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Universities Spend Millions on Accessing Results of Publicly Funded Research (theconversation.com)

Mark C. Wilson, a senior lecturer at Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, writing for The Conversation: University research is generally funded from the public purse. The results, however, are published in peer-reviewed academic journals, many of which charge subscription fees. I had to use freedom of information laws to determine how much universities in New Zealand spend on journal subscriptions to give researchers and students access to the latest research -- and I found they paid almost US$15 million last year to just four publishers. There are additional costs, too. Paywalls on research hold up scientific progress and limit the publicâ(TM)s access to the latest information.

76 comments

  1. Sci Hub! by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 4, Informative

    That's why I use Sci-Hub when I need to find an old paper I wrote.

    --
    I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    1. Re:Sci Hub! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's why I use Sci-Hub when I need to find an old paper I wrote.

      When I need to find an old paper I wrote, I look in my filing cabinet. But I'm old school that way.

    2. Re:Sci Hub! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When I need to find an old paper I wrote, I look in my filing cabinet. But I'm old school that way.

      you don't mention finding anything so we can presume that you never wrote anything and you're psychotic

    3. Re:Sci Hub! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's why I use Sci-Hub when I need to find an old paper I wrote.

      When I need to find an old paper I wrote, I look in my filing cabinet. But I'm old school that way.

      Hmm, I keep electronic copies on my computer. Each to their own.

    4. Re:Sci Hub! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Humble brag lol

    5. Re:Sci Hub! by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 2

      That's why I use Sci-Hub when I need to find an old paper I wrote.

      When I need to find an old paper I wrote, I look in my filing cabinet. But I'm old school that way.

      Hmm, I keep electronic copies on my computer. Each to their own.

      But the version on my computer is 15 different versions. The one that actually made it into the journal is one of them. That's the one I want to provide to whoever asked me for a copy of the paper. Sci-Hub only finds the journal version.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    6. Re:Sci Hub! by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      That's why I use Sci-Hub when I need to find an old paper I wrote.

      When I need to find an old paper I wrote, I look in my filing cabinet. But I'm old school that way.

      Filing cabinet? You overestimate the size of the modern cubicle dweller's cube.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    7. Re:Sci Hub! by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 2

      Humble brag lol

      Is writing a paper brag worthy? It's part of my job.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    8. Re:Sci Hub! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But the version on my computer is 15 different versions.

      mypaper.final_published_version.pdf

    9. Re:Sci Hub! by interkin3tic · · Score: 1

      Me too. But convenience is not the issue. The issue is journals are being fed tax dollars through subscription fees through universities, are also being fed tax dollars through publicly funded science submitted to them, are also being fed tax dollars in the form of publicly-funded researchers who volunteer to write and review the papers and serve as editors, and also are being fed tax dollars in fees paid to publish your article in those journals.

      It's one of the most bizarre economic arrangements. The consumers and suppliers are the same people, in both roles they compete for the journals rather than vice versa, in both roles they pay.

      To top it off, with the internet, there's not even the necessary costs of printing.

      The major costs of science publishers seems to be:
      - Advertising
      - Staff to handle taking the papers and giving it to volunteer reviewers, and entry-level copy-editors
      - Lobbyists to keep the gravy train rolling

      Without advertising, journal prestige wouldn't change, but that's utterly unimportant to anyone besides editors at D-list journals. Staffing is required, but not the millions being given to journals now.

  2. How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by CajunArson · · Score: 1, Insightful

    I don't see why there's an entitlement for universities in New Zealand to be given free access to work that was paid for with the tax money of people in other countries (and I'm sure the U.S. is #1 by a huge margin).

    The story would have made a better point if the author actually figured out how much New Zealand universities pay to get access to papers paid for by New Zealand taxpayers.

    --
    AntiFA: An abbreviation for Anti First Amendment.
    1. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by slashrio · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Because then American universities can be entitled to look for free in the results of Brazilian, Chinese, Russian, French, English, German... well, you got the point?

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    2. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As opposed to all the real research in the US that doesn't hold up to replication?

    3. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by hjf · · Score: 1

      Good thing you're not a researcher.

    4. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

      Not China. About four-fifths of all Chinese research is hidden from Western researchers eyes, and can only be viewed within China.

      Some of that could be that it's not published in English (most papers are in English or possibly French).

      --
      -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
    5. Re: How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Re: US taxpayers, if you want to be that short-sighted, most of the money charged for access to papers goes to a Dutch company, Elsevier. How do you feel about American universities getting fleeced by them?

    6. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by Obfuscant · · Score: 1

      Not China. About four-fifths of all Chinese research is hidden from Western researchers eyes, and can only be viewed within China.

      The most important Chinese research is published in English. This is one critical result; this is much more important work.

    7. Re:How much of that was New Zealand tax money? by pezezin · · Score: 1

      Come on, it's not that difficult to understand it. A researcher in New Zealand may have to pay to access a paper written by an US researcher, who in turn will have to pay to read a paper written be someone in Germany, who will have to pay to... do you get the idea? The writer talks about NZ because that's where he works, but the same happens in every country around the world. In the end, every university in every country is wasting taxpayer money to benefit a few corporations.

  3. Re:Paid for with public dollars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You read the first line of the summary!

  4. Don't get in the way of capitalism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Informative

    Profits deserve to go to whoever can convince their victims to pay for the privilege of being fleeced.

    This is the way of Almighty Prosperity Jesus, the man who preached the rule that whoever has the gold makes the rules.

    1. Re:Don't get in the way of capitalism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Prosperity Jesus disapproves of your sarcasm.

      Sarcasm belongs in edgy sitcoms that make bank during prime time.

  5. Publicly funded? By New Zealand? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The idea this article is based on isn't wrong, but you have to wonder how much of the "publicly funded" research these New Zealand universities were trying to access were actually funded by New Zealand. I'm not sure I can say that NZ academics deserve free access to research funded by the EU or US.

  6. Re:Publicly funded? By New Zealand? by jfdavis668 · · Score: 1, Troll

    Yes, New Zealand is complaining about paying for access to research publicly funded by the US.

  7. Publishers don't pay for much by tolleyl · · Score: 5, Insightful

    One more reason why this is so irritating, is that the publishers hardly have to pay anyone. The scientists writing the papers do so for free, and often have to do the final print formatting themselves. The paper is then sent to the peer reviewers, who perform the reviews for free. In the end, the publisher doesn't pay for content, layout or review, so the journals don't have good reasons to be expensive. Things will gradually change, but it's taking a long time simply because scientists want their name in a big name journal.

    1. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

      Why do you hate capitalism and the free market concept? It's been the most successful form of government ever enacted, triumphing time and time again. It's not without issues, but you're trying to challenge what's right rather than fix what's wrong.

    2. Re: Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Capitalism isn't a form of government, it's an economic system that's enforced upoj citizens by a government.

      Capitalism is quite successful at optimizing people to exploit others as you inadvertently point out. Ironically, it's so successful, you (and many others) can't even tell the difference between capitalism and government now because it's invaded government so deeply. This isn't surprising since the goal of the system is to maximize profit by any means necessary.

      Capitalism is a way of motivating people to gain assets. Sometimes that is by doing the best but often, that goal is achieved through easier means by manipulating others. This is why capitalism requires oversight provided by government, because it has no ethics of care for mankind--it's just a system/tool.

    3. Re: Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is capitalism forced upon the citizens? There are many communes all over the world, even in the US, that people are allowed to freely join and practice whatever they want.

      Examples include ecovillages, cohousing, communes, student co-ops, spiritual communities, and more.

    4. Re: Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They're still bound within a capitalistic society as an emergent property of how our legal system is devised (and what it specifies and what it doesn't specify). Keep in mind, I'm only considering the United States in this case because I'm quite familiar with our society.

      Unless you're basically homeless, I don't know how you can avoid capitalism in the US. If you're a completely self-sufficient community, you'll still have property/estate taxes (unless there's exemptions I'm unaware of) which need to be paid with USD that you'll have to earn through participating in capitalism, even if only indirectly. If you're completely financially supported by someone else, you may avoid capitalism directly but it's only possible because the encapsulation.

    5. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Obfuscant · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The scientists writing the papers do so for free,

      No, they don't. They aren't paid by the publisher, but that doesn't mean "free".

      and often have to do the final print formatting themselves.

      Not for the reputable journals.

      The paper is then sent to the peer reviewers, who perform the reviews for free.

      But the review system is managed by the publisher, not the author. There is a cost to that management.

      In the end, the publisher doesn't pay for content, layout or review,

      Umm, layout and review are publisher costs.

      so the journals don't have good reasons to be expensive.

      Printing on archival quality paper is a costly process.

      This isn't saying the current system is right, it just isn't as cost free to the publisher as you claim.

    6. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      No, they don't. They aren't paid by the publisher, but that doesn't mean "free".

      It's not a publisher cost, which is what the GP was getting at.

      Not for the reputable journals.

      Rubbish. The leading journal in my field (Phys Rev Lett) has us do our own typesetting in LaTeX. You don't get much more reputable than them.

      But the review system is managed by the publisher, not the author. There is a cost to that management.

      Actually it's managed by an unpaid academic editor, so no, no cost to that management.

      Umm, layout and review are publisher costs.

      No. Layout by authors, review assigned by free to the publisher (volunteer) editor, performed by free to the publisher (volunteer) reviewers.

      Printing on archival quality paper is a costly process.

      And an unnecessary one. No-one I know reads journals, we all get the articles online.

      This isn't saying the current system is right, it just isn't as cost free to the publisher as you claim.

      It really is. I've done every step in this process.

    7. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Obfuscant · · Score: 0

      No, they don't. They aren't paid by the publisher, but that doesn't mean "free".

      It's not a publisher cost, which is what the GP was getting at.

      I think "they aren't paid by the publisher" kinda covers that, but thanks for the admonishment anyway.

    8. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're welcome. It was thoroughly deserved by your attempt to nitpick the post instead of engaging with the argument.

    9. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Having a colleague who is an editor at PRL I can tell you that they do use the LaTeX we supply pretty much exactly. I've seen it myself, to the point where very specific stylistic choices in writing equations (and an embarrassing typo of a common word) were reproduced _exactly_ as written in LaTeX.

    10. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Getting published in a big name journal isn't just a nice fillip to the ego; it's pretty much the only way you continue to have a career in academia.

      Until universities, grant awarding bodies and tenure committees abandon "impact factor" as a factor in their decision making, we will continue to have perverse incentives to lock research behind paywalls that nobody in science wants except for paywalled publishers.

    11. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      One more reason why this is so irritating, is that the publishers hardly have to pay anyone. The scientists writing the papers do so for free, and often have to do the final print formatting themselves. .

      The scientists do more than that. Many journals require a submission fee to consider sending the paper for review. Review by who? The journal asks the author to provide list of qualified reviewers. That explains how so many, and not a few, Chinese and American papers of no value (unless they've plagiarized some good work) become available for purchase.

      Peer review died long ago. Sniping and skull-duggery has been replaced by 'i'll scratch yours' and you'll scratch mine."

      The remaining veneer of scientific method is all that we have to cling to, until the next dawn of wisdom rises.

    12. Re:Publishers don't pay for much by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't bother responding to anyone who unironically and actually types "ummm", because 100% of the time they have no idea what they're talking about.

  8. Don't journals provide value? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Am I wrong in saying that journals have staffs of experts that read numerous submitted papers, select the important ones, work with the authors to improve them a bit and then publish them? It's not as though journals aren't doing any work and are then charging people for their services.

    Disclosure: My father is a professor at a public university and editor of a large not-for-profit journal.

    1. Re:Don't journals provide value? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're not wrong. The author seems to think that your dad is supposed to quit that journal and freelance his editing to the same journal (or some new publication trying to replace that journal) and that'll fix the problem:

      To make faster progress, it is necessary to decouple the ownership of current journal titles from the provision of editorial and publication services, so that competition among publishers helps to control prices.

    2. Re:Don't journals provide value? by Platinumrat · · Score: 1

      or everyone could just publish to https://arxiv.org/

    3. Re:Don't journals provide value? by CajunArson · · Score: 0

      It's also somewhat disingenuous since practically every journal in existence has allowances for the researchers to put their work online completely for free.

      The biggest restrictions from some (not even all) journals are that the authors usually can't publish the edited and formatted copy that was in the journal, but they can post the actual document that they wrote before the journal received it and edited it for publication.

      So really the big bad gatekeepers *aren't* the journals but the academics who don't bother to upload their papers for all the world to see.

      --
      AntiFA: An abbreviation for Anti First Amendment.
    4. Re:Don't journals provide value? by tolleyl · · Score: 1

      In most of the sciences at least the journal doesn't do much of that. The editor might do a quick screen to weed out terrible papers, but most get sent off to unpaid peer reviewers who do most of the hard work. There aren't "staffs of experts" and they don't really work with the authors. However, in other areas things might work differently.

    5. Re:Don't journals provide value? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, that selection comes from the results provided by reviewers, who do all the hard work. And in most cases, they work FOR FREE.

  9. freeeeeeeee by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    information WANTS to be free! it told me so!

    brought to you by I Pity Inanimate Objects - Godley & Creme

  10. Twitter for academic research by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To make faster progress, it is necessary to decouple the ownership of current journal titles from the provision of editorial and publication services, so that competition among publishers helps to control prices.

    Yes, that's the solution, let's just make Twitter for academic research. There's no way that the "paywalls" do anything for reliability, integrity, verifiability, anything. The unanticipated problems with this would be zero.

    Now, to publish my global-climate-change-denying paper on a vanity domain. It'll go right after the one where I debunk the moon landings and show that it's comet dust contaminating our vaccines that cause autism.

  11. Not paid for by NZ public though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm betting that the research being accessed wasn't being funded by the NZ public though. Why should NZ researchers benefit from the largess of the American taxpayer? It's not as though each country in the world funds research to the same percentage of GDP. There's a difference between "Taxpayer funded" and "funded by taxpayers in another country" and there's no reason why people in country B should benefit from the taxes paid by citizens of country A.

    1. Re:Not paid for by NZ public though by pr0fessor · · Score: 2

      There is also no reason a third party should be making money off of giving another country access to tax payer funded research either.

  12. Library Purges by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    In addition to subscriptions to new journals, universities are also paying to continue accessing old journals that were "paid for" decades ago. This is because many universities are removing the books in their libraries.

    http://mercurynews.com/2016/12/24/montgomery-on-ucscs-outrageous-mass-destruction-of-books

    As a result, the universities have to pay the publishers for online access to the old, archival journals that used to sit on the library shelves.

  13. well duh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Private sector tax.

    Like this with fafsa too

  14. Didn't you pay attention ? by alexhs · · Score: 1

    Research paper neutrality has been repelled.

    "The vibrant and open research that Americans cherish isn't going anywhere."
    "it's a better way of making money"
    "[research paper neutrality] had slowed investment"

    --
    I have discovered a truly marvelous proof of killer sig, which this margin is too narrow to contain.
    1. Re:Didn't you pay attention ? by alexhs · · Score: 1

      *repealed*
      (spell-checker couldn't help this time)

      --
      I have discovered a truly marvelous proof of killer sig, which this margin is too narrow to contain.
  15. Re:Useless by hackwrench · · Score: 1

    Nothing is useless. Everything is the universe figuring itself out and all research is real in some dimension.

  16. Most research is just a job by lucasnate1 · · Score: 1

    At least from my experience, in most fields in CS, researchers are not that different from software engineers. A better term would be 'article writer', since that is their main concern. They don't care whether these articles enrich human knowledge, let alone freely accessible. Some of them will probably fudge the data a bit to make the article look better. For them it is just a job, just like for the rest of us, in a culture where economic gain is the only thing that matters.

  17. Just use PubMed by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    Most medical research is published in PubMed, and you can always read it.

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    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  18. Re:Publicly funded? By New Zealand? by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    Depends. Sometimes a paper in our lab can have co-authors from Brazil, Germany, Russia, and France.

    So it depends on what paid for each co-authors research. It might be a combination of public and private funding.

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    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  19. Re:Publicly funded? By New Zealand? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    However, even in this scenario, it's not the EU or US the ones who get the money.

  20. True but irrelevant by lfp98 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The simple fact is that the essential quality control involved in scientific publication - vetting the scientific content and standardizing the presentation - is expensive to perform, and somebody has to pay for it. Traditionally, that work has been done by publishers who charge subscription fees for the service, and are periodically accused of price-gouging. Open-access journals which have attempted to bypass the commercial publishers have invariably discovered much to their dismay just how expensive it is. When they started, they predicted that vetting, copy-editing and maintaining an article online could easily be done for under $1000. But they now charge authors several thousand dollars to publish an article, money generally taken out of grant funds which otherwise would be used to support the actual research being reported. And still these open-access journals claim to be losing money. Is this a better system? I'm not so sure.

    1. Re:True but irrelevant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      You have no idea what you're talking about. Publishers don't pay for peer review of the articles. It's all volunteer work.

    2. Re:True but irrelevant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And copy editing isn't paid for by the publisher. For example, look at the journal Mathematics Of Computation.

      http://www.ams.org/publications/journals/journalsframework/mcom

      If an author wants his article to be copy edited, the author is instructed to pay a third-party editor (in this case, Charlesworth Author Services).

    3. Re:True but irrelevant by phantomfive · · Score: 1

      now charge authors several thousand dollars to publish an article, money generally taken out of grant funds which otherwise would be used to support the actual research being reported. And still these open-access journals claim to be losing money.

      These journals are trash journals that only get submitted to by people desperate to get published. arXiv is the prototype free journal repository, and it does very well (although it's supported by donations).

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    4. Re:True but irrelevant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Trash journals? PLOS One has a very high impact factor. Me thinks that you decided your point of view before looking at evidence, and are trying to shoehorn your opinion into the real world somehow.

    5. Re:True but irrelevant by ElizabethGreene · · Score: 1

      >> vetting the scientific content and standardizing the presentation - is expensive to perform

      My understanding is that most associate editors and peer reviewers are unpaid volunteers. Is that incorrect?

    6. Re:True but irrelevant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are correct. I even pointed this out, above, but my comment was down-modded to -1. I also pointed out that publishers don't pay for copy editing.

    7. Re:True but irrelevant by PingPongBoy · · Score: 1

      The simple fact is that the essential quality control involved in scientific publication - vetting the scientific content and standardizing the presentation - is expensive... Traditionally, that work has been done by publishers who charge subscription fees ... When they started, they predicted that vetting, copy-editing and maintaining an article online could easily be done for under $1000. But they now charge authors several thousand dollars to publish an article ...

      This is the YouTube age. For the sake of becoming reknown, don't need journals.

      Reproduce the lab work as a video, then present the theory in a nice tidy package.

      Not sure what the cost would be to the researcher, but the societal benefit would be a lot quicker to propagate. Journals used to be good for listing massive bibliographies, but websites can do that too. Websites can host the video presentations too.

      I've seen some nice presentations on YouTube but people try to make videos that reach wide audiences that might not understand the deep details. Well, a presentation of research lab work should be done for new research, and the thoughts should be explained to reach wide audiences too. It's not good enough just to make the traditional seminar presentation. A video can capture so much more depth, explain the intuitions, show the assembly and application of apparatus (including the lab rats and guinea pigs), show the intermediate results that led to different branches of thought, etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.

      --
      Know your pads. One time pad: good for cryptography. Two timing pad: where to take your mistress.
    8. Re:True but irrelevant by ElizabethGreene · · Score: 1

      The parent must have missed this rather salient point.

      Perhaps one day some enterprising security research will pop into one of these publishers and show us where the money is actually going. It appears that it isn't anyone involved in the scientifically valuable work. I grok that rent and hosting aren't free, but they certainly aren't thousands of dollars per article either.

  21. dumb B1tch by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why is this News for nerds?

  22. Re:Publicly funded? By New Zealand? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And who cares anyway? As soon as those students graduate they look around at the NZ job listings for "scientist" and fuck off overseas for a job.

  23. Re:My School by haruchai · · Score: 1

    Is a bunch of politically correct black women with poofy hair who make a fuss about all kinds of perceived racial injustices and such, This is SO FUCKING ANNOYING.

    If it weren't for women like them, Roy Moore would have won against Doug Jones

    --
    Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  24. I must pay £100 to see what a citation says by recrudescence · · Score: 1

    I just had my very first citation of my paper according to google scholar. I have no idea what they said about my paper. I need to pay £100 to find out. My university (Oxford) doesn't have access to that journal. If Oxford doesn't have access, who the f*** is supposed to have access to that journal? I tried sci-hub, but the journal cunningly blacklisted ip addresses known to originate from sci-hub.

  25. Re:My School by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "All female black voters are sassy obnoxious whiners" - haruchai

  26. Re:I must pay £100 to see what a citation sa by fropenn · · Score: 1

    Just contact the author of that paper. Most academics will share with you directly.

  27. Re:My School by haruchai · · Score: 1

    "All butthurt Anonymous Cowards are whiny obnoxious losers" - haruchai

    Fixed that for you. You're welcome.

    --
    Pain is merely failure leaving the body