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The Quest To Make Super-Cold Quantum Blobs in Space (wired.com)

Last January in northern Sweden, a German-led team of physicists loaded a curious machine onto an unmanned rocket. The payload, about as tall as a single-story apartment, was essentially a custom-made freezer -- a vacuum chamber, with a small chip and lasers within, that could cool single atoms near absolute zero.

It may sound like a bizarre experiment, but it is something physicists have been aching to do for years. They launched the rocket about 90 miles past the atmosphere's boundary of outer space, monitoring a livestream from a heated building nearby. Then, just 17 minutes later, they watched as the freezer plummeted back down to Earth, landing via parachute on snowy ground 40 miles from the launch site. Wired elaborates: See, the freezer that the Germans launched has the ability to make atoms clump together in a cloud-like blob called a Bose-Einstein condensate -- a phase of matter that exhibits some truly bizarre properties. It's delicate enough to respond to tiny fluctuations in gravity and electromagnetic fields, which means it could someday make for a super-precise sensor in space. But down on Earth, it tends to collapse in a matter of milliseconds because of gravity. So the blobs had to go to space. Since the late '90s, physicists have been developing machines that can autonomously assemble and control the blobs during spaceflight. With this rocket launch, they've succeeded. The group in Germany, led by physicist Ernst Rasel of University of Hannover, just released pictures of blobs they managed to create [PDF], as well as precise measurements of how they jiggled during their brief trip. "They've essentially laid the groundwork to show that you can actually do this, and it's not totally insane," says physicist Nathan Lundblad of Bates College.

44 comments

  1. Question by smooth+wombat · · Score: 2

    For the sake of argument, let's say one could get the temperature down to absolute zero. Let us further assume a single atom is subjected to this temperature.

    Would one be able to "freeze" the atom so that its constituent parts would be immobile and visible? Or would it fall apart?

    What happens to an atom at absolute zero?

    --
    We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    1. Re:Question by sconeu · · Score: 2

      Same thing that happens to an atom traveling at the speed of light.

      It's a meaningless question. Like c, 0K is unattainable. You can only approach it asymptotically.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    2. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      not only that but due to the quantum nature of things, stuff would still move around.

    3. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For the sake of argument, let's say one could get the temperature down to absolute zero. Let us further assume a single atom is subjected to this temperature.

      Absolute zero can be thought of as no motion in classical physics, but in quantum physics, there is still motion, so your atom still exists.

    4. Re:Question by XXongo · · Score: 4, Informative

      For the sake of argument, let's say one could get the temperature down to absolute zero. Let us further assume a single atom is subjected to this temperature. Would one be able to "freeze" the atom so that its constituent parts would be immobile and visible?

      No. The "component parts" would be in their ground-state wave function. They would not suddenly become "visible."

      Or would it fall apart?

      No. Zero temperature does not cancel out the coulomb force that bind electrons onto the atoms

      What happens to an atom at absolute zero?

      Nothing much happens to an individual atom. The Bose-Einstein condensate applies to groups of atoms.

    5. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      not quite true. At the quantum level you can actually obtain negative temperature. Temperature becomes a bit less meaningful, it is about energy, and an electron with zero energy is still as much a wave function as it always is.

      (temperature is how much entropy changes when you add energy. Normally that is positive, but at a quantum level you can create situations where there are fewer possible states when you increase the energy, thus negative temperature. It is like eggs in an egg carton, 2 eggs have more possible configurations than one, 3 more than 2, but then after you get to 6 eggs you have fewer possible configurations in the carton the more eggs you add.)

    6. Re:Question by smooth+wombat · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the explanation and breaking down what I asked about.

      I understand the Bose-Einstein condensate is about groups of atoms, but it got me thinking about individual atoms and absolute zero.

      --
      We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    7. Re:Question by XXongo · · Score: 1

      Yeah. Nothing much really happens at the individual atom level.

    8. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can get negative temperatures, by the definition that 1/T=dS/DT, in a system where adding energy decreases entropy, but you still can't get (up) to absolute zero from there, in a finite number of finite operations AFAIK.

    9. Re: Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is correct. You can define positive or negative temperature in quantum statistical mechanics, but in neither case can you actually end up at 0.

    10. Re: Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At the absolute zero, quantum fluctuations still result in movement. Think Heisenberg uncertainty principle: as long as you know roughly where an atom is, there's a minimum amount of momentum fluctuations of the atom, so it has to "jiggle".

      The electron and quarks inside the atom will move even faster; they tend to move at relativistic speeds even if the atom itself is at zero temperature.

    11. Re:Question by painandgreed · · Score: 1

      For the sake of argument, let's say one could get the temperature down to absolute zero. Let us further assume a single atom is subjected to this temperature.

      Would one be able to "freeze" the atom so that its constituent parts would be immobile and visible? Or would it fall apart?

      What happens to an atom at absolute zero?

      From my 4000 level Quantum Mechanics course, a single atom cannot reach absolute zero. There are multiple forces at work here and the electron will not just fall into the nucleus or fly off but continues to move around the nucleus which causes a wiggle which means it has a temperature. We figured out what that temperature would be which ended up like something around 2/3 K. I'm sure it was a simplistic thought experiment that does not really express what is going on according to modern physics, but there you go.

    12. Re: Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think there is anything magical about 0 temperature at the quantum level, it would just be a situation where a change in energy in the system doesn't change the number of available states it can be in. I am sure it is possible to construct such a system.

      That said, temperature is really meant to be a measure of a system, not of an individual item. It doesn't really make sense to say that the oxygen molecule in front of you is at 20 degrees. (or 293 degrees, if you prefer.) You would instead say it has a particular kinetic energy. So when you start talking about a single atom at a particular temperature it doesn't make much sense. Perhaps it would make more sense to refer to a condensate as being close to it's ground state, rather than saying it is at a particular temperature.

    13. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For the sake of argument, let's say one could get the temperature down to absolute zero.

      No. That is forbidden by the laws of physics. If you assume that, every conclusion you make from a chain of reasoning starting with that assumption will be wrong.

  2. Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    They're sending Huckabee Sanders into space, wha?

    1. Re:Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except she's no longer a candidate, that's history now. Like Trump's chances of staying out of Federal, and then State, prisons. Be sure to put that in your under-radar communications back to Moscow, Jared. Shh, Mueller's coming... hide!

    2. Re:Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did the Ds just let Nixon be 'history'? No. Well fuck you. She will be hung around their necks for a decade. At least until she dies in prison.

    3. Re:Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Never. Gonna. Happen. Cry yourself to sleep with that thought. Meanwhile, Trump is DEFINITELY going to die in prison.

    4. Re:Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Say Hi to Vlad for me bitch. Trump will be in a cage for the rest of his life because he's a traitor, not because of Nixon or Hillary or anyone else. He did it to himself - and to his entire family, also going to prison too. UNFAIR! Lol.

    5. Re:Super cold blobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just wait until 2019 - Hillary will run again...

    6. Re:Super cold blobs by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      Makes sense. Restaurants here are refusing to serve her, so she should go back to her home planet.

  3. Wait!!! by sconeu · · Score: 1

    Back in the '50s, I learned that you get rid of the Blob by freezing it!

    Now you need the cold to make the Blob????

    --
    General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    1. Re:Wait!!! by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 1

      Well, the blob DID come from space in the 50s - and it did now, too... ;)

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
  4. BLOOOOOBS IIIIIIIIN SPAAAAAAACE ! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or was it pigs ?

  5. Re:This is so GAY by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You're spending your day imagining semen on Obama and you're thinking OTHER people are gay, lol? Have you always been so attracted to fit, intelligent black men? Lol no wonder you're so angry.

  6. Quantum Comunication. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The little tidbit at the end of the article about quantum communication between satellites for quantum computers was fascinating to me. I know there was some theoretical way of causing quantum entanglement and using that to communicate long distances, but never heard it carried out. Would this be a first step towards that goal?

    Any way you slice it, the whole thing is fun to thing about.

  7. Quantum boobs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    My ex has super cold quantum boobs. Not need to go to space to find them. They are both within reach and unreachable at the same time. Truly quantum! And cold... so cold...

  8. New unit of height! for Space Buildings by Ashbory · · Score: 2

    They launched the rocket about 90 miles past the atmosphere's boundary of outer space, monitoring a livestream from a heated building nearby.

    How tall was the heated building? (in units of "single-story apartment")

    1. Re:New unit of height! for Space Buildings by The-Ixian · · Score: 1

      I too wish to know more about this "heated building"....

      Why was it heated? How far about absolute zero was the heating? Were lasers used in this heating process?

      Nevermind this outer space hooey, I need to know more about this building that allegedly has been heated to some degree...

      --
      My eyes reflect the stars and a smile lights up my face.
    2. Re:New unit of height! for Space Buildings by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As I walk down the street (I'll define the speed of 'walk' later), one apartment building's single-story appears to be about 1.4 times that of the one next to it. Is this a location where space-time is stretched? Or is gravity bending the light so it only appears different?

  9. Going to extremes ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Zero Kelvin + Zero Gravity = Superconducting effect as the UFO floating on the Earth.

  10. Quest to make super-cold quantum blobs in Space by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    So it's a... Space Quest?

    Does anyone know how to contact Roger Wilco?

    --
    #DeleteFacebook
  11. Apartment?? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The rocket was 36 feet long. What is this shit about an apartment??

  12. Terrible story by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

    The payload, about as tall as a single-story apartment

    This is a strange description. What does "apartment" add to it, aside from it being used to flower the descriptions of 3-story things, of which normal homes are usually not.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    1. Re:Terrible story by nitehawk214 · · Score: 2

      It also hung in the air exactly the way bricks don't.

      --
      I'm a good cook. I'm a fantastic eater. - Steven Brust
    2. Re:Terrible story by ColaMan · · Score: 1

      The payload, about as tall as a single-story apartment

      They could have just said, "the 10-foot tall payload", but it seems that someone had a word count to reach.

      --

      You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
      There is a lot of hype here.
    3. Re:Terrible story by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      I know. Why not just say it's 0.33 libraries of congress high and be done with it. Or 1/3rd for the imperial folk.

  13. Hilarious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Everytime I see a side shot of her I just think that woman does not know how to dress. She wears a fairly tight fitting shortish dress that just screams look at me I am fat. I don't get it. And the way she chews her words, who thought she would make a good press front person is an idiot, oh Trump, perfect sense.

  14. images by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The pdf is only 6 pages long, and one of those is figure 4. But here you go, all 4 images without pdf

    https://imgur.com/a/BAsCymF

  15. Shouldn't this experiment be run from the ISS? by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

    The brief description is vague about the actual size of the payload, but if it can be sent up as a supply-rocket mission to operate in station with the ISS (not ON the ISS, because of the need for cryogenic conditions and to avoid the possibility of getting their freezer back with nothing in it but a handwritten note saying "Sorry! I got hungry and used Bose-Einstein concentrate on my sorbet - Feodor") for an extended period of time.

    Run this way, the experiment would not be bound by the tight time constraint of a suborbital flight, could be serviced in flight as necessary by spacewalks, and returned to earth independently.

  16. Re:This is so GAY by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You say that like there is something wrong with being attracted to a black man. The only thing more despicable than a racist is a gay racist. MAGA indeed, Trump boy.

  17. How far out? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "They launched the rocket about 90 miles past the atmosphere's boundary of outer space..."

    I don't think so. The edge of outer space is kinda far out there.