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Can Computerized Brain Training Prevent Dementia? (newyorker.com)

"Researchers believe they have found a link between speed-of-processing training and a reduction in cognitive decline among the elderly," reports the New Yorker. An anonymous Slashdot reader quotes an article about how this new long-term study actually contradicts much of the previous science. In October of 2014 a group of more than seventy academics published what they called a consensus statement, asserting that playing brain games had been shown to improve little more than the ability to play brain games... no brain game, nor any drug, dietary supplement, or lifestyle intervention, had ever been shown in a large, randomized trial to prevent dementia...until today, when surprising new results were announced at the Alzheimer's Association annual meeting, in Toronto.
Nearly 3,000 participants with an average age of 73.6 participated in the study, with some receiving "speed of processing" training -- and some later receiving four hours of additional training. "The researchers calculated those who completed at least some of these booster sessions were 48% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia after ten years than their peers in the control group." Signatories of the 2014 consensus statement panning brain games are now calling these new results "remarkable" and "spectacular".

49 comments

  1. It's one study... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's one study. Wait for independent duplication before calling it remarkable. It could still be proven to be as much of a hoax as vaccines causing autism, global warming, or evolution. Exercise caution in believing a single study.

    1. Re:It's one study... by skids · · Score: 3, Informative

      Wait for independent duplication

      Well, the study took 10 years, so hopefully there are others going on in parallel. Because that's some pretty slow progress on a real bane of a problem.

    2. Re: It's one study... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Vaccines and other medications are usually accepted on a single corporate non duplicate studies so I guess that we should wait with that to.

    3. Re: It's one study... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I believe you might be without clue.

    4. Re:It's one study... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Wait for independent duplication

      Well, the study took 10 years, so hopefully there are others going on in parallel. Because that's some pretty slow progress on a real bane of a problem.

      What is fascinating is that this might now extend the "All of your problems are your own fault" crowds finger pointing to the final frontier - dementia.

      It even seems like a plausible premise, that using the mind keeps it healthy, but it could very well mimic a slow cognitive decline. If a person disengages from intellectual activity, it might just be that they were already naturally declining anyhow.

      anyhow, if it is true, I shouldn't have much problem - since retirement I've taken on many new mental endeavors. Tho' some think I am already demented.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    5. Re: It's one study... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your brain is constantly producing neural stem cells. Where they migrate to depends on what tasks you are doing, like programming, animation or doing sports. As long as you are practising those tasks, you'll keep those memories fresh. As soon as you stop, those memories start to deteriorate as they are not being constantly updated and reordered.
      Taxi drivers are known to develop an enlarged hippocampus as they remember every single route in a city.

    6. Re: It's one study... by RenderSeven · · Score: 1

      I believe you might be without woosh.

    7. Re:It's one study... by minstrelmike · · Score: 1

      In real life, you might want to exercise caution in believing in the outcome, but if you're worried about dementia, seems to me practicing brain games miy help and is at worst a waste of time, and probably less of a waste than watching television or surfing uToob. It's not gonna hurt (unlike some of the restrictive diets which cause you to lose weight thru bad nutrition).

  2. They calculated the results? by ITRambo · · Score: 1

    There was no real time measurement to prove or disprove that this works. They favorably calculated the possibility that in ten years some people would do better with their computerized brain training. This seems like a sham to me. I want to see results that verify, not predict, improvement.

    1. Re:They calculated the results? by FranklinWebber · · Score: 5, Informative

      No, they performed a measurement. FTA:

      "Ten years after ACTIVE began, ... more than three hundred met the criteria for dementia, but their odds varied significantly based on which group they had been assigned to. Among those who had been given no training whatsoever, fourteen per cent met the criteria for dementia. ... The comparable rate of dementia for the speed-of-processing group was slightly lower, at 12.1 per cent. And among those who had been invited to receive the additional training, 8.2 per cent developed dementia."

    2. Re: They calculated the results? by magarity · · Score: 1

      They tracked the participants for 10 years; how much more time do you want? Every study can have some criticism poked at it but number of subjects and time spent don't look like good candidates to call this one on.

    3. Re:They calculated the results? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      This is a well-known con. They gave a a group the initial "training", then monitored them and gave those with the least signs of dementia the "additional training", thus invalidating the study from a factual basis.

    4. Re:They calculated the results? by Aighearach · · Score: 2

      That would be a major accusation if it was based on facts, rather than rank speculation.

  3. I know this is slashdot, but ... by dbIII · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I know this is slashdot, but the computers here are just a delivery system not the content.
    Dust off all those Martin Gardner puzzles in print or PDF, plus various other puzzles and you've got the same thing whether it is on a monitor, tablet or paper.

    1. Re:I know this is slashdot, but ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe. But did you read the article? The computerized program is repeating the same test, while increasingly making each round subtly more difficult. It's specifically focusing on "speed of processing".

      So for what it's worth, it's different than crossword puzzles...

  4. does not compute .... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    errr what was I saying ?

  5. Easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Since Alzheimer apparently already sets in at the age of three, the answer would be "no".

    1. Re: Easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is that relevant to the development of dementia?

    2. Re:Easy answer: by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's one particular gene that is associated with Alzheimer's. There is no "Alzheimer's" gene, despite what the summary says. Even if there were, it doesn't mean you can't do anything to delay it. You could make an argument that the disease called death starts having an effect at the age of zero, but you should still buckle up and not smoke.

    3. Re: Easy answer: by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Give him a break, he can't tell the difference, he's not as sharp as he used to be.

  6. Gut feeling says: no by tgv · · Score: 0

    I worked in a related field, and my gut feeling says no. How much arithmetic can you teach someone in a few hours of training? How much of a foreign language? Almost nothing, and it will be forgotten in a matter of months. So it's very unlikely that a few hours of training is enough to dramatically reduce dementia or whatever mental health problem.

    1. Re: Gut feeling says: no by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is that relevant to the article?

    2. Re: Gut feeling says: no by thesupraman · · Score: 1

      Ffs. I hope your related field is not very related.
      Do you really think that is a valid comparison? Really? Teaching versus dementia avoidance?

      Perhaps you think moderate exercise is not good for general health because 10 active minutes a day can't teach you to run a marathon?

      And.. I knew the bar to pepper in medical research had got quite low.. But... Gut feeling? That's your standard to rebut ten years of research? You should work in psychology, sociology or economics.. You will fit right in.

      Leave the rest of the grown-ups to do some real work.

    3. Re: Gut feeling says: no by tgv · · Score: 2

      > Teaching versus dementia avoidance?

      I'd have to agree it's probably harder to control the processes that grow dementia.

      But first, they would have to have a damn good explanation why previous training methods did not improve speed of execution.

      > Leave the rest of the grown-ups to do some real work.

      Well, the grown-ups in psychology and psychiatry have fucked up quite a bit, haven't they? There's no base for trust in spectacular results. That requires really solid evidence and either replication or a model that explains how it's supposed to work. Neither is provided.

        > Gut feeling? That's your standard to rebut ten years of research?

      Jesus Christ. I explicitly say it's "gut feeling". I did not write "to my best expert judgement". By the tone of your reply, you feel attacked. If so, ask yourself why.

    4. Re:Gut feeling says: no by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      I'll give you a hint: remembering what happened in the study has as much to do with the benefit as remembering running has to do with the benefits of running. Exercise benefits you when you do it, not when you remember it.

  7. Something is wrong here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why haven't these researchers come forward in 2014, when the 70 academics released a statement about the futility of "brain games," I wonder. Even after "only" 8 years, they could have issued some preliminary results.

    1. Re:Something is wrong here by skids · · Score: 1

      Actually, they did. The 10 years was in 2014, this conference presentation appears to be after a couple years follow-up work to see the results of refresher training.

      https://www.nia.nih.gov/newsro...

    2. Re:Something is wrong here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Personally I'm hoping they really have something and it's not a sponsored trick by the likes of lumocity.

      Still something seems off about this: the results were ready since 2014, and two years later there is still no peer-reviewed publication.

  8. Horrible disease. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I watched this horrible disease reduce two of the most powerful men in my life (direct relatives) to living corpses that could not even remember their own names. Truly, I hope no one ever has to face the horror of this disease either in themselves or someone they know.

    What is even more saddening is the amount of ignorance that surrounds this disease. I had a friend whom, upon finding out that I had relatives who had Alzheimer's, say he was glad that he had no family history of the illness, because he would never have to worry about this terrible affliction. It was quite a shock to him when I advised him that people with no family history of Alzheimer's make up a good portion of new Alzheimer's diagnosis every year. He flat out refused to believe me, going as far to assert that he KNEW that ONLY people with a family history of the disease capable of getting it. I was astounded at the ignorance.

    Society in in general still has a lot to learn about this disorder and the risks that everyone faces.

    1. Re:Horrible disease. by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Dementia is a category of symptoms, not a disease. This story is not about Alzheimer's. I am astounded at the aliteracy.

  9. From TFA: by ContextSwitch · · Score: 1

    "Of course, Edwards’s findings may not stand up to peer review" This study has not even been through peer review and therefore is not complete. This leaves me to wonder why the results have been published so early, smells fishy to me.

  10. Streaming ads straight to the brain by Laxator2 · · Score: 1

    Even better, implants that will deliver ads straight to the patient's brain coupled with a re-defintion of dementia will lead to 100% reliable results.

    Now if you'll excuse me I have to start my zombie walk, mumbling: "I will buy the latest Taylor Swift album, I will buy ..."

  11. Give up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You'll be demented. Demented you will be. Dementia is your fate. You will become an Alzhy zombielike shambler, doomed to stumble and mumble all over the place. The good news is that you will discover every day with renewed joy and blessed forgetfulness the experience of crapping in diapers. Demented!

  12. The premise is wrong by gtall · · Score: 1

    Computerized brain training one of the sources of dementia. Proof? It causes otherwise normal people to hand over money for an app of magic beans rather than simply going to the library and reading some science books...for free.

    1. Re: The premise is wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Education != toning what you already have.

      Fun fact, a considerable number of people that do Maths to a standard level (leaving secondary education), they do said maths very hackily indeed.
      They remember a large group of common previous examples and usually estimate it not being far off.
      Training to do those methods faster, and with any groups of numbers instead of the handful you come across at stores and such, it CAN help very much in optimizing the links in the brain.

      The brain, despite having a few billion years of evolution behind it, is not perfect at low-energy optimization.
      It is even lesser an expert at optimizing heavy abstractions which is why nonsensical stories are great ways of boosting creativity by linking seemingly unrelated ideas, like how treetops are related to the sky because it has rain falling from it, it has "clouds" (leaves) covering the sky, etc. Metaphor training helps too.
      Any sort of exercise you do that leads to better results PROVABLY rewrites synapses, this has been known for decades. Activity seems to be linked with lower incidence, at all levels.
      Pruning is always happening in the brain and that has links to the "use it or lose it" idea behind said pruning. Humans haven't lived this long to have had to deal with constant pruning.
      This is likely why it is happening more because people generally are living more zombielike lives of mental inactivity.
        Why keep those extra cores active when ain't nuffin hap'nin? The brains foundations are built on this optimization.
      But, equally those less physically active lives and tight clothes (even cold weather) can also lead to straight cell-death via mini-stroke, which can go undetectable for life in lots of people. These are being found in larger numbers as diagnosis improves.
      Keeping the brain active can improve heartbeat by a reasonably large jump that it could aid that side of failure.

      Still, it does need more research than this, staggered and varied research starting every year with different groups.
      It needs more funding too, it is becoming a very large problem now.

  13. Great study by Dunbal · · Score: 1

    those who completed at least some of these booster sessions were 48% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia

    The other 52% simply forgot about the booster sessions.

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  14. Manifest destiny. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Psychology has spent pretty much its entire life trying to prove manifest destiny, i.e. that some people are inherently better than others.

    First it was class, but that isn't enough, but clearly society is/was class-based so better class must mean better person, right?

    Then it was race, but that isn't enough, but clearly society is/was race-based so better race must mean better person, right?

    Now it's IQ, which coincidentally is affected by class and race, but clearly society is/was IQ-based so better IQ must mean better person, right?

    It doesn't matter that we're the same thick-as-pigshit humans that we've always been, making the same mistakes over and over through the millennia - our ability to solve specific, simple problems like how to match shapes confirms a better ability to build the infrastructure to create Pokemon Go, thus people with high IQ are better able to contribute to society. As people of high class. As people who are white or Asian or Ashkenazi Jew.

    And by "better able to contribute to society", I mean better able to build a specific type of fairly shit society - like a society built by marathon runners would be really good at fostering those who are built to run marathons, and appear to advance the state of the art in all problems that are helped by running marathons, but still fail hard at all remaining issues.

    captcha: dogging. Eh not tonight luv.

    1. Re:Manifest destiny. by skids · · Score: 1

      Now it's IQ, which coincidentally is affected by class and race, but clearly society is/was IQ-based so better IQ must mean better person, right?

      Yeah I often wonder where they will run to next once there's a gene therapy to activate IQ related gene expression in the brain, for the tiny sliver of IQ for which it is worth. Next thing you know it'll be golf scores.

  15. Crosswords are fun by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Crosswords! My great grandma was an avid crossworder, and she was sharp as a tack until her death at 95! Anecdotal to be sure.

  16. Correlation is not causation by LeadSongDog · · Score: 1

    It's just as likely (if not more likely) that cognitive decline reduces training. What were these people thinking? Oh,..., wait,...

    --
    Oh, I'm sorry sir, I thought you were referring to me, Mr. Wensleydale.
  17. Prevent Dementia? by boudie2 · · Score: 0

    You would have to have dementia to believe that playing a computer game will prevent it. If you get Alzheimers there is no treatment and the prognosis is a slow, confusing decline into helplessness. If they are truly suggesting their game helps people, they aren't even doctors and are only helping themselves. I call bullshit.

  18. Re:Mall shooting in Germany by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I think this anonymous coward is trying to be ironic here, since Germany doesn't have a 2nd amendment to repeal. It's hard to tell on slashdot sometimes, since anonymous trolls post the most absurd things with complete sincerity.

    Murder rate in Germany is 0.86 murders per 10,000, while in America it is 5 per 10,000; so whatever Germany is doing in the way of gun control: it seems to be working.
    (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Crime/Murder-rate )

  19. Learn a foreign language by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    One that you aren't already proficient in, well enough to travel abroad and chat with the natives with no assistance.

    But that's like diet and exercise - everyone knows it, fewer people actually do it.

  20. Re:Mall shooting in Germany by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Murder rate in Germany is 0.86 murders per 10,000, while in America it is 5 per 10,000; so whatever Germany is doing in the way of gun control

    This statement would've made sense, if all or most of the violent crimes involved an actual firearm. But that's not true — even in the "gun crazy" America, less than 10% of criminal violence involves guns... Fail...

  21. Re: Mall shooting in Germany by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The gun was bought on the dark web. We need to regulate the internet. Now.

  22. One in a long list... by matbury · · Score: 1

    There's a long list of activities that have been shown to slow or mask cognitive decline in the elderly, e.g. reading, being bilingual, learning a second/foreign language, and physical exercise but most of all, social engagement. There have been a number of studies that have shown remarkable improvements in not only cognitive function but also quality of life in retirement homes where they've enacted programmes where small children visit. The residents talk to the children, read them stories, and various other activities. Also beats crappy day-care where the carers barely have enough time to feed and change the children in their care, let alone engage with them socially and play with them.

  23. on the other hand by gzuckier · · Score: 1

    I suspect that belief that computerized brain training can prevent dementia is probably a symptom of early dementia.

    --
    Star Trek transporters are just 3d printers.