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NASA Spacecraft Reveals Jupiter's Interior In Unprecedented Detail (theguardian.com)

NASA's Juno spacecraft has revealed that Jupiter's iconic striped bands, caused by immensely powerful winds, extend to a depth of about 3,000km below the surface. The findings also provide a partial answer to the question of whether the planet has a core, "showing that the inner 96% of the planet rotates 'as a solid body,' even though technically it is composed of an extraordinarily dense mixture of hydrogen and helium gas," reports The Guardian. From the report: The findings are published in four separate papers in the journal Nature, describing the planet's gravitational field (surprisingly asymmetrical), atmospheric flows, interior composition and polar cyclones. A crucial question was whether the bands on Jupiter, caused by air currents that are five times as strong as the most powerful hurricanes on Earth, were a "weather" phenomenon comparable to the Earth's jet streams or part of a deep-seated convection system. Juno's latest observations point to the latter, showing the jets continued to around 3,000km beneath the surface -- deep enough to cause ripples and asymmetries in the planet's gravitational field that were perceptible to detectors on the spacecraft. On Earth, the atmosphere represents about a millionth of the mass of the whole planet. The latest work suggests that on Jupiter the figure is closer to 1%. The new findings, based on extremely sensitive gravitational measurements, also begin to paint a picture of the internal structure of the planet.

52 comments

  1. Amazing by war4peace · · Score: 5, Insightful

    These articles are among the best on Slashdot. With me not following Astronomy-related news closely, but having an interest in Astronomy, they're always very welcome and nice surprises.

    --
    ...gis sdrawkcab (usually not responding to ACs; don't bother posting as AC)
    1. Re:Amazing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean slashdot picks up on things that make major news feed lists and regurgitates that content for you to slosh through about 6-10 hours later, accompanied by nazi trollosexual Trump backer bickering and a few tired memes.

      Oh yeah, great "articles"

    2. Re:Amazing by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

      Here's some more interesting space related news: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activit...

      I can't submit anything at the moment as it always gets marked as spam and I have to email the site operators to fix my account.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    3. Re:Amazing by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Kudos to the ESA for coming up with this. But now for the important news question: what shirts was this engineering team wearing?

    4. Re:Amazing by backwardsposter · · Score: 1

      I agree, these seem to fill a nice niche.

    5. Re:Amazing by penandpaper · · Score: 1

      Problematic shirts.

  2. Re:Amazing GAY NIGGER DICK IN MY ASS IS AMAZING by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Fuck you racist. Im going to dox you. And them im going to ban all of your ips, get your real name, and make sure you never post here again. I will END you racist! This isnt funny! I WILL FIND A WAY TO STOP YOU!

    They will be deleting your and your crap! We will not tolerate your kind here!

  3. Paywalled by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Any links to non-Paywalled articles, because why let Georg von Holtzbrinck's spawn profiteer on work done by NASA?

    1. Re: Paywalled by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      NASA? The space agency ran by nazis? Idk, seems not the group to put on a pedestol. Also, moon landing. Fake. Obviously.

  4. JunoCAM by backslashdot · · Score: 4, Interesting

    JunoCAM, which is a seriously downgraded camera system (there is barely a zoom on the lens), almost wasn't even included on this mission since NASA felt visual observations were unnecessary and wouldn't provide anything useful scientifically. Just imagine we could have had even better visuals than this if a larger more sophisticated camera was included. Oh well.

    1. Re:JunoCAM by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, JunoCam is the livefeed from Ellen Page's house.

    2. Re:JunoCAM by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

      For a much better level of Jupiter photography, you have to wait until 1979, when Voyager 2 is to be around.

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      Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
    3. Re: JunoCAM by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      3 of the 4 papers are based on results of instruments other than the Juno am, and putting a better visual camera on there would not have improved the results (including many of the pretty pictures too). There was some serious concern about guaranteeing the lifetime of the camera too due to radiation. So putting a better camera on there, which would also mean budgeting more for the use of the data, and budgeting more for hardening of that camera, would mean making cut backs on the other instruments. Other instruments like imaging spectrometers (which also produce some pretty pictures...) the gravity measurements were there to answer some current big questions about the interior composition of Jupiter, coincidentally a big part of the results in TFA.

      With space probes, you can choose to get more of the same data as you've gotten before to refine previous answers to questions or to get new data to answer questions with almost no answers. The Juno design pushes much more to the latter for their given budget. The JunoCam is then a minor equipment risk without the larger budget risk involved in making it a major science instrument with better performance guarantees.

    4. Re:JunoCAM by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      JunoCAM, which is a seriously downgraded camera system (there is barely a zoom on the lens), almost wasn't even included on this mission since NASA felt visual observations were unnecessary and wouldn't provide anything useful scientifically.

      Let's take a look at the data sources for the papers as described in their abstracts...

       
      And if that weren't damming enough, the last paper doesn't even belong in this set - it's about the polar storms, not the deep jet streams. (In fact, it seems to imply that the storms are shallow phenomena.)

      Just imagine we could have had even better visuals than this if a larger more sophisticated camera was included.

      Better visuals are cool and all... But better visuals don't mean better science, they mean different science because a heavier camera would mean downgrading or displacing other instruments.

    5. Re:JunoCAM by dryeo · · Score: 1

      They do help sell the mission and the next mission to the public who are paying for it. It's probably worthwhile doing a bit less science in exchange for pretty pictures to make financing the next mission more likely.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    6. Re:JunoCAM by CanEHdian · · Score: 2

      And that's exactly NASA's problem. NASA needs to realize they are taxpayer-funded, and that taxpayers want to see (literally) something for their money. And you don't do that with fuzzy 1950's black-and-white pictures or pictures of the "LSD trip" kind (*cough* colour-enhanced *cough*) and certainly not with fancy graphs.

      Part of the planetery missions need to be sacrificed to keep the paymasters happy. A visible-light human-visible-spectrum HD colour camera with zoom quite nicely fits that job. That's why people love Hubble. I doubt there will be much excitement among taxpayers for the pictures Webb is going to provide.

      PR-wise, one human walking around on Mars is worth 100 landers on Enceladus and Europa (but a submersible probe that breaks through the ice and gets quality video footage of any life forms in the oceans will beat anything, of course).

      --
      When the copyright term is "forever minus a day", live every day like it's the last.
  5. Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's interior by SeaFox · · Score: 2

    I was hoping to see inside Uranus.
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    OKAY! It's been posted. Sorry folks, you're too late to make the joke now.

  6. Re:Amazing GAY NIGGER DICK IN MY ASS IS AMAZING by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Slashdot should start IP banning and maybe even shadow banning for off-topic AC troll posts. It would make the discussions a better place.

  7. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Mordaximus · · Score: 1

    You could see that daily on Slashdot a couple of decades ago.

  8. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by MrKaos · · Score: 4, Funny

    I was hoping to see inside Uranus. . . . . . . OKAY! It's been posted. Sorry folks, you're too late to make the joke now.

    I don't know why you think that is a joke. It's called the Advanced NASA Atmospheric Lithographic Lidar Probe and it was designed to update us about the aerosols in Uranus.

    Last I heard they were figuring out just how many instruments they can include to explore Uranus and the rings around it. First the rings and then and deep as they can go for as long as there is battery power remaining to keep all of the instruments going before it is crushed by the pressure of the most concentrated source of methane in the solar system. That's right, there is a lot of methane in Uranus.

    If you're laughing now, you can just stop it - you're being juvenile. Exploring Uranus is a serious undertaking that many people are committed to and clever jokes about "hoping to see inside Uranus" are just unsophisticated. We're better than that here.

    --
    My ism, it's full of beliefs.
  9. Re:Well I hope it left room for my fist by fisted · · Score: 0

    Bitch, please.

  10. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I was hoping to see inside Uranus.
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    OKAY! It's been posted. Sorry folks, you're too late to make the joke now.

    I don't know why you think that is a joke. It's called the
    Advanced NASA Atmospheric Lithographic Lidar Probe and it was designed to update us about the aerosols in Uranus.

    Last I heard they were figuring out just how many instruments they can include to explore Uranus and the rings around it. First the rings and then and deep as they can go for as long as there is battery power remaining to keep all of the instruments going before it is crushed by the pressure of the most concentrated source of methane in the solar system. That's right, there is a lot of methane in Uranus.

    If you're laughing now, you can just stop it - you're being juvenile. Exploring Uranus is a serious undertaking that many people are committed to and clever jokes about "hoping to see inside Uranus" are just unsophisticated. We're better than that here.

    Would those be non-inert hydrocarbon aerosols?

  11. Re:Amazing GAY NIGGER DICK IN MY ASS IS AMAZING by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I got a note from ars technica that I was banned for spamming. WTF? Contacted Ars and told them I have an account from a few years ago but haven't posted in years. They quickly got back to me, I googled my IP address and sent it to them, my IP address was quickly whitelisted. Yea Ars!

  12. Scale in space is always nuts... by vix86 · · Score: 2

    As always, the scale of things in space is always nuts, especially when talking about the Sun and Jupiter.

    These winds extend nearly 3,000kms into the planet, for comparison, Earth's diameter is roughly 12,700km and Mars is ~6,000km. So the winds extend roughly a 1/4 of the Earth and basically half of mars.

  13. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

    I was hoping to see inside Uranus

    Well, if Uranus internals looks like Jupiters find a physician near you.

    --
    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
  14. Surface by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    For general information, the surface is said (by consensus) to be the depth at which the atmospheric pressure is the same as that at sea level on Earth. There is no adjustment for gravity nor temperature. That is, it is pressure and not density. I mention this since it isn't obvious what "surface" means when applied to gas giants (or stars, for that matter - although stars have a completely different (and incompatible) definition for their "surface".)

    1. Re:Surface by e_pluribus_funk · · Score: 2

      Jupiter probably almost certainly has a sizable metallic core. That core is almost certainly molten given the temperatures involved (unless there is some sort of weird convection / insulation going on).

  15. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What does Uranus have that Jupiter hasn't? A fucking trident? Jupiter can shoot death rays out of his anus.

  16. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lets hope basic planetary science doesn't end up in the budgetary chopping block for the stunt missions aiming to boost "national pride." In any country.

  17. 1% Math by xxxJonBoyxxx · · Score: 1

    >> On Earth, the atmosphere represents about a millionth of the mass of the whole planet. The latest work suggests that on Jupiter the figure is closer to 1%.

    However, the article also says, "the inner 96% of the planet rotates as a solid body, even though technically it is composed of an extraordinarily dense mixture of hydrogen and helium gas"

    So...is that 1% really 4%?

    1. Re:1% Math by PPH · · Score: 1

      One figure might be mass whereas the other is volume. Or radius (since they were talking about depth as well).

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
    2. Re: 1% Math by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Their definition of the boundary for Jupiter's atmosphere might be arbitrary (maybe the 760 torr one). Regardless, the options for composition of Jupiter is not just solid and gas...

  18. Protostar by Zorro · · Score: 1

    Jupiter is an almost red dwarf star.

    Study of it tells us a lot about small stars.

    1. Re:Protostar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Jupiter would need about 80 times it's mass to start fusing. On an unrelated note, Jupiter is further much from the earth than the sun, at it's closest approach..

    2. Re:Protostar by budgenator · · Score: 1

      A Brown Dwarf is 15 to 75 times the mass of Jupiter.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  19. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Eristone · · Score: 1

    Of course scientists got tired of all of these jokes and renamed Uranus in 2620 to Urectum.

  20. Nasa thinking: should we extend or end the mission by dev-in-seattle · · Score: 1

    If you read the attached article at The Guardian, you might note that Nasa could extend this mission, it's a question of budgeting. This is the first I heard that the spacecraft could continue operating past this point. It will cost billions for the next mission to the outer planets, 3 or 4 billion a year on the pointless job creator/SLS mission, shouldn't we extend this mission if we can?

  21. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by drew_kime · · Score: 1

    We're better than that here.

    Have you met us?

    --
    Nope, no sig
  22. Re:Amazing GAY NIGGER DICK IN MY ASS IS AMAZING by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    APK and GNAA troll posts are the only things that keep me coming back to Slashdot.

  23. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by neoRUR · · Score: 1

    So when the probe runs out of life are they going to crash it into Uranus like they did on Saturn? So they can see what is down there?

  24. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This... is what I miss about the just post Chips&Dips, Slash Dot, sublime humor.

  25. Re:Oblig post: Disappointed it was Jupiter's inter by MrKaos · · Score: 1

    We're better than that here.

    Have you met us?

    Yes I have and I don't understand why probing Uranus with battery power instruments has been moderated funny.

    WE NEED TO TAKE URANUS MORE SERIOUSLY PEOPLE!!

    --
    My ism, it's full of beliefs.
  26. Utter nonsense by DerekLyons · · Score: 2

    They do help sell the mission and the next mission to the public who are paying for it. It's probably worthwhile doing a bit less science in exchange for pretty pictures to make financing the next mission more likely.

    In a world where there was ever any significant public debate on planetary missions, that would be a sensible claim. We don't live in such a world. The general public doesn't give a rats ass about space. They're not going to call their congresscritters and go "I didn't get any pretty pictures from Juno, cancel the Europa lander!". The vast majority of them probably don't even know Juno exists in the first place.

  27. Re:Amazing GAY NIGGER DICK IN MY ASS IS AMAZING by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You should just accept that you're into dick. Nobody who isn't would bother with all this shit. Sad bastard.