's unscientific to declare, or try to prove, a negative.

  5. It was disinformation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ESP was a cover for remotely reading evoked potentials by radio.

  6. On the one hand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    ...any sensible military would look into the possibilities of something like that, even if they knew full well it was highly unlikely to pay dividends; the advantages of your having it and the enemy not - or the disadvantages of the opposite - are just to large to ignore.

    On the other hand... it doesn't take a genius to work out that ESP was always almost certainly going to be a wash-out. Why? Because evolution. The randomness that drives evolution is an unbelievably powerful tool for solving problems - try out any and all tweaks that are available, hone in by competition on the ones that work better than others, and keep refining. When it comes to senses, we already know of many different ways in which organisms interact with their environment: pressure waves (including sound); electrical fields; magnetic fields; electromagnetic radiation (including, obviously, the wavelengths of "visible" light, and even including quantum effects). If so-called ESP (by which I mean the sort of "seeing at a distance", and similar, effects that projects such as these were looking for), it would still, ultimately, have to exploit some underlying mechanism grounded in physics. Over time, it is utterly, mind-bogglingly unlikely (given the equally-mind-boggling number of mobile living organisms that have come and gone during the full, "deep time" history of life on earth) that no organism would have even begun to exploit such a mechanism - because any organism able so to do would potentially have a significant competitive advantage over its peers. And getting humanocentric - in particular, any early human hunter able to "know", even slightly, where his or her prey was, or what it was doing, would have had a significant competitive advantage over similar people with no such ability, and have been likely to pass that ability. Over time, we'd expect to have seen the ability strengthen and refine. By now, we'd expect most of humanity to have it. And, of course, we do HAVE such abilities - sight and hearing. But another, useful remote sense that we don't recognise? Even if WE hadn't developed it - if, say, it was of such a nature that it unavoidably came with disadvantages that outweighed its competitive usefulness - we'd expect to find it being used in SOME ecological niche where that disadvantage wasn't such a problem. Anecdotal stories of animals "knowing" what is about to happen notwithstanding, so far there's not a shred of evidence that that's the case; whenever we look deeper, we find out that what's happening is (to use Tim Minchin's well-chosen words) "not magic".

    Put simply - if we actually have to ask whether such an ability exists... ...it doesn't.

    1. Re:On the one hand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Put simply - if we actually have to ask whether such an physical phenomenon exists... ...it doesn't.

      Only in the realm of unknown phenomena, do people casually believe things are not possible. SMH

    2. Re:On the one hand... by avgjoe62 · · Score: 2

      I am mostly in agreement with your argument, but I'd like to play devil's advocate here, just to explore some possibilities.

      ESP, more specifically the "seeing at a distance" you reference, would, I think, require intelligence to make it useful. Otherwise, if you have no idea that what you are seeing is a window into the world that you cannot see, you would not be able to act on it and therefore it would be evolutionarily useless and, as you point out, not an advantage worth keeping.

      Also, if intelligence has to arise before such an ability becomes useful, it makes sense then that this adaptation would be very primitive. I am thinking of eyes here, how at first they were very primitive adaptations that let early organisms distinguish up from down based on light to the full visible spectrum organs that have evolved multiple times in different genera at different times. So perhaps some individuals do have an ability that, to the rest of us, is extra-sensory, but perhaps it is a very limited ability compared to adaptations that have been honed for millions of years.

      Personally, I am not convinced that ESP exists, but I am willing to accept that such abilities may arise. So I see nothing wrong with testing to see if there might be some truth in claims for these abilities.

      --

      How come Slashdot never gets Slashdotted?

    3. Re:On the one hand... by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Informative

      Put simply - if we actually have to ask whether such an ability exists... ...it doesn't.

      There have been several studies now which show a statistically significant psi effect, though too small to be practical.

      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    4. Re:On the one hand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No but the program is good for divesting million (or billions these days ) of dollars into other 'black' projects like regime change , cocaine and exploding cigars for Cuban leaders with a beard.

    5. Re:On the one hand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      . Why? Because evolution. The randomness that drives evolution is an unbelievably powerful tool for solving problems - try out any and all tweaks that are available, hone in by competition on the ones that work better than others, and keep refining. [...] to do would potentially have a significant competitive advantage over its peers.

      What a stupid argument.

      Let's apply your reasoning to other things: There is no IR spectrum because if it existed, we'd be able to see it, so advantageous would be that adaption. Compasses are a myth because, if such a device were possible, we'd all have a sense that allowed us to exploit your alleged magnetic field around the earth to better navigate unfamiliar surroundings.

      But you already know that your argument is incredibly stupid, so you've provided a defense against the obvious counterpoint. Unfortunately, for you, it's just as ridiculous as your original argument:

      Even if WE hadn't developed it - if, say, it was of such a nature that it unavoidably came with disadvantages that outweighed its competitive usefulness - we'd expect to find it being used in SOME ecological niche where that disadvantage wasn't such a problem.

      On it's face, its laughable. "If it hasn't evolved somewhere on earth, it's impossible as it would have happened to some species, if not our own for unnamed reasons because even if it's not advantageous for us, it must, by necessity, be useful to some other species." First, why should it be necessary that it confer some significant advantage for some extant species? If the advantages to us are outweighed by its disadvantages, why is it impossible for those disadvantages to outweigh the advantages for every species? Second, how do you know that no creature has ever evolved such a capability? Your assertion depends on a perfect knowledge of every species, which is obviously ridiculous.

      Find a better argument. This one is so bad it'll convert a skeptic to a believer as they run as far as they can from irrational nonsense like this.

    6. Re:On the one hand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Put simply - if we actually have to ask whether such an physical phenomenon exists... ...it doesn't.

      I guess we'd better pack-in science and close up shop. No real point in continuing if we take that load a bullshit at face value.

    7. Re:On the one hand... by RespekMyAthorati · · Score: 1

      Were the odds 10:1 that the results were a fluke? 100:1?1000:1? 10000:1?
      Without defining the degree of significance, the phrase "statistically significant" doesn't mean a damn thing.

  7. All science pushes the boundary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That is what research does. Separating Science Fact from Science Fiction. By the very definition boundaries are being pushed. The boundaries then either move or become harder. Maybe they never move, maybe someone just needs to do more research and push harder. Either way, it is progress.

    This is not crazy, not even when researching unlikely things like ESP. Especially for the army it makes sense. While the change that is results in something useful is small, so is the risk, an infinitesimal small part of the defense budget, but the potential gain is huge.

    And as an added bonus, we can now at least tell the crackpots to go away. We have tested it, it does not exist, you are nuts.

    1. Re:All science pushes the boundary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We have tested it,

      Yes.

      it does not exist

      That's not what the research seems to indicate.

      we can now at least tell the crackpots to go away.

      Yes. Please go away.

    2. Re:All science pushes the boundary by lucien86 · · Score: 1

      More accurate to say -
      There was an (observed) effect, but the effect was small and too unpredictable to be 'useful'.
      The psychic 99% garbage, 1% possibly or probably real..
      Analysis of physical effects implies very strongly that psycho-spiritual (religious) models of the world are not correct. To the layman this could be interpreted as proof of the non-existence of god. . .

      --
      Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..
  8. Doesn't even matter if they can see some things. by shess · · Score: 3, Insightful

    In a world where the vast majority of people are _not_ out to get you, it simply doesn't matter if they could see some things in some cases. Maybe they're very good at it, so they see 10 true things bad guys are doing and 1 false thing bad guys aren't doing ... plus 100,000 false things good guys aren't doing. Insofar as you have corroborating evidence, the psychic evidence is probably not useful, and if you don't have corroborating evidence, the psychic evidence is too noisy to be actionable.

    It would work well if your psychics where absolutely spot on almost all the time, like 99.99% (if you have many thousands of them), and they could do directed seeing so you could have them check each other. But, honestly, in that case a cabal of psychics would already run the world, either through being very wealthy or by being able to blackmail the people who actually do run the world.

  9. esp is irrelevant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Technology will far otpace anything we thought we could gain with esp.

  10. Just how well-studied was ESP? by DahGhostfacedFiddlah · · Score: 2

    ESP and similar phenomena inhabit an interesting place in our history. There have been accounts and claims throughout history and undoubtedly prehistory as well. But as far as my 5-minute Googling tells me, these claims were never tested with scientific rigour until late 1800s.

    So I wonder if there was some justification in doing these studies. Does anyone know if ESP had been scientifically ruled by the time these studies were done, or if these were the first large-scale studies with the appropriate level of rigour?

    It seems foolish to us now, but at some point, we had no evidence of the null hypothesis. I'm just curious at what point in the timeline that changed.

    1. Re:Just how well-studied was ESP? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Re:Just how well-studied was ESP?

      Very:

      There are a number of orgs but three that stand out are: Stanford, CSICOP & JREF

      From a more pragmatic point of view the the JREF has a $1,000,000 prize to anyone who can show, under proper observing conditions, evidence of any paranormal, supernatural, or occult power or event and no one has claimed it.

    2. Re: Just how well-studied was ESP? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I could read minds, a million dollars is no incentive to share that information...Why would I ever tell anyone?

    3. Re:Just how well-studied was ESP? by DahGhostfacedFiddlah · · Score: 1

      When I said "was", I meant during the period these experiments were running. It seems they started in the 50s and ended in the late 70s. Just how ridiculous was it during that period for the military to throw a few million to "paranormal" studies?

      "99% chance there's nothing there" ridiculous, or "been studied for a century with nothing to show for it" ridiculous"?

    4. Re:Just how well-studied was ESP? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How important were spies during the Cold War? How much would a world superpower pay for the ability to detect spies with even an 80% false-positive rate? How about the ability to detect a grand conspiracy? How much money would today's government spend to detect terrorist cells, psychically?

      Even if it turned out that "psychic mindreading" was just the person's exceptional ability for smelling and subconsciously interpreting pheromones, like with the psychic dog study, that would be a huge gain for intelligence gathering, questioning, defense, etc. etc.

      My buddy is epileptic. He's got a dog that detects his seizures and sits him down so he's safe a minute or two before they hit. Whatever it is that signals the oncoming episode (pheromones, micro-tremors, behavioral changes, body chemistry) the dog somehow trained itself to be attuned to that, something that humans have been unable to do. It *appears* to be psychic, though it's obviously picking up on something we're not. It looked like the study was trying to pick up what this sort of thing might be and how it could be utilized.

      The problem with that is the same problem with polygraphs. Maybe the dude is sweating because he's strapped to a friggin polygraph machine!

  11. The Psychic Dogs programs were scrapped by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    because even the average gi could see the dogs were smarter than them and the dogs knew it.

  12. Garbage by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This article is garbage.. It's about a project to determine the extent of a canine's sense of smell. The only linking factor to ESP is, "In some circles, this study, performed at the behest of the Defense Technical Information Center, was thought to be one of the first looks into the ExtraSensory Perception in Dogs."

  13. Re:Doesn't even matter if they can see some things by zapadnik · · Score: 1

    In the case of ISIS and the Muslim Brotherhood, their ideology is laid out precisely (Koran and hadith and life of the barbaric Mohammed, which they are emulating exactly), yet the US Government's principle action is to prohibit any association of Islamic "jihad" with "Islam". Obama refuses to utter the words - which is strange since he's not an authority on Islam, only Allah and Mohammed are (and they agree with ISIS on what it is).

    My point is - no matter how good the US could have gotten with remote viewing, they still will not act on it - just as they have not acted decisively on the information gained in the Holy Land Foundation trial which laid out exactly what the Muslim Brotherhood and Organization of Islamic Cooperation were up to - and as a result we have the 'leadership' of the West aiding the agenda of these groups against the citizens of the World. We live in a time of mass insanity.

  14. Bingo. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We Must Not Allow A Big Foot Gap. Not even a theoretical one !!!

  15. Kill For Vatican D.C.!!!!!! by Ruralhack · · Score: 0

    Language Automated Ignorant humans from 1492 lost their Nature. Frame this article as Tainted Nature!!! Hi Future. These murderous settlers are everywhere today. But not for long.

  16. Officers? by tmjva · · Score: 1

    Obviously, officers weren't good enough.

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