The x86 port that came to be named POV-Ray is from 1991. OpenCL was released in spec form in Dec. 2008, with actual implementation naturally lagging somewhat.
Haven't had any issues with my own HP Chromebook 11. Although if you use it to stream videos for several hours (4+), I've noticed that the spot on the chromebook where the battery is located gets warm. You can say that about any device, though.
Out of curiosity, is the micro-USB charge port power-only, or does it do anything as a USB slave device?
Since a wide variety of materials trade under 'Novec' with various model numbers, it's hard know which MSDS to link to; but hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid seem to be common to almost all of them, if thermally displeased, with some oddities like Perfluoroisobutylene and Perfluorinated acid fluorides for flavor, in certain compositions.
All claim to be pretty well behaved at lower temperatures; but at 3-400 degrees (Celsius) I'm staying the hell away.
I read that claim in the summary; but was baffled by where and how the condense the liquid for reuse; because the pictures showed no signs of vapor capture or chiller/condenser units(at least nothing that looked similar enough to the ones I've seen for me to recognize them).
Probably cheapest to go with a single, small, SSD onboard, that would then connect to networked storage for actual capacity.
Going totally diskless, and doing an iSCSI or Fibre Channel HBA, would be more elegant; but you can probably get 128GB of decent quality SSD for less than a bootable HBA of either flavor would cost you, and that's easily enough space to install anything from a VMware hypervisor to a full Windows or Linux server capable of speaking almost any network storage protocol you want through cheap, commodity, ethernet.
The Puget arrangement uses a fluid with a much higher boiling point, so enthalpy of vaporization (and rapid changes in density) aren't carrying heat away as actively as in TFA's boiling coolant arrangement. Given that, I suspect that having fans/propellers pushing hot coolant out of the heatsinks is helpful. Since passive/convection cooling is possible with air, and fluid cooling is likely much more efficient, it'd presumably be possible with fluid as well; but 'possible' and 'easy' are not identical words, and fans are cheap insurance(especially if you don't have the space or interest to replace all existing heatsinks with huge passive ones, probably with more widely spaced fins than normal to handle a more viscous coolant fluid.
As for lifespan? The bearings are probably kept pretty well lubricated (I'm sure that using mineral oil shocks and horrifies serious lubricant aficionados; but most fans make do with whatever they were given at the factory, and run until they dry out and die, so this probably counts as luxury for them), and the coolant fluid should help keep the electromagnets and driver circuitry from burning out. Brushless DC motors can deliver superb torque at low speed, so stalling shouldn't be an issue (though smarter motor control boards, if capable of sensing their own RPM, might freak out and shut down because they suspect that something is gravely wrong if they are spinning at least a factor of ten slower than designed).
I have no reason to doubt that it works; but you'd have to be a real enthusiast to choose this approach over a simple liquid cooling loop on the CPU and GPU, with a big, slow, lazy, fan (200mm or two running at downright silent speeds) to keep random motherboard components and things from dropping dead inside an otherwise sealed case.
Immersed HDDs aren't going to be happy. Barring some (very expensive) edge cases that are carefully sealed with a suitable gas mixture (so that the heads will continue to float above the platters at very high altitudes/low pressures and/or very high pressures won't cause increased drag, a niche that has probably been largely murdered by cheaper SSDs of late), HDDs aren't fully sealed. They have some aggressive dust filters, and the breathing hole isn't large, so infiltration might well be fairly slow; but once the fluid gets inside, it isn't going to be pretty.
TFA mentioned some sort of FPGA cluster arrangement as being one of the early cases, which presumably didn't have a bunch of drives involved, except perhaps at one or more control head nodes, a more 'normal PC' centric arrangement would presumably either use PXE, iSCSI or fibre channel HBAs, or some other mechanism that allows the drive cage (which does need a bit of airflow; but nothing special) to be at a distance from the compute silicon, which is where the action is, thermally.
Oh, the non-naive ones don't make that mistake. It's the one with his first Dewar ever who has just finished gluing a length of pipe to his CPU socket that you have to watch out for.
In the EU there are laws keeping roaming charges down. Often they are less than the cost to use your own phone in your own country!
If the situation is like that with cruise ships, it may not save you. Vessels large enough to justify them commonly have picocells (or maybe just small cells, I'm not up with where the distinction breaks down exactly), operated as a sort of 'private label' thing by the operator of the vessel or somebody they have an agreement with. And damn do they get expensive, fast.
There have been a few tragicomic cases in the news about poor bastards whose phones roamed onto such towers when they were wandering around within their primary carrier's coverage zone; but close enough to port that their phone switched over to the stronger tower. Sticker shock time.
While technically within the dictionary definition, trying to save that meaning is probably about as hopeful as trying to save 'hacker' from becoming a synonym with 'cracker'(the geek kind, not the white-trash pejorative kind).
Especially if you are an Important Customer, even big, serious, proprietary software (Like Windows) might be available for a look.(I'm not going to copy/paste them here; but Microsoft has about a zillion different levels of access embedded under the term 'Shared Source', which provide good examples of various approaches to the genre). In embedded circles, where it's closer to being a technical necessity, large chunks of quite-proprietary-indeed-get-out-your-checkbook OSes, if not always 100% of them, are available in source form because you'll need that to do your board port. You even get the license to redistribute your binaries with whatever device you are licensing for. You'll pay, of course.
Ownership: 1. N. "The state or condition of being liable to an early termination fee in the event of returning, selling, or otherwise losing custody of an object."
2. (obsc./archaic) N. "Possessing the right of use or disposition of an object as one sees fit."
The naive overclock nuts who try liquid nitrogen on either a bare CPU die or a bare heatspreader sometimes discover the hard way that the Liedenfrost Effect is enough to generate a nice cushion of nitrogen between their couple-of-hundred-watts in a square centimeter or two CPU and the bulk of their liquid nitrogen; but that's mostly a surface area problem, which could just be solved with a basic heatsink, were they not trying to cut out every last component in the chain that has a nonzero delta-t.
Fluorocarbons don't tend to be particularly flammable themselves; but the halogenated compounds not specifically designed for firefighting do sometimes have some...zesty...thermal decay products. They may or may not be self-sustaining reactions, and may even pull enough energy out of a would-be fire to help suppress it; but there are very few biological processes that are improved by adding improv halogen compounds...
Re:What was the previous license
on
POV-Ray Is Now FLOSS
·
· Score: 4, Informative
Previously released under the "a href="http://www.povray.org/povlegal-3.6.html">POV-Ray License.
One of those somewhat oddball project-specific licenses that are free-ish, in spirit; but either through some specific limitation, or just bad/old wording, inconveniently incompatible with most 'Free as in FOSS' projects.
TFA doesn't say exactly which 'Novec' heat transfer fluid they use; but all of them have enthusiastic vapor pressures even at 25 degrees, and low boiling points. The devices shown in the pictures (unless specially opened just for the glamor shots) also don't look particularly well sealed.
How do they deal with that? Does the 3M guy follow the milkman every morning, and deliver another couple thousand liters? Is there a chiller/condenser somewhere in the air circulation system that scrubs most or all of the escaping vapor? Are the racks normally sealed tight?
I, again, couldn't get any solid quotes for medium-large quantities of the heat transfer fluids; but fancy fluoridated-carbon engineered fluids aren't generally cheap enough to just ignore large losses of. Boiling may well be more efficient than pumping as a heat transfer method at the board level; but I'd be amazed if they can get away with running this as anything other than a closed loop, despite the pictures seemingly showing otherwise.
Architecturally, it really isn't. The main difference is just that, unlike the heyday of SETI@Home (which, in part, was greatly aided by the dearth of portables and the relatively lousy system idle powersave modes of the time), you can rent time on other people's computers with such low friction that humans needn't be involved (and, indeed, the intention is that they aren't, except at high levels), and that Amazon has a specific pricing mechanism for varying the price of machine time, in quite fine increments, according to exactly how 'idle' it is. To be thrown into the spot pool probably means that there aren't any reserved instance customers; but the cost of spot time varies continuously according to who is shopping and how much they value getting their results.
No fundamental novelty (for that matter, IBM probably had some mechanism for remotely enabling an additional capability in exchange for cash on one of their mainframe models in the '70s sometime); but fairly neat to watch.
Interesting, I didn't know about that one, though it certainly makes sense to use spot instances for a compute problem loosely-coupled enough that EC2 wouldn't be a total joke.
Forming a well-regulated militia is easy, as long as you don't mind it being ~20% FBI moles building a case against you... Just ask all those pathetic 'domestic terrorists', who basically had to have their hands held through even the simplest steps of their terrorist plots by the feds.
The wackier BME types have been doing subdermal implantation of elastomeric silicone structures, in various shapes, for a while now; but I suspect that "Wacky BME types" and "People who have jobs that involve regular polygraphs" are sets that don't overlap too much (though I suspect that the overlap isn't zero, and that the overlap is weird.)
Hey, the difference between a $0.47 heatsink and a $0.49 one is what put "Realized exemplary savings through aggressive supply-chain management' on the resume I used to score a job somewhere else before the consequence hit! Don't underestimate that.
"Flawed in principle" is putting it rather mildly. I'd put it as "complete and utter bullshit." Polygraphs are on a level with dousing and voodoo dolls.
I suspect that having a heavily subjective (but allegedly Super Scientific) mechanism for generating justification for hounding people you dislike for other reasons is quite useful indeed....
If we were using some sort of goofy 'truth' metric, they'd be useless; but things can be false as well as useful.
Consider the analogy to drug sniffing dogs: While far better that their jobs than polygraphs, it isn't news that they 'indicate' in response to non-drugs all the damn time. That's more a feature than a flaw, though, since they only have to 'indicate', not be correct, in order to furnish probable cause for a good, old-fashioned, ransacking.
Apparently the overheating is done by the charger, not the laptop. Given that the laptop is build around an ARM SoC with a TDP in the 4watt range, I'd hope that HP could find a way to keep that part cool...
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The x86 port that came to be named POV-Ray is from 1991. OpenCL was released in spec form in Dec. 2008, with actual implementation naturally lagging somewhat.
So, the problem is that lawyers are slow on the uptake?
Haven't had any issues with my own HP Chromebook 11. Although if you use it to stream videos for several hours (4+), I've noticed that the spot on the chromebook where the battery is located gets warm. You can say that about any device, though.
Out of curiosity, is the micro-USB charge port power-only, or does it do anything as a USB slave device?
Since a wide variety of materials trade under 'Novec' with various model numbers, it's hard know which MSDS to link to; but hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid seem to be common to almost all of them, if thermally displeased, with some oddities like Perfluoroisobutylene and Perfluorinated acid fluorides for flavor, in certain compositions.
All claim to be pretty well behaved at lower temperatures; but at 3-400 degrees (Celsius) I'm staying the hell away.
I read that claim in the summary; but was baffled by where and how the condense the liquid for reuse; because the pictures showed no signs of vapor capture or chiller/condenser units(at least nothing that looked similar enough to the ones I've seen for me to recognize them).
Probably cheapest to go with a single, small, SSD onboard, that would then connect to networked storage for actual capacity.
Going totally diskless, and doing an iSCSI or Fibre Channel HBA, would be more elegant; but you can probably get 128GB of decent quality SSD for less than a bootable HBA of either flavor would cost you, and that's easily enough space to install anything from a VMware hypervisor to a full Windows or Linux server capable of speaking almost any network storage protocol you want through cheap, commodity, ethernet.
For extra credit, spring-load the rails so that the server can 'pop' up into position for service (like a car trunk with pistons).
Then tape a shark silhouette to the server, so it appears to be leaping out of the water at the unprepared service tech.
The Puget arrangement uses a fluid with a much higher boiling point, so enthalpy of vaporization (and rapid changes in density) aren't carrying heat away as actively as in TFA's boiling coolant arrangement. Given that, I suspect that having fans/propellers pushing hot coolant out of the heatsinks is helpful. Since passive/convection cooling is possible with air, and fluid cooling is likely much more efficient, it'd presumably be possible with fluid as well; but 'possible' and 'easy' are not identical words, and fans are cheap insurance(especially if you don't have the space or interest to replace all existing heatsinks with huge passive ones, probably with more widely spaced fins than normal to handle a more viscous coolant fluid.
As for lifespan? The bearings are probably kept pretty well lubricated (I'm sure that using mineral oil shocks and horrifies serious lubricant aficionados; but most fans make do with whatever they were given at the factory, and run until they dry out and die, so this probably counts as luxury for them), and the coolant fluid should help keep the electromagnets and driver circuitry from burning out. Brushless DC motors can deliver superb torque at low speed, so stalling shouldn't be an issue (though smarter motor control boards, if capable of sensing their own RPM, might freak out and shut down because they suspect that something is gravely wrong if they are spinning at least a factor of ten slower than designed).
I have no reason to doubt that it works; but you'd have to be a real enthusiast to choose this approach over a simple liquid cooling loop on the CPU and GPU, with a big, slow, lazy, fan (200mm or two running at downright silent speeds) to keep random motherboard components and things from dropping dead inside an otherwise sealed case.
Immersed HDDs aren't going to be happy. Barring some (very expensive) edge cases that are carefully sealed with a suitable gas mixture (so that the heads will continue to float above the platters at very high altitudes/low pressures and/or very high pressures won't cause increased drag, a niche that has probably been largely murdered by cheaper SSDs of late), HDDs aren't fully sealed. They have some aggressive dust filters, and the breathing hole isn't large, so infiltration might well be fairly slow; but once the fluid gets inside, it isn't going to be pretty.
TFA mentioned some sort of FPGA cluster arrangement as being one of the early cases, which presumably didn't have a bunch of drives involved, except perhaps at one or more control head nodes, a more 'normal PC' centric arrangement would presumably either use PXE, iSCSI or fibre channel HBAs, or some other mechanism that allows the drive cage (which does need a bit of airflow; but nothing special) to be at a distance from the compute silicon, which is where the action is, thermally.
Oh, the non-naive ones don't make that mistake. It's the one with his first Dewar ever who has just finished gluing a length of pipe to his CPU socket that you have to watch out for.
The term is 'gate rape'.
In the EU there are laws keeping roaming charges down. Often they are less than the cost to use your own phone in your own country!
If the situation is like that with cruise ships, it may not save you. Vessels large enough to justify them commonly have picocells (or maybe just small cells, I'm not up with where the distinction breaks down exactly), operated as a sort of 'private label' thing by the operator of the vessel or somebody they have an agreement with. And damn do they get expensive, fast.
There have been a few tragicomic cases in the news about poor bastards whose phones roamed onto such towers when they were wandering around within their primary carrier's coverage zone; but close enough to port that their phone switched over to the stronger tower. Sticker shock time.
While technically within the dictionary definition, trying to save that meaning is probably about as hopeful as trying to save 'hacker' from becoming a synonym with 'cracker'(the geek kind, not the white-trash pejorative kind).
Especially if you are an Important Customer, even big, serious, proprietary software (Like Windows) might be available for a look.(I'm not going to copy/paste them here; but Microsoft has about a zillion different levels of access embedded under the term 'Shared Source', which provide good examples of various approaches to the genre). In embedded circles, where it's closer to being a technical necessity, large chunks of quite-proprietary-indeed-get-out-your-checkbook OSes, if not always 100% of them, are available in source form because you'll need that to do your board port. You even get the license to redistribute your binaries with whatever device you are licensing for. You'll pay, of course.
Ownership: 1. N. "The state or condition of being liable to an early termination fee in the event of returning, selling, or otherwise losing custody of an object."
2. (obsc./archaic) N. "Possessing the right of use or disposition of an object as one sees fit."
The naive overclock nuts who try liquid nitrogen on either a bare CPU die or a bare heatspreader sometimes discover the hard way that the Liedenfrost Effect is enough to generate a nice cushion of nitrogen between their couple-of-hundred-watts in a square centimeter or two CPU and the bulk of their liquid nitrogen; but that's mostly a surface area problem, which could just be solved with a basic heatsink, were they not trying to cut out every last component in the chain that has a nonzero delta-t.
Fluorocarbons don't tend to be particularly flammable themselves; but the halogenated compounds not specifically designed for firefighting do sometimes have some...zesty...thermal decay products. They may or may not be self-sustaining reactions, and may even pull enough energy out of a would-be fire to help suppress it; but there are very few biological processes that are improved by adding improv halogen compounds...
Previously released under the "a href="http://www.povray.org/povlegal-3.6.html">POV-Ray License.
One of those somewhat oddball project-specific licenses that are free-ish, in spirit; but either through some specific limitation, or just bad/old wording, inconveniently incompatible with most 'Free as in FOSS' projects.
TFA doesn't say exactly which 'Novec' heat transfer fluid they use; but all of them have enthusiastic vapor pressures even at 25 degrees, and low boiling points. The devices shown in the pictures (unless specially opened just for the glamor shots) also don't look particularly well sealed.
How do they deal with that? Does the 3M guy follow the milkman every morning, and deliver another couple thousand liters? Is there a chiller/condenser somewhere in the air circulation system that scrubs most or all of the escaping vapor? Are the racks normally sealed tight?
I, again, couldn't get any solid quotes for medium-large quantities of the heat transfer fluids; but fancy fluoridated-carbon engineered fluids aren't generally cheap enough to just ignore large losses of. Boiling may well be more efficient than pumping as a heat transfer method at the board level; but I'd be amazed if they can get away with running this as anything other than a closed loop, despite the pictures seemingly showing otherwise.
Anybody know?
Architecturally, it really isn't. The main difference is just that, unlike the heyday of SETI@Home (which, in part, was greatly aided by the dearth of portables and the relatively lousy system idle powersave modes of the time), you can rent time on other people's computers with such low friction that humans needn't be involved (and, indeed, the intention is that they aren't, except at high levels), and that Amazon has a specific pricing mechanism for varying the price of machine time, in quite fine increments, according to exactly how 'idle' it is. To be thrown into the spot pool probably means that there aren't any reserved instance customers; but the cost of spot time varies continuously according to who is shopping and how much they value getting their results.
No fundamental novelty (for that matter, IBM probably had some mechanism for remotely enabling an additional capability in exchange for cash on one of their mainframe models in the '70s sometime); but fairly neat to watch.
Interesting, I didn't know about that one, though it certainly makes sense to use spot instances for a compute problem loosely-coupled enough that EC2 wouldn't be a total joke.
Forming a well-regulated militia is easy, as long as you don't mind it being ~20% FBI moles building a case against you... Just ask all those pathetic 'domestic terrorists', who basically had to have their hands held through even the simplest steps of their terrorist plots by the feds.
The wackier BME types have been doing subdermal implantation of elastomeric silicone structures, in various shapes, for a while now; but I suspect that "Wacky BME types" and "People who have jobs that involve regular polygraphs" are sets that don't overlap too much (though I suspect that the overlap isn't zero, and that the overlap is weird.)
Hey, the difference between a $0.47 heatsink and a $0.49 one is what put "Realized exemplary savings through aggressive supply-chain management' on the resume I used to score a job somewhere else before the consequence hit! Don't underestimate that.
"Flawed in principle" is putting it rather mildly. I'd put it as "complete and utter bullshit." Polygraphs are on a level with dousing and voodoo dolls.
I suspect that having a heavily subjective (but allegedly Super Scientific) mechanism for generating justification for hounding people you dislike for other reasons is quite useful indeed....
If we were using some sort of goofy 'truth' metric, they'd be useless; but things can be false as well as useful.
Consider the analogy to drug sniffing dogs: While far better that their jobs than polygraphs, it isn't news that they 'indicate' in response to non-drugs all the damn time. That's more a feature than a flaw, though, since they only have to 'indicate', not be correct, in order to furnish probable cause for a good, old-fashioned, ransacking.
Apparently the overheating is done by the charger, not the laptop. Given that the laptop is build around an ARM SoC with a TDP in the 4watt range, I'd hope that HP could find a way to keep that part cool...