Y'know, disparaging Wikipedia for citing WHO statistics is a really good way to make you look like a jerk. Most of the medical and biological stuff is written by bored graduate students; it's just as accurate as the papers themselves. Save your ire for the history section and other reservoirs of national ego.
Probably a write or read past the end of an array. Debuggers love allocating extra space and accidentally making that stuff safe. Use a memory profiler; Valgrind will sort you out.
Interestingly, that may be what's happening in the first half of the paper. They spend a lot of time rambling about laboratory contaminants as though they're apologetic high school students trying to explain why their vinegar-and-baking-soda volcano burned a hole in the teacher's desk.
The protozoan parasite work my lab does spawned out of stuff that was once like that. The genus Plasmodium has over two hundred species, and is often said to have one species for every worthwhile animal in Africa (although in truth there's a lot of overlap, and about a dozen of them can attack humans.)
In defence of my original and somewhat-creaky post, I'd file that under the rare "exceptional genomes" category. Such findings may seem immense, but compared to the unbelievable scale of the whole tree of life, they're pretty exotic. And I'd still contend that, whether counting patents, diseases, or mutations, most of the useful information can be gleaned directly from the organisms we've already studied to death.
And on that last off-topic note: bizarrely, Canada Geese are one of the numerous invasive species in New Zealand.
They could've just gone with -1 as a return value and had no problems; it's not like PHP stops you from doing substr($foo, false)—in fact, it casts false to 0 and returns the whole string.
But that's just the thing: there are so many documentation-requiring exceptions of various kinds that you can't program without keeping the documentation open. I've written pretty large applications in PHP (including a full interpreter for a scripting language) and there's a true paucity of consistency. No other language has this problem, except perhaps INTERCAL.
It's safe to assume that the money will go where it's needed in order to produce the machine installation. Generally supercomputers run massively parallel batch jobs (e.g. partial differential equations for physics simulations such as nuclear explosions, weather, etc.) so while internode communication time is important, (especially with various kinds of pooled memory) it's not as important as you'd expect in a real-time application.
There are a lot of very real technical reasons why people don't like PHP. The syntax and naming of its function library is inconsistent, the type coercion is irregular, and it's inconsistent about warnings vs. errors—it tends to keep executing code even when it shouldn't, potentially leading to unwanted behaviour during development if a variable isn't set or something. Reddit has a fairly active board devoted to the various problems that can occur, not all of them avoidable.
One of the most peculiar details in all of this is that PHP's original author (and, I think, but don't quote me on this, a portion of the development staff) considers himself a non-programmer; that PHP was just thrown together to simplify work. That would be okay, but it's led to a lot of security holes, bugs, and irreversible bad choices over the years, like having to use === in string parsing because false is returned by strpos() if it doesn't find anything (and false == 0). No other language requires this particular quirk.
I don't blame you for not liking Ruby. While it's a much cleaner language, it's got some very peculiar syntactical features that make a lot of people scratch their heads—most notably, there are circumstances under which return doesn't work normally, which can be very frustrating. However, there are some very creative uses of familiar syntax that, for example, make strings really easy to work with; haystack['needle'] = 'thread' is the same as $haystack = str_replace('needle', 'thread', $haystack) in PHP. I haven't used it personally, but I think the major reason Ruby projects get abandoned so much is because the people writing code in it are not experienced programmers.
Running down the list a little and hopping over JVM stuff, the other decent web languages you may want to consider are Perl and Python. Both have extremely well-developed libraries and are good with strings, so it's mostly just a question of picking "esoteric and terse" vs. "newbie-friendly and easily maintained." Decent JVM languages include JWT, Scala, and Clojure (with noir; check out that sexy beast), although JWT is probably overkill for anything smaller than Gmail.
I think all of those more or less underscore my point; to avoid doing more harm than good, there are a lot of deep cultural changes that need to be seen through to the end before simply throwing technology and ideas at a group of people. Science fiction belabours this point endlessly, although it rarely goes beyond the surface.
The idea of an atheist prescribing religion isn't really a new one, either; you can hardly look at history without realising that's why we developed religion in the first place. The hard part is in finding a sufficiently accessible teaching system; Europe experimented with all kinds of belief systems both before and after Christianity took root, and not all of them are compatible with the older generations of a hunter-gatherer society. Above all else, however, the work must be done thoroughly, otherwise we get tragedies like Nigerian witchdoctors telling men to rape children as a to cure to their AIDS, and hideous chimerical beasts like the LRA. Unfortunately this invasive process amounts to a great deal of lost cultural diversity.
As a student of evolution I'm somewhat inclined to agree with you, but keep in mind that would foster a great deal of global instability and subsequent hatred. There is probably a better way than what you're suggesting.
I would argue that the presence of the Coptic church in Ethiopia prevented the Roman Catholics from doing the same damage they did elsewhere. The importation of Abrahamic religions to Africa in the modern era still did a lot of fresh damage, whether or not they were already there.
In TFA, that was the major source of difference. Debian, Fedora, and OpenSUSE packages were tested; Debian differed only in the timestamps, OpenSUSE had a few lingering debug features, and the Fedora binary was a little weirder (perhaps the result of a different compiler version?)
You are guilty because some very well-meaning but strategically inept white people realised that the imperial powers that colonized Africa in the 19th century basically sold the entire continent guns without any attempt at training. Most of the time, they left afterwards.
And most of the time, these were not literally guns, but ideas: Christianity, capitalism, democracy, bureaucracy, self-determination... These are all very powerful tools that can be used to positive effect by a mind from the right culture, but at the time, no one realised that the cultural differences ran deeply enough that a generation or two of education and preaching was insufficient. The people who did draw the distinction were either so excited by science that they assumed the difference was fundamental (and so created Social Darwinism), quickly making the whole topic verboten. It was suppressed in the name of political correctness, which made it a little easier for highly motivated people to change their cultural makeup and succeed, but mostly did damage, as we were now ignorant of why everyone else continued to fail.
The key difference between the two cultures is an analytic mindset versus a holistic mindset; we break ideas down, they see them in context. There are advantages to both, although without any analytical skill whatsoever it becomes immensely hard to reason about whether or not you're being cheated on a deal or if it makes no sense that some random guy's arbitrary religious hate assertions are more reasonable than those of someone else. For most of human history, these kinds of reasoning simply haven't been necessary.
This is at least as devastating as the actual guns, not to mention all of the diseases, in the colonization of other far-off lands. (Oh, and the slave trade. Let's not forget that even tiny little Easter frickin' Island had its people stolen by the Peruvians for slavery.)
So. You are guilty because, in an ironic twist of fate, the academics who are trying to help get this mess fixed have no idea of how to appeal to the reason of the people around them. They feel so bad about the interventionalism of the past that they don't want to accept that the solution lies in education—a little closer to the bad kind than most efforts—and would rather treat the symptoms, like stopping the LRA. If it's any consolation, most such activists are students who don't really know any better and are just victims of their own consciences.
I'm gonna hafta side with Lumpy on this one: many African dictators and warlords are simply crazy. Several countries were put into severe straits by the imperialism of the 19th century, which has created a vicious cycle. The most notorious is the Congo Free State, which was abused by Belgians acting without governmental authority; the atrocities committed then are more than sufficient, on their own, to explain continued horrors like the LRA and the Rwandan genocides.
Between the extremism of religion and the blood-soaked historical canvas, there are far more poisonous elements in sub-Saharan Africa than present-day economic exploitation. The innate holism of many African cultures makes this somewhat more of a problem than in analytical Western European cultures where we are taught to question authority.
School works out okay for some people—I made it through with consistent Bs and As (and only got Cs when I really couldn't be convinced to care, which was scarcely.) My high school actually did have a programming curriculum, three courses from grade 10 to 12, which was focused on business applications (nothing but VB, Access, and Turing; bleck.) I'd been programming since I was twelve or thirteen, though, so despite my teacher's best efforts, I knew at least as much as he did on pretty much every topic, and ultimately the courses ended up being an excuse for me to waste a quarter of my day for three semesters writing Tetris clones and cheating at online typing speed tests. (Sadly, they cleared the scoreboards when rude comments with ~400 wpm started showing up.)
In my opinion, this happened because there was no standard curriculum. The teacher was told to offer computer science, so (being the business teacher) he did what he knew. I later heard that other schools in the district taught a more serious load: Java (at the time) and the content from a first-year intro to CS course, but I was only aware of one or two students who actually excelled in programming there; when the University of Waterloo started hosting province-wide programming competitions, it turned out that my self-taught knowledge got our school a lot further than their well-intentioned teaching. (Our team made it to the finals, in fact, even though most of the questions were classic CS problems that we didn't have the theoretical background for.)
So, two points: one, you can stick to the curriculum and still learn on the side. The school workload is honestly pretty light, and I think you would've been bored out of your skull just like I was if you'd gone through it. Two, I still somewhat agree with you about the self-directed learning thing, but that doesn't mean the classroom has to be cut out; I'm pretty sure I can attribute the success of a lot of my university classmates to professors telling them that they should program for fun in their spare time. If we can make sure that this piece of crucial knowledge gets passed on to teachers, then programming in grade school has a chance of actually being a positive force, like it should be.
...The proof is that we got totally clobbered at the finals by students who actually were from the vicinity of CS-heavy universities. Clearly their non-standardized curricula did something right that our backwater ones couldn't quite grasp.
The resulting nanostructured electrodes show high specific capacities (1230 mAh/g for sulfur and 3060 mAh/g for silicon) and excellent cycling performance (up to 200 cycles with 60% and 95% capacity retention, respectively).
Wikipedia says gasoline is about 13 kWh/kg. Who wants to do some unit conversion? (Hint: not me.)
Yes, they do, but they don't play coy about it. This Markov chain cynicism, where commenters suggest every organisation might commit every evil they can dream up, gets really tiresome. For the most part you have to actually be a government representative before you're thuggish enough to use child porn as an excuse for other abuses.
Slashdot Mirror
I dunno about that; heart failure is found in 100% of DHMO overdoses. The rat LD50 for DMHO is only 90 g/kg.
Don't bother. You'd get more bang for your buck if you sprinkled fibreglass in their bedsheets every night.
Y'know, disparaging Wikipedia for citing WHO statistics is a really good way to make you look like a jerk. Most of the medical and biological stuff is written by bored graduate students; it's just as accurate as the papers themselves. Save your ire for the history section and other reservoirs of national ego.
Sodium chloride, man. That shit will do you in. And watch out for that shifty DHMO guy, too. Nothing good comes of a chemical with "HMO" in its name.
Probably a write or read past the end of an array. Debuggers love allocating extra space and accidentally making that stuff safe. Use a memory profiler; Valgrind will sort you out.
Interestingly, that may be what's happening in the first half of the paper. They spend a lot of time rambling about laboratory contaminants as though they're apologetic high school students trying to explain why their vinegar-and-baking-soda volcano burned a hole in the teacher's desk.
The protozoan parasite work my lab does spawned out of stuff that was once like that. The genus Plasmodium has over two hundred species, and is often said to have one species for every worthwhile animal in Africa (although in truth there's a lot of overlap, and about a dozen of them can attack humans.)
In defence of my original and somewhat-creaky post, I'd file that under the rare "exceptional genomes" category. Such findings may seem immense, but compared to the unbelievable scale of the whole tree of life, they're pretty exotic. And I'd still contend that, whether counting patents, diseases, or mutations, most of the useful information can be gleaned directly from the organisms we've already studied to death.
And on that last off-topic note: bizarrely, Canada Geese are one of the numerous invasive species in New Zealand.
They could've just gone with -1 as a return value and had no problems; it's not like PHP stops you from doing substr($foo, false)—in fact, it casts false to 0 and returns the whole string.
But that's just the thing: there are so many documentation-requiring exceptions of various kinds that you can't program without keeping the documentation open. I've written pretty large applications in PHP (including a full interpreter for a scripting language) and there's a true paucity of consistency. No other language has this problem, except perhaps INTERCAL.
You're saying you don't search strings for tokens in normal usage? Now you're weirding me out. What the heck do you plan on doing with PHP?
It's safe to assume that the money will go where it's needed in order to produce the machine installation. Generally supercomputers run massively parallel batch jobs (e.g. partial differential equations for physics simulations such as nuclear explosions, weather, etc.) so while internode communication time is important, (especially with various kinds of pooled memory) it's not as important as you'd expect in a real-time application.
And the Truman Doctrine. Let's not forget the Truman Doctrine.
Speed measured in exaflops (quintillion floating point operations per second) and high-performance computing, respectively. HTH, HAND.
Yes, much like a CRT monitor, this and all other particle accelerators have the ability to generate mass.
There are a lot of very real technical reasons why people don't like PHP. The syntax and naming of its function library is inconsistent, the type coercion is irregular, and it's inconsistent about warnings vs. errors—it tends to keep executing code even when it shouldn't, potentially leading to unwanted behaviour during development if a variable isn't set or something. Reddit has a fairly active board devoted to the various problems that can occur, not all of them avoidable.
One of the most peculiar details in all of this is that PHP's original author (and, I think, but don't quote me on this, a portion of the development staff) considers himself a non-programmer; that PHP was just thrown together to simplify work. That would be okay, but it's led to a lot of security holes, bugs, and irreversible bad choices over the years, like having to use === in string parsing because false is returned by strpos() if it doesn't find anything (and false == 0). No other language requires this particular quirk.
I don't blame you for not liking Ruby. While it's a much cleaner language, it's got some very peculiar syntactical features that make a lot of people scratch their heads—most notably, there are circumstances under which return doesn't work normally, which can be very frustrating. However, there are some very creative uses of familiar syntax that, for example, make strings really easy to work with; haystack['needle'] = 'thread' is the same as $haystack = str_replace('needle', 'thread', $haystack) in PHP. I haven't used it personally, but I think the major reason Ruby projects get abandoned so much is because the people writing code in it are not experienced programmers.
Running down the list a little and hopping over JVM stuff, the other decent web languages you may want to consider are Perl and Python. Both have extremely well-developed libraries and are good with strings, so it's mostly just a question of picking "esoteric and terse" vs. "newbie-friendly and easily maintained." Decent JVM languages include JWT, Scala, and Clojure (with noir; check out that sexy beast), although JWT is probably overkill for anything smaller than Gmail.
So you've never searched a string for a token?
No, it's really not just you.
I think all of those more or less underscore my point; to avoid doing more harm than good, there are a lot of deep cultural changes that need to be seen through to the end before simply throwing technology and ideas at a group of people. Science fiction belabours this point endlessly, although it rarely goes beyond the surface.
The idea of an atheist prescribing religion isn't really a new one, either; you can hardly look at history without realising that's why we developed religion in the first place. The hard part is in finding a sufficiently accessible teaching system; Europe experimented with all kinds of belief systems both before and after Christianity took root, and not all of them are compatible with the older generations of a hunter-gatherer society. Above all else, however, the work must be done thoroughly, otherwise we get tragedies like Nigerian witchdoctors telling men to rape children as a to cure to their AIDS, and hideous chimerical beasts like the LRA. Unfortunately this invasive process amounts to a great deal of lost cultural diversity.
As a student of evolution I'm somewhat inclined to agree with you, but keep in mind that would foster a great deal of global instability and subsequent hatred. There is probably a better way than what you're suggesting.
I would argue that the presence of the Coptic church in Ethiopia prevented the Roman Catholics from doing the same damage they did elsewhere. The importation of Abrahamic religions to Africa in the modern era still did a lot of fresh damage, whether or not they were already there.
In TFA, that was the major source of difference. Debian, Fedora, and OpenSUSE packages were tested; Debian differed only in the timestamps, OpenSUSE had a few lingering debug features, and the Fedora binary was a little weirder (perhaps the result of a different compiler version?)
You are guilty because some very well-meaning but strategically inept white people realised that the imperial powers that colonized Africa in the 19th century basically sold the entire continent guns without any attempt at training. Most of the time, they left afterwards.
And most of the time, these were not literally guns, but ideas: Christianity, capitalism, democracy, bureaucracy, self-determination... These are all very powerful tools that can be used to positive effect by a mind from the right culture, but at the time, no one realised that the cultural differences ran deeply enough that a generation or two of education and preaching was insufficient. The people who did draw the distinction were either so excited by science that they assumed the difference was fundamental (and so created Social Darwinism), quickly making the whole topic verboten. It was suppressed in the name of political correctness, which made it a little easier for highly motivated people to change their cultural makeup and succeed, but mostly did damage, as we were now ignorant of why everyone else continued to fail.
The key difference between the two cultures is an analytic mindset versus a holistic mindset; we break ideas down, they see them in context. There are advantages to both, although without any analytical skill whatsoever it becomes immensely hard to reason about whether or not you're being cheated on a deal or if it makes no sense that some random guy's arbitrary religious hate assertions are more reasonable than those of someone else. For most of human history, these kinds of reasoning simply haven't been necessary.
This is at least as devastating as the actual guns, not to mention all of the diseases, in the colonization of other far-off lands. (Oh, and the slave trade. Let's not forget that even tiny little Easter frickin' Island had its people stolen by the Peruvians for slavery.)
So. You are guilty because, in an ironic twist of fate, the academics who are trying to help get this mess fixed have no idea of how to appeal to the reason of the people around them. They feel so bad about the interventionalism of the past that they don't want to accept that the solution lies in education—a little closer to the bad kind than most efforts—and would rather treat the symptoms, like stopping the LRA. If it's any consolation, most such activists are students who don't really know any better and are just victims of their own consciences.
I'm gonna hafta side with Lumpy on this one: many African dictators and warlords are simply crazy. Several countries were put into severe straits by the imperialism of the 19th century, which has created a vicious cycle. The most notorious is the Congo Free State, which was abused by Belgians acting without governmental authority; the atrocities committed then are more than sufficient, on their own, to explain continued horrors like the LRA and the Rwandan genocides.
Between the extremism of religion and the blood-soaked historical canvas, there are far more poisonous elements in sub-Saharan Africa than present-day economic exploitation. The innate holism of many African cultures makes this somewhat more of a problem than in analytical Western European cultures where we are taught to question authority.
School works out okay for some people—I made it through with consistent Bs and As (and only got Cs when I really couldn't be convinced to care, which was scarcely.) My high school actually did have a programming curriculum, three courses from grade 10 to 12, which was focused on business applications (nothing but VB, Access, and Turing; bleck.) I'd been programming since I was twelve or thirteen, though, so despite my teacher's best efforts, I knew at least as much as he did on pretty much every topic, and ultimately the courses ended up being an excuse for me to waste a quarter of my day for three semesters writing Tetris clones and cheating at online typing speed tests. (Sadly, they cleared the scoreboards when rude comments with ~400 wpm started showing up.)
In my opinion, this happened because there was no standard curriculum. The teacher was told to offer computer science, so (being the business teacher) he did what he knew. I later heard that other schools in the district taught a more serious load: Java (at the time) and the content from a first-year intro to CS course, but I was only aware of one or two students who actually excelled in programming there; when the University of Waterloo started hosting province-wide programming competitions, it turned out that my self-taught knowledge got our school a lot further than their well-intentioned teaching. (Our team made it to the finals, in fact, even though most of the questions were classic CS problems that we didn't have the theoretical background for.)
So, two points: one, you can stick to the curriculum and still learn on the side. The school workload is honestly pretty light, and I think you would've been bored out of your skull just like I was if you'd gone through it. Two, I still somewhat agree with you about the self-directed learning thing, but that doesn't mean the classroom has to be cut out; I'm pretty sure I can attribute the success of a lot of my university classmates to professors telling them that they should program for fun in their spare time. If we can make sure that this piece of crucial knowledge gets passed on to teachers, then programming in grade school has a chance of actually being a positive force, like it should be.
...The proof is that we got totally clobbered at the finals by students who actually were from the vicinity of CS-heavy universities. Clearly their non-standardized curricula did something right that our backwater ones couldn't quite grasp.
From TFAbstract:
The resulting nanostructured electrodes show high specific capacities (1230 mAh/g for sulfur and 3060 mAh/g for silicon) and excellent cycling performance (up to 200 cycles with 60% and 95% capacity retention, respectively).
Wikipedia says gasoline is about 13 kWh/kg. Who wants to do some unit conversion? (Hint: not me.)
No, the summary is complete; no one gets awards for that. Watch your scope creep!
Yes, they do, but they don't play coy about it. This Markov chain cynicism, where commenters suggest every organisation might commit every evil they can dream up, gets really tiresome. For the most part you have to actually be a government representative before you're thuggish enough to use child porn as an excuse for other abuses.