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Scientists Genetically Engineer the World's First Blue Chrysanthemum (sciencemag.org)

sciencehabit shares an article from Science magazine: True blue flowers are a rarity in nature -- they occur only in select species like morning glories and delphiniums. Now, researchers have created a genuinely blue chrysanthemum by adding two genes to the normally pink or reddish flower. The advance could be applied to other species -- and it may mean that florists wanting to hawk blooms of blue will no longer have to dye them...

The next step for Noda and his colleagues is to make blue chrysanthemums that can't reproduce and spread into the environment, making it possible to commercialize the transgenic flower. But that approach could spell trouble in some parts of the world. "As long as GMO [genetically modified organism] continues to be a problem in Europe, blue [flowers] face a difficult economic future," predicts Ronald Koes, a plant molecular biologist at the University of Amsterdam who was not involved with the work.

75 comments

  1. i will never forget... by mapkinase · · Score: 1

    ... where I was at that moment.

    --
    I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
    1. Re:i will never forget... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... where I was at that moment.

      The moment where you realized this will eventually be applied to black people to make them less scary to white people?

    2. Re: i will never forget... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Black people are less scary when holding blue flowers?

    3. Re: i will never forget... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Blue people are less scary than black people?

    4. Re: i will never forget... by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      Blue people are less scary than black people?

      Of course. How many people are afraid of Blue Man Group? None.

    5. Re: i will never forget... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They scare me, and people with epilepsy.

    6. Re: i will never forget... by davester666 · · Score: 1

      I'm pretty sure a lot of people in the southern states in the USA tried this already, and they remained scared of black people. Of course, instead of genetic modification, they just beat the hell out of a lot of black people to make them blue.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    7. Re: i will never forget... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I still beat my negro in blue ridge, ga. only ones allowed in this town are if they are owned

  2. Next up - Na'vi by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

    And scientists are just starting to create designer humans.

    "My own suspicion is that the Universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose" JBS Haldane

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    1. Re: Next up - Na'vi by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Way more than LGBTQ out there!

    2. Re:Next up - Na'vi by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      Well, designer humans imply some fashion sense, right?

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    3. Re:Next up - Na'vi by burtosis · · Score: 1

      Wow what a cute baby you have there! Is it apple or android?

    4. Re:Next up - Na'vi by Baron_Yam · · Score: 1

      >And scientists are just starting to create designer humans.

      The problem with Na'vi (beyond their impossible weird psychic hair-link with trees) is that only an adult would consider altering themselves to be a giant blue North American Indian analog, but it looks very much like any kind of macroscopic change needs to be done when you're just a single cell... so that kind of change is for your kids.

      I think we can argue about engineering healthier, stronger, longer-living, smarter, more emotionally stable children (mostly on a religious vs. practical reality basis), but almost everyone should agree that making your offspring into a giant blue smurf would be a form of abuse.

    5. Re:Next up - Na'vi by meglon · · Score: 1

      It comes in tartan or paisley.

      --
      Fascism: An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. See also: NAZI's
    6. Re:Next up - Na'vi by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Found the Gargamel

    7. Re:Next up - Na'vi by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Eh, probably your descendants will be fine as originally designed for your sig verse's purposes.

    8. Re: Next up - Na'vi by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't need gene therapy to become blue, you just need to drink colloidal silver.

  3. A piccy? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Anyone got a pic of the flower?

    1. Re:A piccy? by avandesande · · Score: 1

      this one looks like a legit piccy....
      http://www.npr.org/sections/th...

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
  4. Commercialization Trumps all other concerns by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I think the real reason for the necessary "next step" is not concerns about spread of blue flowers into the environment (what could be the harm?) but the inability to control the supply the flowers. So while I find the science interesting, I call BS where I see transparent stab at anti-GMO over making the plant sterile, when clearly the whole thing is an example of GMO.

    1. Re:Commercialization Trumps all other concerns by avandesande · · Score: 1

      A large proportion of flowers are created fairly easily by cloning through cuttings or tissue culture, so I think the sterility concern is not disingenuous.

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
    2. Re:Commercialization Trumps all other concerns by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 2

      Patents already cover that. Next time you're looking at potted flowers, check out how many of them have tags that say 'Propagation Prohibited' under the patent number. The floriculture industry always has something new and patented on store shelves. Sterility is not necessary for market control, unless someone somewhere is illegally violating your patent.

    3. Re:Commercialization Trumps all other concerns by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Plant patents prohibit asexual reproduction (i.e. grafts and cuttings). Sexual reproduction is not prohibited because (loosely speaking) it can't be prevented by the purchaser. Also, sexual reproduction doesn't dependably result in new plants genetically identical to the parent.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  5. BLUE? HA! by _KiTA_ · · Score: 1

    Blue? HA! That's NOTHIN'! This guy on Amazon has seeds that turn RAINBOW:

    https://smile.amazon.com/Loveb...

    Amazing what a bit of photoshop and some gullible people will do for your pocket book, eh?

  6. It's not GMOs that people object to. by Gravis+Zero · · Score: 5, Informative

    Informed individuals don't have a problem with GMOs, they have a problem with companies that want absolute control of GMOs. While this is a novel thing they have made, the vast majority of GMOs are to make plants resist increasingly caustic herbicides/pesticides. The problem with this is that despite how much you clean it, trace amount of the herbicides/pesticides remain on the plant and if ingested then become part of you and there is no real research into the long term effects of this. What's worse is that herbicides/pesticides don't just land on the crops, trace amounts are in the air which can be enough to kill unmodified plants. On top of that, being unable to use seeds from a previous generation of plant forces a continual dependence on a corporation which is only harmful to everyone but the GMO owner.

    TL;DR: GMOs are fine but corporations are assholes who don't care if you live or die.

    --
    Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
    1. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by NoNonAlphaCharsHere · · Score: 2

      Informed individuals don't have a problem with GMOs...

      I think I found the flaw in your logic. It applies to vaccines as well.

    2. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even conventional breeders of new varieties enjoy government guaranteed exclusive marketing rights for a certain period.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_breeders%27_rights

      The 20 year duration of patent protection to encourage innovation is hardly onerous.
      As long as the seed supplier isn't a monopoly and still subject to competition by other suppliers, the farmers are free to buy seeds from competitors.

      Of course if the patented genetically modified breeds are so good that the farmers "just gotta have it" then evidently the innovation might have been an advance worthwhile enough to encourage with something like a temporary patent privilege.

    3. Re: It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      /. Is evidence of what exposure to pesticides does. Look at the rantings of the vegan/vegetarian/sjw/millenials. More meat, less rabbit food. Dont be afraid to embrace being at the top of the food chain, moderation in all things. Variety is the spice of life, rabbit food isnt. Have you noticed herbivores arent at the top of the food chain?

    4. Re: It's not GMOs that people object to. by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 0

      I really shouldn't feed the troll, but this was too good to pass up.

      > Look at the rantings of the vegan/vegetarian ...

      Oh look! Another meat eater ranting about others who don't agree with their myopic view! How ironic!

      You DO realize that people have been vegan/vegetarian for THOUSANDS of years, right?

      > /. is evidence of what exposure to pesticides does.

      1. [[citation]]

      2. FTFY. Ironically this is evidence YOU don't know to capitalize only the _first_ word in a sentence. Why are you capitalizing "Is" ???

      > Have you noticed herbivores aren't at the top of the food chain?

      1. Your ignorance is assuming that Diet implies Intelligence. [[Citation]]

      2. No one gives a fuck.

      Quit trolling, because you suck.

    5. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Informed individuals don't have a problem with GMOs...

      I think I found the flaw in your logic. It applies to vaccines as well.

      I think I found the law in your logic. You believe you're informed.

    6. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by burtosis · · Score: 1

      I consider myself informed and there are more worries than just pesticide residue. These plants are often created to be drought and disease resistant on thier own, as well as growing in a wider range of climates. A danger is that these are grown, doubly so in an area where they are not indigenous, in such a way as to escape captivity. It's similar to the same risk imposed by the release of non indigenous species to a region. With GMO like salmon that grow twice as fast this could be a real concern if they somehow escaped and were able to breed. Containment of GMO is necessary else it could create species extinction by competitive pressures.

    7. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 2

      Your post only serves to prove that GMOs are exactly what people oppose. You mention corporate control of them, and yet, plenty of non-genetically engineered crops varieties are also patented. Besides that, those patents expire, like all patents...Monsanto's first generation of GE soybean is now available as an off patent generic...and you fail to clarify what is wrong with a system whereby one makes something superior, gains control of it for a limited time to recoup their R&D costs, then it falls into the public domain. I can only conclude that corporate control is not the real issue, or else far more than GE crops would be targeted, and the argument would be more coherent.

      You then mention herbicides and pesticides. This is actually a great reason to support GE crops. There are no insecticide resistant GE crops, but there are those which resist pests, and therefore need less insecticides. As for herbicides, yes there are herbicide resistant ones, but you neglect to consider the alternatives. Do you think weeds will just go away without herbicides? Nope, but without the GE crops, you have to use harsher types of herbicides, and soil damaging tillage, to control weeds. This argument makes sense only if you know nothing of how agriculture really works. Besides that, there are non-GE crops like the Clearfield lines are also bred to be resistant to herbicides, so even if you had a point, it still would not be a reason to oppose only GE crops as opposed to crop improvement in general. So we can conclude that this justification is also wrong. You may be referring to the recent dicamba problems, which is a real problem, but that is not an issue with the genetics so much with the herbicide formulation.

      Finally, you mention issues of saving seeds, which farmers haven't done since the rise of hybrid seed in the 30's. You rarely save seed anymore because it is more profitable to use seed with hybrid vigor, which does not breed true in the second generation. That's not the fault of corporations, that's just how genetics works. Again, if this were the real issue, people would be protesting much more than GE crops, so we can conclude that it is another justification.

      Basically, your reasons are invalid. They sound rational enough on the surface, so I can't fault anyone for believing them, but what they really are they are after the fact justifications to make GMO denialism seem somewhat rational to those not well versed in modern agriculture or crop genetics. Keep in mind, these talking points are coming from the same groups that also lie about non-profit, publicly funded projects, like the International Rice Research Institute's Golden Rice, or the University of Hawai'i's Rainbow papaya. Those who lie to you about science will also lie to you about business.

    8. Re: It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well good job at validating OP's premise, as your post was a rather incoherent rant against "meat-eaters" (i.e. omnivores, which all humans are) mixed in with random grammar complaints that seem out of place in the context and brought up for no other reason than you having run out of things to complain about.

      This is also a less convincing argument for veganism, as there is evidence of some mental impairment in your post. If this is the kind of mental clarity we should all aspire to by following your diet, color me unconvinced.

    9. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 1

      This is why opposition to plant patents makes no sense. Either patented plants are useful, in which case patents are clearly beneficial because they allow crop breeders to make a living and continue to make desirable new varieties, or the patents are not useful, in which case, it really doesn't mater if they are patented because you would be better off freely growing the older non-patented varieties.

      The problem is, in their effort to demonize every single aspect of GE crops, the anti-GMO people want to have the argument both ways, that plant patents are bad and that patented plants are no good. That farmers choose to pay extra for the patented varieties should tell you exactly where they stand.

    10. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 1

      For the most part, our crops are not particularly fit in the wild. They are to the wild plants what pugs are to wolves. A change made by genetic engineering will typically be pretty minor compared to the other aspects of the species. With drought and virus resistance, those have only been applied to corn and papaya/summer squash, respectively, and thus far there hasn't been any major ecological issues, although transgenes have been found in wild squash populations. You occasionally have canola or papaya growing feral in some places, but that doesn't have anything to do with their transgenics, and certainly they do not occur at a concerning rate as an invasive weed would. In theory there could be issues if a species able to reproduce really well were modified to survive well outside its typical range I suppose, but in general I think that would be the exception rather than the rule.

    11. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately vaccines and GMO have nothing in common.
      The first one is a life saver and the last one a permanent risk.
      And yes: I'm informed about both as we learn about both in school from about age 10 or 12 on ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    12. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      The problem with plant patents is their abuse e.g. by companies like Monsanto.
      Some stray seeds land on your ground, the plant grows, they sue you for patent infringement and surprisingly won often enough to sue farmers into poverty and losing all their land.
      Why a court has no common sense that plants have seeds and they grow where they drop is beyond me.
      We are not talking about farmers who had a field full with crops from patents but a few single plants.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    13. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 1

      I have never heard of a single case of that happening. The only cases where someone has gotten sued over cross pollination are those where someone then knowingly, purposefully selects for and propagates the transgenic material. If you don't want sued, don't violate patent law.

      If that did happen, yes, it would be terrible. But when the Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association filed a lawsuit against Monsanto a few years back, they were unable to provide a single instance of that happening when the judge requested it. That should tell you something.

    14. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2

      First hit on a google search:
      https://www.theguardian.com/en...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    15. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 1

      That doesn't at all disprove what I said. AS I mentioned, Monsanto does sue people. It is a well known and undeniable fact that they do. What I said is that they have never been documented to have sued someone for simple cross pollination, and that the cases I know of were justifiable, and could have been avoided had patents not been intentionally violated. I somehow doubt that the Center for Food Safety mentioned in your link, a group well known for their anti-GE activism, goes out of their way to mention those inconvenient details in their reports.

      Your link also mentions the Bowman lawsuit, which was ongoing at the time that article was published. That was not one of the cross pollination cases (more of someone trying to get circumvent patent law with a perceived loophole), however the Supreme Court would later unanimously and in my opinion justly rule in favor of Monsanto.

    16. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Monsanto is suing people who have done nothing wrong into bankruptcy and poverty.
      That was my point, you can find enough stuff about that yourself.

      That was not one of the cross pollination cases (more of someone trying to get circumvent patent law with a perceived loophole), however the Supreme Court would later unanimously and in my opinion justly rule in favor of Monsanto.
      Actually it was not a cross pollination, some seeds of surrounding fields dropped on his fields. So he lost his farm for a couple of random plants. Not for a paten violation ...
      How people can believe a farmer is violating the patent is beyond me anyway. For violating a patent you must "craft a similar product" using "technologies" described in the patent.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    17. Re: It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To do that you plant patented seeds without paying the appropriate fees, and then sell them.

    18. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If your opposition to GMOs is pesticide residue, then you're buying organic produce. Somehow I doubt everyone opposed to GMOs is buying only or mostly organic food.

    19. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      At the age of 10 or 12 the quality of the education used for complex subjects such as vaccines and GMO is inadequate, and likely to be one-sided.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    20. Re: It's not GMOs that people object to. by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      Plants don't produce useful forms of vitamin B12. If you don't get vitamin B12 (available from animal sources and chemical factories) your nervous system doesn't develop properly.

      Those vegetarians before vitamins became commercially available, who were not brain damaged, got their B12 from impure food: insect vermin in their grains, vegetables, and fruit.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    21. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by yndrd1984 · · Score: 2

      Actually it was not a cross pollination, some seeds of surrounding fields dropped on his fields. So he lost his farm for a couple of random plants. Not for a paten violation ...

      Vernon Hugh Bowman bought the seeds as commodities - not as something to be planted. Then he tested them to see if some were resistant to pesticide, and they were. Then he grew them, and then planted a second generation of them. Then he sold the resulting crop. This wasn't about 'a couple of random plants' - this was someone who deliberately went out of their way to knowingly make money off of someone else's patented seeds.

      The court ruled that, just like any other patented item, he could do pretty much anything he wanted with them after they were sold except make copies for profit.

    22. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by Mashiki · · Score: 1

      The first one is a life saver and the last one a permanent risk.

      You should pick up a history book then. Because dousing a rag with cider vinegar and covering your face was considered a life saver against the plague and flu. And vaccines were considered a permanent risk.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    23. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Having a vinegar rag over your face is indeed helping against catching bacteria, and in case of flue, it will at least filter the air and reduce the risk of catching it.
      However plague is mainly transmitted via flea bites.

      I was of the opinion that the anti vaxing ... oh ... vaccing ... shit red underlined, too ... anyway: the anti scene agains vaccination (ha! not red!) is a new phenomenon?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    24. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I don't know about this particular case.

      However if he bought the seeds and then panted them it hardly would be a patent violation in the rest of the world.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    25. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Of course it is more or less one sided.
      It is a school book after all.
      And probably the facts in the book are 20 years outdated, happens often in biology or sports :D

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    26. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by yndrd1984 · · Score: 1

      if he bought the seeds and then panted them it hardly would be a patent violation in the rest of the world.

      Even in Canada it wouldn't matter how you got them - if you make copies without permission, you're violating the patent.

    27. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      By planting seeds you bought, regardless from the producer or a third party that bought them from a the producer, you hardly infringe a patent.
      After all that is their intended purpose.

      There would be a patent violation if I would use monsantos seeds to breed a new kind of plant.

      Or do they argue, that you not only have to buy the seeds but also require a license to plant them?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    28. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Either patented plants are useful, in which case patents are clearly beneficial because they allow crop breeders to make a living and continue to make desirable new varieties

      You seem to just assume this is good. Patents mean people can't use plants however they feel like it. That is a cost, that you don't even consider one little bit.

    29. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by yndrd1984 · · Score: 1

      By planting seeds you bought, regardless from the producer or a third party that bought them from a the producer, you hardly infringe a patent. After all that is their intended purpose. There would be a patent violation if I would use monsantos seeds to breed a new kind of plant.

      That's the 'blame-the-bean' defense and would undermine the entire purpose of patenting anything that can self-replicate. You might as well argue that you didn't steal a car, but only pushed some buttons and pedals and the car moved on its own. Or that requiring me to burn all of my newspapers immediately after printing them doesn't really infringe on my freedom of the press since I did get to print whatever I wanted. I'm sorry, but that's just childish.

      Or do they argue, that you not only have to buy the seeds but also require a license to plant them?

      You don't have to buy the seeds - just like books you can buy them, get them as a gift, or pick them out of a ditch - all of that is fine. But you can't go on to grow/print and then sell your own copies - that violates the creator's exclusive right to make copies for a limited time.

    30. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      So, and how does then the legitimated use work?
      With your explanation no farmer could use the seeds.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    31. Re:It's not GMOs that people object to. by yndrd1984 · · Score: 1

      So, and how does then the legitimated use work? With your explanation no farmer could use the seeds.

      The same way a publisher gets the right to make copies of a book - they make a deal with the person who owns the rights. This goes back to what you said about needing to buy and license - you don't need to buy, but you do need a license.

      It's the same as (say) Harry Potter - you can get the books any of they ways you can get paper, or water, or any other commodity, but you can't photocopy them and sell them, or sell derivative works (movies, an illustrated version of the books, a new book with the same characters/setting/etc) without permission. That's how JK Rowling can make money off the the stories she wrote, and why only one publisher got to make books and only one studio got to make movies.

  7. Can't reproduce and spread ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "The next step for Noda and his colleagues is to make blue chrysanthemums that can't reproduce and spread into the environment"

    Now where have I heard that before ?

    Purple loosestrife comes to mind...

    Ah yes ! Now I remember ! "Nature finds a way"

    Now what could possibly go wrong ?

    1. Re: Can't reproduce and spread ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Explosion sounds in space. Superior robot race that runs on Javascript. Nature that finds its way.

      Yes. You are right. It is possible for the genes to jump from one species to another e.g. with the help of viruses. But please don't try to convince people with scifi.

      Also. If this mutation happens to spread and we will soon have more blue flowers. Ia that really so bad?

    2. Re: Can't reproduce and spread ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're not thinking ahead far enough.

      GMO's are Pandora's box. It's already too late. The same can be said of nuclear energy, nanotechnology, and a million other things we haven't even invented or discovered yet.

      Imagine the worst possible consequence of GMO's No matter how astronomically low chances are of this thing happening, given enough time, there's 100% chance that it WILL happen. It's simple probabilities. Whatever CAN happen WILL happen. This is the true meaning of Murphy's law.

      In fact, the INSTANT human intelligence became capable of creating even ONE way by witch it could completely self-destruct, humanity's fate was already sealed.

  8. Ban transgenic experiments. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Transgenic experiments are contra the nature.

    I recommend "natural selection" instead of transgenic experiments.

    1. Re:Ban transgenic experiments. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I recommend getting some education.

  9. add thc genes and you'll be rich by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    yes I'll take the bouquet of "green" flowers please

  10. Genuine Blue? by Zobeid · · Score: 2

    So... Most flowers that look blue are somehow not really "genuine" blue? Could we get some explanation of that? Our local bluebells and bluebonnets look pretty darn blue to my eyes. (I did once find a few mutant "pinkbonnets", by the way! They were cute.)

    The word "blue" has held varied meanings, and what computer systems today define as blue -- the B in our RGB scheme -- would have been regarded as indigo or violet in the not-too-distant past.

    1. Re:Genuine Blue? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Most flowers are not the color that you think they are. Your perception of color is based on the relative signals sent to your brain from from your RGB cones. The signal sent by each cone is based on a combination of the wave length and its intensity (i.e. what the "real" color is and how bright it is). Because there is substantial overlap between the frequency response of the cones, it is possible to create different combination of intensity and wavelengths that are perceived to be the same color. The technical term for this is Color Metamer. You can read more here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamerism_(color)

    2. Re:Genuine Blue? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Human colour perception is rather relative to other external factors. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... as an example for this.

    3. Re:Genuine Blue? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Most flowers are not the color that you think they are. Your perception of color is based on the relative signals sent to your brain from from your RGB cones. The signal sent by each cone is based on a combination of the wave length and its intensity (i.e. what the "real" color is and how bright it is). Because there is substantial overlap between the frequency response of the cones, it is possible to create different combination of intensity and wavelengths that are perceived to be the same color. The technical term for this is Color Metamer. You can read more here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamerism_(color)

      Except colors, being a concept that existed before humans learned about wavelengths and RGB receptors, are primarily defined in terms of human perception. So all things that look 'blue', to humans with color blindness, are blue.

      One can define other meanings of 'blue' (and other colors) that reference wavelengths, but that isn't the usual meaning of the words.

    4. Re:Genuine Blue? by careysub · · Score: 2

      If the flowers really look blue, then they are blue. However many (perhaps most) flowers "called" blue actually have red components in their color, and are thus some bluey shade of purple of violet. Blue flowers definitely exists, but are a minority for both evolutionary and (related) biochemical reasons.

      The principal claim of "few blue flowers" is really about the commercial flower trade. The major flowers sold by florists are roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, lilies, and gerberas none of whom have any true blue varieties. The blue flowers that do exist naturally are not good commercial flowers - ephemeral, small, difficult to grow, etc. This invention introduced a true blue color, with no red component, in one of the most widely grown commercial flowers.

      The evolutionary and biochemical reasons for the scarcity of blue is that the reason that flowers are colorful is to contrast with vegetation. For this reds are favored since this were chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly, creating the strongest contrast so evolution has favored anthocyanin chemistry that tends to the red end of the spectrum. Given these factors red-free blues are scarce.

      NB. Notice that I did not say that reds are favored because plants are "green". The reason I did not is that human visual perception is irrelevant to flower colors, which evolved to attract insects not humans or any other mammal. Humans have a very biased view of color due to the way our visual systems work - our color perception is especially sensitive to green, and insensitive to red, and in addition uses an opponent color perception mechanism that boosts the perceived contrast (green and red are opponents in out visual system). Our color perceptions are really bad measures of the actual wavelength reflectivity of things.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
  11. *facepalm* It's time to outlaw DRM by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The next step for Noda and his colleagues is to make blue chrysanthemums that can't reproduce and spread into the environment, making it possible to commercialize the transgenic flower.

    There's a how-many-billion-dollar gardening industry already, mostly based on plants that easily propagate. You already know for sure, that you don't need to cripple the product in order to sell it.

    But now they're using the possibility of DRM as an excuse to not go to market yet. i.e. they could have patent on the gene and already have every legal protection they need, and the law would have been sufficient to promote the progress of the useful arts and sciences. But some fuckwit got DRM in his head, and now progress is retarded instead.

    They have just made an excellent case for outlawing DRM. If DRMing the product would have been illegal (i.e. the company pays equity-destroying fines and at least one person goes to prison) then they wouldn't do it. And then they could just bring the product to market, make a fortune, and the law would have made something cool available.

    But no. Cannot be brought to market, because of DRM.

    If we want IP law to work, and to serve its original purposes, then we need to outlaw DRM.

  12. Not that rare. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "True blue flowers are a rarity in nature -- they occur only in select species like morning glories and delphiniums."

    Come to S. Texas in the spring. You left out hydrangea, bluebonnets, and blue bells. These are blue in my opinion, despite whatever "true blue" means.

  13. Blue Bunny by Templer421 · · Score: 1

    Next the Blue Bunny that brings me Ice Cream!

  14. Europeans don't eat chrysanthemums by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

    So they won't have to worry about the GMO flowers turning them into autistic zombies.

    The Japanese do eat chrysanthemums, so since this was their idea clearly they don't have a problem either.

  15. a next step... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm hoping for red, white and blue GMO dandelions.