The 20th century institutions will die out and be replaced by new ones that reflect current art and technology. Don't waste energy on appeasing the fossils.
There is a old branch of EE called neural networks. This is merely a variant of of it.
One of the more interesting neural networks is CalTech's Carver Mead's artificial retina. It has excitory and inhibitory connections. His company put hundreds of thousands of them on a chip to make a self-regulating and processing digital camera. Got a White House medal for this and other stuff.
Hydrogen is an important rocket fuel, being found in water of methane. The Martian rocks and atmosphere don't have much hydrogen. It can be freed and concentrated with solar power.
What is the minimal number of blocks for a 1-bit adder. The simpler implementation would be two 2-bit inputs and the output of 1-bit sum and 1-bit carry. (A third carry input could be added later.)
Whats a good way to represent 1 & 0? e.g. slide left or right right.
How could design the units to cascade them? You may have to clever about balancing mechanical forces. The friction of several cascade bit adders could make them unmoveable.
Oil/coal demand has been sluggish due to 1970s/80s environmental efficiency improvements. However the petroleum industry has already observed that computer/communications demand may reach a quarter of the US electrical demand this decade in some talks I've heard. This will increase demand for natural gas, coal and petroleum in electricy generations. (Nuclear is dead and hydroelectric pretty much saturated.)
However, there are already Green government specifications for energy efficient computers. But companies and homeowners have been slow to adopt them because they cost some extra dollars.
About the same time as the current MS action. I recall some of the issues having to do with cutting off advance chip info to InterGraph, and the suing DEC/Compaq over the Alpha chip. Intel reacted quickly, made an agreement with DOJ, and made concessions. The didn't try to be belligerent and probably came out ahead.
Despite all of its flaws, the InterNet burst from its cocoon in the early 90s to become a trillion dollar enterprise in less than a decade. This was partly due to some open, simple, and flawed standards such as TC/IP and http/html. There were a lot of false starts along the way such as the IEEE seven layer network protocols, IBM token networks, AOL/MSN/prodigy dial-up bboards, and so on.
Dr. Metcalfe (inventor of Ethernet and founder of 3COM) just had an InfoWorld column on this subject. He mentions two poles of the standards process: (1) market aggression by single source, e.g. MicroSoft or IBM and (2) a bureaucratic committee representing a broad number of clients, often attached to a professional society or government agency. Although both of these kinds have had successes, there have also been a lot of failures. Bob's preferred third way is for an organization to develop innovative technology and license it fairly openly- to everybody and inexpensively. AT&T UNIX, Sun NSF are examples.
(Please don't nitpick my examples, and these companies, which have tried all three kinds of standards.)
A neural network is useful when (1) you don't know the best explicit algorithmic solution, or (2) implementing the best algorithmic solution would be be too complicated or expensive. So a NN is an approximate solution. It is somewhat of a black box in that you don't know exactly how it is working, nor what its failure boundaries are. However, you can get some idea of how the NN works from its internal weight structure.
I was reading somewhere that several developing countries are refusing payment too, partly out of cost, partly for idealistic reasons (rich american capitalists exploiting poor). Of course, the registries could just drop unpaid accounts.
Supercomputer sometimes means "limited computer". In exchange for increased performance in some repect, you lose something in general purpose computing, such as software tools, programming generality, adequate peripherals etc.
Free hydrogen is a dense rocket energy source for return trips. On earth it is in water and hydrocarbons. Its suspected there is water ice in the Martian polar regions. The transport economics of Earth's Moon is currently poor, because no hydrogen source has been located.
Both Venus and Mars are almost all CO2 atmosphere. It is thought Earth was like that the first three billion years until life added free oxygen. Venus is the prototypical Greenhouse planet with 90 times the Earth's atmosphere- almost all CO2. If you evaporated all the limestone on Earth, you'd get this amount of CO2.
The Martian atmosphere on the other hand is a hundreth of earth's weight. However since it is mostly CO2, its overall CO2 amount is similar to Earth's atmosphere which is only 0.04% CO2.
The weight is currently 1% of earths- almost all CO2. Free water on the surface would quickly evaporate into space. The Martian geology looks like it had significant fluid erosion- probably water, so there was a heavier atmosphere to prevent quick dispersal into space. That atmosphere could have been something else- probably CO2.
Raw oxygen is chemically unstable- it wants to combine with rocks and other chemicals relatively quickly on geological time scale. There must be an anti-entropic process (life on earth) to keep free oxygen around.
There is a lot of oxygen in the soil- rust, and perhaps peroxides measure by Viking. So there may have been more free oxygen in the past.
The law says the average CPU requires a one second buffer of core memory, e.g. 1 GHz wants about one GB. So with CPU speeds doubling every two years, memory needs double every two years. Traditionally memory manufacturers have keep a little ahead of the curev- a new 4x generation every three years. But still demand will be insatiable.
kids + guns = 20th century wars
on
Virtual War
·
· Score: 1
There was a sad article in the Sunday NY Times telling how child soldiers have become very widespread in the later part of the 20th century. Weapons are easy enough for children to use. Kids are easy to abduct and brainwash into become fierce soldiers. This dodn't happen as much in earlier centuries when weapons were harder to use and societies has moral codes against militarizing children.
"Free" remote sensing software has been floating around the academic community for decades. Its the image data that cost big bucks. Academic software isn't as polished as industry maintained stuff.
Slashdot Mirror
The 20th century institutions will die out and be replaced by new ones that reflect current art and technology. Don't waste energy on appeasing the fossils.
There are a trillion neurons in a mammalian brain
with a thousand connections each. It will take a while to emulate this.
There is a old branch of EE called neural networks.
This is merely a variant of of it.
One of the more interesting neural networks is
CalTech's Carver Mead's artificial retina.
It has excitory and inhibitory connections.
His company put hundreds of thousands of them
on a chip to make a self-regulating and processing
digital camera. Got a White House medal for this
and other stuff.
Hydrogen is an important rocket fuel,
being found in water of methane.
The Martian rocks and atmosphere don't have much hydrogen.
It can be freed and concentrated with solar power.
Digital VCRs (TiVO, RePlay, AOLTV) record 1GB = 1 hr TV.
Would lap-top/clip board TVs be useful?
What is the minimal number of blocks for
a 1-bit adder. The simpler implementation
would be two 2-bit inputs and the output of 1-bit
sum and 1-bit carry. (A third carry input could
be added later.)
Whats a good way to represent 1 & 0?
e.g. slide left or right right.
How could design the units to cascade them?
You may have to clever about balancing mechanical
forces. The friction of several cascade bit adders could make them unmoveable.
Oil/coal demand has been sluggish due to 1970s/80s environmental efficiency improvements. However the petroleum industry has already observed that computer/communications demand may reach a quarter of the US electrical demand this decade in some talks I've heard. This will increase demand for natural gas, coal and petroleum in electricy generations. (Nuclear is dead and hydroelectric pretty much saturated.)
However, there are already Green government specifications for energy efficient computers. But companies and homeowners have been slow to adopt them because they cost some extra dollars.
1) Use Wintel machine
2) 5-30 minutes "blue screen of death"
3) Reboot machine
Some wavelet algorithms resemble the FFT,
i.e. iteratively compute the basis.
Some don't.
I recall JPL switched from military spec chips
to radiation tested off the shelf chips. Even if the yield is very small, its cheaper.
About the same time as the current MS action. I recall some of the issues having to do with
cutting off advance chip info to InterGraph, and the suing DEC/Compaq over the Alpha chip. Intel reacted quickly, made an agreement with DOJ, and made concessions. The didn't try to be belligerent and probably came out ahead.
Elevated radiation is significant for them.
Despite all of its flaws, the InterNet burst from its cocoon in the early 90s to become a trillion dollar enterprise in less than a decade. This was partly due to some open, simple, and flawed standards such as TC/IP and http/html. There were a lot of false starts along the way such as the IEEE seven layer network protocols, IBM token networks, AOL/MSN/prodigy dial-up bboards, and so on.
Dr. Metcalfe (inventor of Ethernet and founder of 3COM) just had an InfoWorld column on this subject. He mentions two poles of the standards process: (1) market aggression by single source, e.g. MicroSoft or IBM and (2) a bureaucratic committee representing a broad number of clients, often attached to a professional society or government agency. Although both of these kinds have had successes, there have also been a lot of failures. Bob's preferred third way is for an organization to develop innovative technology and license it fairly openly- to everybody and inexpensively. AT&T UNIX, Sun NSF are examples.
(Please don't nitpick my examples, and these companies, which have tried all three kinds of standards.)
A neural network is useful when (1) you don't know the best explicit algorithmic solution, or (2) implementing the best algorithmic solution would be be too complicated or expensive. So a NN is an approximate solution. It is somewhat of a black box in that you don't know exactly how it is working, nor what its failure boundaries are. However, you can get some idea of how the NN works from its internal weight structure.
I was reading somewhere that several developing countries are refusing payment too, partly out of cost, partly for idealistic reasons (rich american capitalists exploiting poor). Of course, the registries could just drop unpaid accounts.
Supercomputer sometimes means "limited computer".
In exchange for increased performance in some
repect, you lose something in general purpose
computing, such as software tools, programming
generality, adequate peripherals etc.
Around 100 GFLOPs, $5 million, these days.
...
Considering a Mac G4 chip peaks at 4 GFLOPS
Free hydrogen is a dense rocket energy source for return trips. On earth it is in water and hydrocarbons. Its suspected there is water ice in the Martian polar regions. The transport economics of Earth's Moon is currently poor, because no hydrogen source has been located.
Both Venus and Mars are almost all CO2 atmosphere. It is thought Earth was like that the first three billion years until life added free oxygen. Venus is the prototypical Greenhouse planet with 90 times the Earth's atmosphere- almost all CO2. If you evaporated all the limestone on Earth, you'd get this amount of CO2.
The Martian atmosphere on the other hand is a hundreth of earth's weight. However since it is mostly CO2, its overall CO2 amount is similar to Earth's atmosphere which is only 0.04% CO2.
The weight is currently 1% of earths- almost all CO2. Free water on the surface would quickly
evaporate into space. The Martian geology looks
like it had significant fluid erosion- probably water, so there was a heavier atmosphere to prevent quick dispersal into space. That atmosphere could have been something else- probably CO2.
Raw oxygen is chemically unstable- it wants to combine with rocks and other chemicals relatively quickly on geological time scale. There must be an anti-entropic process (life on earth) to keep free oxygen around.
There is a lot of oxygen in the soil- rust, and
perhaps peroxides measure by Viking. So there may have been more free oxygen in the past.
May 28 Sunday NY Times Magazine had an / 20000528mag-immigrant.html> article </A> (free; registration required) by a guy who returned to his boyhood in Cupertino. He found an investor had converted it into a nine-room boarding house by subdividing the larger rooms. All were 20-something Mandarin speaking H-1B'ers; some engineers, some venture capitalist wanabees. Sounds like MicroSerfs on steroids.
The law says the average CPU requires a one second buffer of core memory, e.g. 1 GHz wants about one GB. So with CPU speeds doubling every two years, memory needs double every two years.
Traditionally memory manufacturers have keep
a little ahead of the curev- a new 4x generation every three years. But still demand will be insatiable.
There was a sad article in the Sunday NY Times telling how child soldiers have become very widespread in the later part of the 20th century. Weapons are easy enough for children to use. Kids are easy to abduct and brainwash into become fierce soldiers. This dodn't happen as much in earlier centuries when weapons were harder to use and societies has moral codes against militarizing children.
"Free" remote sensing software has been floating around the academic community for decades. Its the image data that cost big bucks. Academic software isn't as polished as industry maintained stuff.