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Kepler Confirms 100+ New Exoplanets (phys.org)

schwit1 writes: Astronomers have confirmed another 100 of Kepler's more than 3,000 candidate exoplanets. Phys.org reports: "One of the most interesting set of planets discovered in this study is a system of four potentially rocky planets, between 20 and 50 percent larger than Earth, orbiting a star less than half the size and with less light output than the Sun. Their orbital periods range from five-and-a-half to 24 days, and two of them may experience radiation levels from their star comparable to those on Earth. Despite their tight orbits -- closer than Mercury's orbit around the sun -- the possibility that life could arise on a planet around such a star cannot be ruled out, according to Crossfield." Because the host star as well as many of these other confirmed exoplanets are red dwarf stars, the possibility of life is reduced because the star and its system is likely to have a less rich mix of elements compared to our yellow G-type Sun. In May, Kepler added a record 1,284 confirmed planets, nine of which orbit in their sun's habitable zone.

37 comments

  1. Wow! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Its like an infinite universe has infinite stuff in it!

    1. Re:Wow! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The post above confirms both of these.

      Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.

  2. Less rich mix of elements? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Where's the reference for this? Red dwarf stars are simply very-low-mass stars, there's no reason to think that their chemical makeup is different. A first generation of red dwarf stars without heavy elements should theoretically exist, but none have been observed so they must be very rare.

    1. Re: Less rich mix of elements? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      While there is still speculation and lack of clear observation for essentially metal free population III red dwarfs, there are plenty of older population II stars around that are metal poor, including many red dwarfs.

  3. Opportunity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We should be doing more with the fact we have the life market cornered.

    1. Re:Opportunity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Damn Ferrengi, you'd probably sell your own mother's beetlesnuff!

  4. Nerds in a pub? by invictusvoyd · · Score: 1

    two of them may experience radiation levels from their star comparable to those on Earth

  5. No! by NotInHere · · Score: 1

    The summary title contradicts the first sentence of the summary. And the sentence is correct, not the summary. Kepler doesn't confirm exoplanets, kepler gives a list of candidates. Its the opposite job. The confirmation is done on earth.

    1. Re:No! by GuB-42 · · Score: 2

      Kepler could have confirmed exoplanet, unfortunately he is a few centuries too old for this.

    2. Re:No! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      How about: "The Kepler research team confirms their findings by coordinating independent verification of the data." This is what is implied by the headline, and a less pedantic person would understand that. Just read the first two sentences of the actual article:

      An international team of astronomers have discovered and confirmed a treasure trove of new worlds. The researchers achieved this extraordinary discovery of exoplanets by combining NASA's K2 mission data with follow-up observations by Earth-based telescopes including the W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, the twin Gemini telescopes on Maunakea and in Chile, the Automated Planet Finder of the University of California Observatories and the Large Binocular Telescope operated by the University of Arizona.

      If you expect Slashdot or phys.org to lead with a more complex title just to be technically accurate, instead of a concise sound bite that identifies the subject the reader is most likely to care about (Kepler), you need to learn a bit more about how flexible, mature people deal with the world. Believe me, I know what it's like to be 'technically correct', but still a social misfit because I don't see how other people work their way through life. Pedantry is not an endearing personality trait.

    3. Re:No! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Indeed, confirming Kepler observations is the new thing for the serious amateur, who nowadays can obtain the accuracy required without spending professional sums on instrumentation. It's also too boring for the pro's to bother with.

  6. Netcraft confirms it! by freeze128 · · Score: 1

    Kepler replaces Netcraft!

    1. Re:Netcraft confirms it! by Tablizer · · Score: 0

      uranus.node++ tops the charts

  7. Pedigree by Tablizer · · Score: 2

    Because the host star as well as many of these other confirmed exoplanets are red dwarf stars, the possibility of life is reduced because the star and its system is likely to have a less rich mix of elements compared to our yellow G-type Sun.

    Doesn't that depend on the history of the parent stars that came before them? Perhaps they are less likely to have lots of elements, but since there are more red dwarfs, the total quantity coming from a "rich" parent(s) should be higher. But perhaps they are comparing per given star system.

    Another alleged problem with red dwarf systems is that planets are more likely to be tidally locked, with the same face pointing to its sun all year. This may result in fewer habitable areas, unless the planet is lucky enough to have a thick, windy atmosphere.

    1. Re:Pedigree by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You appear to have not factor time into your thinking. What we see now (ignore light travel time) is not how things have always been. Go back 5 billion years, how were the systems then? Perhaps they were closer to our own system in a different period of -+x*10^9 years; just as our solar system will probably be unrecognisable in 5 billion years time. Stars have a life-cycle, and people forget that too fucking often.

    2. Re:Pedigree by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You appear to have not factor time into your thinking. What we see now (ignore light travel time) is not how things have always been. Go back 5 billion years, how were the systems then? Perhaps they were closer to our own system in a different period of -+x*10^9 years; just as our solar system will probably be unrecognisable in 5 billion years time. Stars have a life-cycle, and people forget that too fucking often.

      How much would that matter with a red dwarf as your primary star? Red dwarf stars are not the dying remnants of larger main sequence stars like white dwarf stars, they formed that small and will remain that small for their entire lifespan.

    3. Re:Pedigree by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      Maybe red dwarfs systems tend to come from parent stars that produce few elements? Just a guess since this is not my field of course the story could just be totally wrong about that. I have little faith in Slashdot summaries and I did not find that statement in the post from NASA.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    4. Re:Pedigree by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Another alleged problem with red dwarf systems is that planets are more likely to be tidally locked,
      That has nothing to do with the colour (red) or size (dwarf) of the sun but with the distance of the planet to the sun and "time". I'm not sure, but I was of the opinion even Earth is far enough away to never be tidal locked.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    5. Re:Pedigree by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      Planets, within the habitable zone, for red dwarfs would likely be tidally locked, as the distance then is actually a function of the color (as a proxy for temperature) and size of the star.

      Earth is far enough away to never be tidal locked.

      Earth has a tidal locking timescale of ~30 billion years, although a resonance is an alternative outcome. That is too long for the given age of the universe, but considering that scales roughly like the sixth power of distance, you don't have to move much closer to shorten the timescale. Move a lot closer, and you make resonances, like Mercury, much harder too.

    6. Re: Pedigree by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Red dwarfs have long life spans. This means that on average they are old stars. Old stars have low metal content because relatively few stars had time to supernova to synthesize and spread heavier elements by the time the red dwarf was formed.

    7. Re:Pedigree by Kreuzfeld · · Score: 1

      Small, red dwarf stars are "that way" merely because they have lower mass. So there's nothing systematically different about the amount of heavy elements in them, relative to Sun-like stars. In fact, our study said nothing at all about the likelihood of these planets to host life -- our knowledge of the requirements for that are slim enough, and our understanding of these new planets still too shallow, to say anything definitively about life on these planets.

      Also, so far there is no clear sign that the occurrence of planetary systems around these small, red stars correlates with the heavy element fraction of the star -- but it's a field of active research that our team is looking into.

    8. Re:Pedigree by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      That is why I said that the summary could be wrong and it looks like it is. As to knowing what is needed for life we do know that just do not know the limits yet. The questions about life on a planet around a red dwarf are interesting to say the least. Would the spectrum allow for photosynthesis? How well would it penetrate an ocean? Also the fact that a red dwarf could be stable for a very long time is also interesting as far as the development of intelligent life goes.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    9. Re:Pedigree by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The point being that red dwarf stars burn for a long time, so on average they're very old, and older stars formed before large quantities of heavier elements existed.

      Not accounting for the fact that the star (and by extension it's satellites) would have formed in a different environment from what is out there now, is disregarding the star's lifecycle. Satellites orbiting a red dwarf stars are probably poorer in heavy elements than those orbiting a G type star as the red dwarf is probably much older by enough that they juts didn't have those elements " back in it's day".

      As an analogy, tortoises can live as long as 200 years while a cuttlefish lives 2-ish years. So if you find a random tortoise, it's probably older than most cuttlefish potentially much older. It's not a sure thing, but it's the safe bet.

    10. Re:Pedigree by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Earth's rotation is due to eventually become tidally locked with the Moon's rotation. That may override the Sun's influence, at least until the Moon crashes into Earth, if the universe lasts that long.

      The Moon is due to get further away by stealing rotational momentum from Earth. However, once tidally locked, it will gradually get closer.

  8. 4 Potentially habitable worlds in one system by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We've found the Puppeteer homeworlds !

    Oh shiiit .....

    Larry Niven fans will understand why this is a problem ....

  9. Re: I would have thought... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You're confused. They simply agreed to stop calling Pluto a planet because they redefined it as a dwarf planet. They were never wrong about it - it's real, it's there.

  10. Re: Bad summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

    Not that much different you fucking moron.

  11. Yellow stars are the best by Bohnanza · · Score: 1

    Already well-known from playing MoO for years.

    --

    -----

    Sorry, I'm only a 1336 h4x0r.

    1. Re:Yellow stars are the best by Kreuzfeld · · Score: 1

      Indeed -- but what we didn't know about planets back in the MoO era could fill a lot of modern exoplanet textbooks. Nonetheless, I'm sure all my hours of MoO-playing as a child (and after) helped contribute to me writing this big paper.

  12. Neat! But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Neat, but I think in order to accurately gauge how awesome this is, we need to also know how many potential planets have been dismissed as not actually being planets.

    1. Re: Neat! But... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Kepler expects about 10% of their potential planets to be false positives.

  13. That's great! by MiniMike · · Score: 1

    Now we just need to figure out how to get there (or anywhere but here).

  14. Re:I would have thought... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Pluto would have been a huge lesson in how wrong any guesses on what a planet may or may not be would turn out - need I remind just how wrong almost every astronomer was about Pluto? And thats a metric fuckton easier to "observe" than a suspected exoplanet.

    Hell, I seriously doubt that some of these "planets" will even be there if we ever managed somehow to journey to them.

    Which is why 'exoplanet' is defined differently from 'planet'.

    Also since we apparently didn't learn the same lesson when Ceries got reclassified to "asteroid", I'm not sure why anyone expected us to learn it from Pluto and Ceries getting reclassified to "dwarf planet".