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Journalist Cleared of Riot Charges in South Dakota (nbcnews.com)

Her video went viral, viewed more than 14 million times, and triggering concerns online when she was threatened with prison. But a North Dakota judge "refused to authorize riot charges against award-winning journalist Amy Goodman for her reporting on an attack against Native American-led anti-pipeline protesters." An anonymous Slashdot reader quotes NBC News: Goodman described the victory as a "great vindication of the First Amendment," although McLean County State's Attorney Ladd Erickson told The New York Times that additional charges were possible. "I believe they want to keep the investigation open and see if there is any evidence in the unedited and unpublished videos that we could better detail in an affidavit for the judge," Erickson told the newspaper.
The native Americans "were attempting to block the destruction of sacred sites, including ancestral burial grounds," according to a new article co-authored by Goodman about her experiences, which argues that "Attempts to criminalize nonviolent land and water defenders, humiliate them and arrest journalists should not pave the way for this pipeline."

79 comments

  1. s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    As a North Dakotan, I've always suspected no one knows the difference.

    1. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by BitterOak · · Score: 1

      As a North Dakotan, I've always suspected no one knows the difference.

      Yes we do. You guys don't have Mount Rushmore!

      --
      If I can be modded down for being a troll, can I be modded up for being an orc, or a balrog?
    2. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Funny

      As a North Dakotan, I've always suspected no one knows the difference.

      I was planning to visit a friend in North Dakota, and he gave me directions to his house that included "Drive about half an hour until you see a tree, then turn left." When I asked for more specific directions, like the name of the road, he ensured me that just looking for a tree was sufficient. He was correct.

       

    3. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      As a South Dakotan, I can say that South Dakota is better than ND in every way possible. **FLAME**

    4. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by BitterOak · · Score: 1

      As a South Dakotan, I can say that South Dakota is better than ND in every way possible. **FLAME**

      Sorry, but North Dakota has the best hockey arena anywhere. #RalphEngelstadArena

      --
      If I can be modded down for being a troll, can I be modded up for being an orc, or a balrog?
    5. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by techno-vampire · · Score: 2

      What else do you expect? As far as most of the mainstream media is concerned, they're just a pair of flyover states.

      --
      Good, inexpensive web hosting
    6. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

      Sorry, but North Dakota has the best hockey arena anywhere. #RalphEngelstadArena

      I've been to a UND game there, and it is very nice.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    7. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did he ensure you or assure you?

    8. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by FatdogHaiku · · Score: 2

      Did he ensure you or assure you?

      It's a very nutritious tree...

      --
      You have the right to remain sentient. If you give up the right to remain sentient, you will be elected to public office
    9. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by quarlo · · Score: 1

      I'm a South Dakotan by birth. I only have one thing to say "Lawrencium (Bitch)"

    10. Re:s/South Dakota/North Dakota/ by davester666 · · Score: 1

      Maybe up until this month... Edmonton's new arena "Rogers Place" has kneecapped pretty much every bee in the Northern Hemisphere.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
  2. Still a justice failure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Many may say "this is the justice system working as intended" . If you are one of those people: you are wrong. This is the justice system being abused to send a message to all who disagree. "careful, we can hurt you. you mind want to consider before becoming going against us."

    And people still wonder how we managed to end up with the presidential candidates we currently have... We do not vote in anticipating for a bright and better future anymore. We vote in fear.

    1. Re: Still a justice failure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well it is the justice system just like it should. Some assholes _tried_ to abuse it though, and failed.

    2. Re: Still a justice failure by grasshoppa · · Score: 4, Insightful

      They did not succeed in their stated aims, but that is not the same as "failed". I'd hazard these douchebags were happy with the message that they sent.

      The only "fail" condition for these officials would have been some form of punishment up to and including deprivation of the roles and responsibilities as government agents.

      They basically threw some shit at the wall to see if it would stick. It didn't, but it did leave a nice stain, and they're free to do it again and again in the future.

      --
      Mod me down with all of your hatred and your journey towards the dark side will be complete!
    3. Re: Still a justice failure by radarskiy · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In 2008 Amy Goodman filed a civil suit against the Minneapolis and St. Paul Police Departments, the Ramsey County Sheriff and United States Secret Service which resulted in a settlement.

      So, the day ain't over yet.

    4. Re: Still a justice failure by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well it is the justice system just like it should.

      Not true. Dragging someone through an expensive and time consuming legal process is often far worse than any possible judicially imposed punishment.

      Some assholes _tried_ to abuse it though, and failed.

      1. They abused it by spending the tax dollars, and on behalf of, the citizens of North Dakota.
      2. There is (apparently) no consequences, either legally or politically, for the abusers.
      This is not "as it should be".

    5. Re: Still a justice failure by Calydor · · Score: 1

      A settlement.

      That's legalese for taking a bribe to go away, right?

      --
      -=This sig has nothing to do with my comment. Move along now=-
    6. Re: Still a justice failure by StillAnonymous · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So, the settlement money came out of the taxpayer's pocket in the end. Great. Just great.

      Can't the assholes responsible be sued personally?

    7. Re: Still a justice failure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At first I questioned whether trespassing and potentially hazardous vandalism is indeed peaceful. But hearing First Nation activists describe on Democracy Now the way in which Keystone was rerouted over their historical grounds in violation of treaties made my blood boil. Go Amy!

    8. Re: Still a justice failure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, the settlement money came out of the taxpayer's pocket in the end. Great. Just great.

      Can't the assholes responsible be sued personally?

      The people who voted the assholes making the policies had to pay. If they don't want to keep paying, they can elect somebody else.

    9. Re:Still a justice failure by KingBenny · · Score: 1

      Yah ... indeedly , id mod insightful but im out
      it needs a better title like "journalist released after being warned to "dont do that again or else" ... always with the sarcasm, cat ? yea, precious, if this werent election year she probably woulda rotted

      --
      Free speech was meant to be free for all... how can anyone grow up in a nanny state ?
    10. Re: Still a justice failure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes there is some expense to travel to ND from NY and to stay there a few days. Call it $1k. She went to ND on Friday October 14, and the charges were all dropped/quashed by Monday October 17. A few hours of her time over the six weeks since incident on September 3. Big deal.

  3. Re:Why I Am Voting for Jill Stein by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Vote for Pedro!

  4. Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a felony? by BozoForPresident · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I hope Amy Goodman turns around and goes on the offensive against the pieces of shit that puked out these bullshit charges against her.

  5. Jew escapes the law again -nt- by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    nt

    1. Re:Jew escapes the law again -nt- by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're almost right. She's funded by Soros, so make that two Jews escape the law again.

  6. Re: Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a fel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Informative

    This might have happened decades ago, when things like Watergate were possible. But now the media are fully beholden to the Ruling Elite, and the Patriot Act is there to punish those who think otherwise. Things will go as the Caste decide.

  7. Re:Still a bullshit protest by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Well rassle up your rooty-tooty-point-and-shooty and go take care of them radical leftists, Dippity Internet Warrior.

  8. Re: Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a fel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    This might have happened decades ago, when things like Watergate were possible. But now the media are fully beholden to the Ruling Elite, and the Patriot Act is there to punish those who think otherwise. Things will go as the Caste decide.

    Goodman works for the independent and viewer funded Democracy Now! network. She is one of the anchors. I agree that a lot of the media are under control, but not her.

  9. Re:So pat yourselves on the back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm amazed you can still type with that enormous chip on your shoulder.

  10. Attack of the Monster Wolf by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The tribe don't have to be worried much longer. Soon the pipeline work stumbles upon an ancient artifact, an indestructible stone circle of sorts and they shall unleash an undead wolf-like furry beast to devour the enemies of the tribe.

  11. Re:Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a felo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The prosecutors did nothing wrong. The real felons here are the Amy Badman and the judge that choose to illegally not uphold the law.

    What law?

    She wasn't trespassing and she wasn't rioting, so what law?

  12. Re:So pat yourselves on the back by wbr1 · · Score: 1

    Look at the name. I'd wager it's not a chip. Rather he's full of piss and vinegar.

    --
    Silence is a state of mime.
  13. Re:Will Liberal Censorship never end? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 0

    They probably rigged Mitt Romney too.

    No, but his yacht was rigged.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  14. Re:Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a felo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    SHUSH! She broke a law. Breitbart and Drudge told him, and thus was it so! Details are for those who hate America.

  15. Re:So pat yourselves on the back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You know who else is a big fucking surprise?

    Your mom.

  16. Re:progressive thinking by drinkypoo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    But heaven forbid people want to build an oil pipeline, something that actually makes roads safer and actually saves energy: then progressives are up in arms and start protesting and rioting, and they are not above using Native Americans as props in their political theater.

    Until you start using the most primitive of available technologies to make oil pipelines safe, like double-walled pipes with interstitial leak monitors, you can stick those oil pipelines up your ass.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  17. Had similar issues in NH, but we are winning a war by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    There is a migration movement in New Hampshire called the Free State Project and its attracting a lot of liberty-minded individuals to the state for the purpose of pursing liberty and freedom. The underlying philosophy is that you should not utilize violence, fraud, or coercion to achieve social or political goals. Unfortunately that's exactly what a state does. If there is no victim, violence, theft, fraud, or coercion there should be no crime. Principled libertarians (as opposed to the frauds that make up the national libertarian party, ie republicans took it over essentially) don't think we should have guards on the board deciding who can come and go, that the state should be giving permission to travel/drive (drivers licenses), have a construct called 'intellectual property'/copy'right'/etc, or stealing money for social programs such as government indoctrination programs (ie public schools). No victim, violence, coercion, theft, or fraud there should be no crime.

    So as one can imagine government agents have repeatedly violently attacked the most active and public individuals and politicians in this movement. Failing that they have libelled and slandered people. A prominent example of that is police and various government agents have attacked a radio host Ian Freeman, here in Keene, New Hampshire, numerous times.

    Once they raided his place, of which he rents some rooms, has a studio, and an activist center in search of building code violations. They got him on a dead battery in a smoke alarm (they came with warrant in hand and police where normally a letter would be sent and no warrant would be issued to conduct the search, but the idea in and of itself is just unbelievable, that the government can come in and search at any time for building code violations, yet this really happens).

    More recently those who hate him have been spreading misinformation about his stance on age of consent in an effort to paint him as a child molester. They twisted a story about his sexual experiences as a young person with an older person into him supporting child molestation. The FBI even got in on the act shortly after he attacked the FBI on the air for *DISTRIBUTING CHILD PORN* (if children are harmed by the act of viewing CP they were being hypocritical for distributing it). Two weeks later the FBI raided his home, stole his studio equipment (10s of thousands of dollars worth), his tenants computers, his computers, and so on. 30+ computing devices were stolen in the raid and these people will never get them back. He has not been arrested and this was nothing more than a smear campaign to ruin his image. It's hard to ruin a person's image who advocates non-violence and peace- but make it out as though the person is a child molester and the people will do it for you.

  18. Re: Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a fel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    She's funded by soros.

  19. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 1

    Until you start using the most primitive of available technologies to make oil pipelines safe, like double-walled pipes with interstitial leak monitors

    That's a bullshit argument. The pipeline uses whatever technologies federal regulators imposed on it. And that's obviously not going to satisfy either Amy Goodman or the tribal chiefs.

    you can stick those oil pipelines up your ass.

    You're projecting your own desires.

  20. Re: Will Liberal Censorship never end? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ah, but was it a bigger yacht than the US Navy's after WWI?

  21. Should read by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Should read:

    Her video (subscription required) went viral...

  22. Re: progressive thinking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So in order to do harm you blame fed regulation for being too lax? Boy you are in for some karma!

  23. Re:Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a felo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    She deserves prison as much as you deserve to be an American.

  24. Re:Had similar issues in NH, but we are winning a by mvdwege · · Score: 0

    a lot of liberty-minded individuals

    That's a nice euphemism for 'a bunch of freeloaders who want all the advantages of a modern state but refuse to pay for it'. Don't believe me? Then why is the first reason the Free State Project puts up on its list taxes?

    Nothing to do with freedom, unless it is the freedom to be a moocher on what others built.

    --
    "I know I will be modded down for this": where's the option '-1, Asking for it'?
  25. Let's get the other journalists cleared as well by Rademir · · Score: 4, Informative

    By all means, celebrate Amy Goodman's charges being dropped. But did you know there are many other journalists also facing charges for covering the pipeline resistance?

    Two documentarians facing decades in prison.

    Four Unicorn riot journalists facing charges in North Dakota and Iowa, and another was arrested on Saturday as part of the largest set of arrests in one incident to date.

    Follow /r/NoDAPL for more.

    --
    ourpla.net is your planet
    1. Re:Let's get the other journalists cleared as well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd rather be in a position to celebrate Amy Goodman getting gassed and ovened. Oy vey!

  26. Read the New yorker article by cellocgw · · Score: 1

    In the 24 October issue, there's an article about former detective Peter Forcelli, who now works to get wrongfully convicted folks exonerated. It's a sad tale about failings (and biases) of juries, judges, cops, and DAs. Just like the quote in this case, where the local DA wants to keep the case open just in case they can find something else indictable. He got caught doing bullshit and now wants to cover his ass regardless of the truth.

    --
    https://app.box.com/WitthoftResume Code: https://github.com/cellocgw
    1. Re:Read the New yorker article by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      Seems to me that the judges are doing their job by tossing these charges as soon as they look at them, so juries aren't involved. The abuse is from the cops and DAs.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  27. trespassing is a crime by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    She was trespassing. That's a crime. Nothing about being a journalist makes that any less of a crime. However, being a leftist agitator means she gets a pass.

    1. Re: trespassing is a crime by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The owners have a duity to ask her to leave, this never happed so no trustpassing.

    2. Re:trespassing is a crime by rochrist · · Score: 1

      She wasn't charged with trespassing.

    3. Re:trespassing is a crime by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  28. Not over and not just one journalist by stoatwblr · · Score: 1

    Other journalists are also facing charges. This is not over by a long shot.

    It should be noted that the charges are being brought at county level. State/Federal prosecutors can AND SHOULD step in to curb this kind of legal system abuse.

  29. Re:Is malicious prosecution ever treated as a felo by rochrist · · Score: 1

    Oh look! An idiot, loose on the internet!

  30. Re:progressive thinking by Daemonik · · Score: 1

    That's a bullshit argument. The pipeline uses whatever technologies federal regulators imposed on it. And that's obviously not going to satisfy either Amy Goodman or the tribal chiefs.

    Ah, so you admit the glorious job creators wouldn't give two wet squirts about safety if the evil government didn't impose upon them to do so!

    I feel like progress has been made.

  31. Re:progressive thinking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    then progressives are up in arms and start protesting and rioting, and they are not above using Native Americans as props in their political theater.

    First off I am Native American and have friends and family there right now protesting. I don't know where you got the idea that "Progressives" who ever they are are using Native Americans as "Props". This protest is run by the Tribe and Native Americans themselves. First this isn't the same "eminent domain" battle as in a State. The Tribe IS a Sovereign Nation with Treaties with the US. This makes it all come under different laws. Second we have had our land stolen for over 500 years and are now left with the most useless parts of the land. (Ever been there?) So now let's take that land for a pipeline. As Native Americans we don't have much left and we would like to keep what we have in a clean state. This is their land by Treaty Rights so the US and the pipeline companies have no say yet the pipeline companies come in with their goons and seek attack dogs on pregent women and other unarmed people. in order take by force what is not there.

    The eminent domain ONLY is a law WITHIN the US. The Rez is Tribal land and doesn't come under State or Federal law when it comes to eminent domain. The Tribe's council decides that and the vote from the Council was NO. So please take your pipeline somewhere else and please leave us alone.

    The US government is a government of Thugs. It always has been since the beginning. If someone doesn't want give something up freely well then take it by force. It happened to us of over 500 years and this proves it STILL GOES ON TODAY. Not only here but the US has taken this thug attitude with it to everywhere else in the world. Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan Vietnam countries in South America and the list goes on and on.

    One day you will have to pay for your sins against the world.

  32. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 1

    Ah, so you admit the glorious job creators wouldn't give two wet squirts about safety if the evil government didn't impose upon them to do so! I feel like progress has been made.

    Well, yes, as owners of the land that the pipeline runs over, the government is naturally the institution demanding safety. What makes government "evil" is that it usually acquires property by force, gives it away to powerful special interests, and does a piss poor job managing and preserving it.

    That is, if this land (and the Indian territory) actually was private property and managed as private property, then there would be nothing to riot and protest about.

  33. Re:Had similar issues in NH, but we are winning a by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You notice you have been down voted into irrelevance by the ohh soo tollerant liberal intellectuals on /.

    You fucking whiny bitch, as of my reading of this thread, that comment had ZERO down-votes, and +2 Interesting up-votes.

    Go have a good cry on Breitbart about how you're such a victim of those nasty "tollerant [sic] liberal intellectuals", what with their counting all the way to 2 and other elitist stuff.

  34. Re:progressive thinking by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    as owners of the land that the pipeline runs over, the government is naturally the institution demanding safety. What makes government "evil" is that it usually acquires property by force, gives it away to powerful special interests, and does a piss poor job managing and preserving it.

    That is, if this land (and the Indian territory) actually was private property and managed as private property, then there would be nothing to riot and protest about.

    Wait, is it evil to acquire property by force, or not? Because... how do you think the government got the land this nation is based upon?

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  35. Re: So pat yourselves on the back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Well she's big, and she fucks, but that's no surprise!

  36. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 1

    Wait, is it evil to acquire property by force, or not?

    To a classical liberal like myself, of course it is.

    If you're a progressive, socialist, or other kind of statist, on the other hand, then the use of force to take people's property is necessarily OK, since your kind of government wouldn't function without it.

    Because... how do you think the government got the land this nation is based upon?

    Some of the land was taken by force, other land was simply unoccupied.

    Are you trying to get at something?

  37. Re:progressive thinking by drinkypoo · · Score: 0

    Some of the land was taken by force, other land was simply unoccupied.

    There was no land which was simply unoccupied. Some of it was very sparsely populated, but the natives had over ten thousand years to figure out what the population densities should look like.

    Are you trying to get at something?

    It's the government's land, because they took it by force! But wait, it's wrong to take land by force. So... give your land back to the natives and fuck off.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  38. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 2

    There was no land which was simply unoccupied. Some of it was very sparsely populated, but the natives had over ten thousand years to figure out what the population densities should look like.

    What you call "the natives" were thousands of different tribes, groups, and nations. And there was plenty of unoccupied land after European diseases had (unintentionally) killed off more than 95% of the population of the Americas. You're demonstrating your ignorance and racism by reducing the pre-Columbian people and their diverse political and social systems to "the natives" (and, of course, they are actually no more "native" than Europeans).

    It's the government's land, because they took it by force! But wait, it's wrong to take land by force. So... give your land back to the natives and fuck off.

    The pre-Columbian people that land was taken from are dead; you can't return anything to them. What you are suggesting is to distribute government property based on race, which is the kind of policy espoused by racists and fascists; you know, people like you.

  39. Re:progressive thinking by david_thornley · · Score: 1

    You're saying it was OK to take land as long as you kill the occupants first, as long as it's your doings that killed them but it's not really your fault.

    The natives were here first. Sure, their ancestors came from East Africa like all the rest of us, but centuries or millenia of one group occupying land does qualify them as natives, if the word has any meaning. US settlers didn't seem to care much about the diverse political and social systems, as long as they could get rid of them and take their land.

    Do you really mean to say that it's OK to take land provided the people who were alive when you came are now dead? Are you advocating a 100% inheritance tax or something? The Native Americans there can trace their ancestry back a long ways, and are the heirs of the people the land was stolen from.

    --
    "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  40. Re:progressive thinking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    good luck, I really can't understand how this is still a thing that can happen.

  41. Re:progressive thinking by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    The pre-Columbian people that land was taken from are dead; you can't return anything to them.

    I think you mean pre-Columbus. Pre-Columbian would be prior to the founding of Columbia. That would also be the case, but it's not really what you're going for.

    Regardless, some of those peoples are still around, in spite of our government's best efforts to commit genocide.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  42. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 1

    I think you mean pre-Columbus. Pre-Columbian would be prior to the founding of Columbia. That would also be the case, but it's not really what you're going for.

    If you don't understand a word, I suggest you use a dictionary.

    Regardless, some of those peoples are still around

    Well, yes, some of those peoples are still around, which matters to racists and fascists, who believe that races and peoples have rights and share collective guilt. None of those people are still around, which is what matters from the point of justice and liberty.

    in spite of our government's best efforts to commit genocide.

    Well, you should know, since it's people with your political beliefs that call for, and commit, genocides.

  43. Re:progressive thinking by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    Well, yes, some of those peoples are still around, which matters to racists and fascists, who believe that races and peoples have rights and share collective guilt. None of those people are still around, which is what matters from the point of justice and liberty.

    It was the peoples who owned the land. They were very much territorial. In some cases, land was owned by a smaller group like a tribe or tribelet. The land was taken from them collectively, so any redress must be to them collectively. You might not recognize the value of the collective, but they do.

    The truth is that the land you currently possess was taken from the prior owners by force. It's quite possible that they or their descendants are still around, and if you actually believed that taking property by force is wrong, you'd give it back to them. You don't, but you sure to like to claim the moral high ground that you're not even vaguely close to approaching. There's no way you can in good conscience sit there and rant about property rights you clearly don't believe in, and also be taken seriously.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  44. Re:progressive thinking by ooloorie · · Score: 1

    They were very much territorial. In some cases, land was owned by a smaller group like a tribe or tribelet. The land was taken from them collectively, so any redress must be to them collectively.

    Stolen property is only returned to someone who can actually establish legal ownership. That means demonstrating that the item was originally owned by the person and that the person now making a claim has inherited that property. Furthermore, there are statutes of limitations and issues of jurisdiction, which means that even if you owned something once, you may not be able to recover it from a new owner.

    What you are saying is that because a long dead person of "race A" had stuff taken from them by a long-dead person of "race B", today, people of "race B" owe a debt to people of "race A". That's not how property rights work, sorry.

    The truth is that the land you currently possess was taken from the prior owners by force.

    The truth is that pre-Columbian Americans had taken that land by force as well, multiple times. The truth is that every human on this planet was, at some point, ousted from their property or homeland. My own family lost all their property multiple times over the past few centuries. That's the way the cookie crumbles.

    You don't, but you sure to like to claim the moral high ground that you're not even vaguely close to approaching.

    Of course, I take the moral high ground vis-a-vis your position: your position is the position of racists and Nazis. The Nazis also viewed themselves as the original tribal inhabitants of Northern Europe and their entire war was about demanding "their" land back that the Roman empire and other "invaders" had taken from them. Those kinds of theories are racist bullshit, no matter whether they are applied to pre-Roman Germanic tribes or pre-Columbian American tribes.