Ever have one of those days when you just can't decide what you want to eat, but you know you are hungry? That's a psychological example of a deadlock due to too many choices. If you were still bound by instincts you would eat the first thing that became a doable possibility for food.
Ever see an epileptic have a seizure? Most likely they have a biological brain condition in which the neuron signals get "stuck" in what is the equivalent of a computing loop.
Those are just two general examples to add to your optical illusion example.
As for dyslexia, I actually helped run a dyslexia lab for a short while. Dyslexic studies are starting to show a high correlation between phonetic processing and level of dyslexia. High phonetic languages, such as Spanish where there is a 1:1 mapping of sound to letter, have low instances of dyslexics, whereas a language like English, with a more convoluted mapping of sounds to letters and spelling "rules," have a high number of cases of dyslexia. The issue is with parsing the sounds (phonemes), not necessarily parsing the letters (graphemes).
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Ever have one of those days when you just can't decide what you want to eat, but you know you are hungry? That's a psychological example of a deadlock due to too many choices. If you were still bound by instincts you would eat the first thing that became a doable possibility for food. Ever see an epileptic have a seizure? Most likely they have a biological brain condition in which the neuron signals get "stuck" in what is the equivalent of a computing loop. Those are just two general examples to add to your optical illusion example. As for dyslexia, I actually helped run a dyslexia lab for a short while. Dyslexic studies are starting to show a high correlation between phonetic processing and level of dyslexia. High phonetic languages, such as Spanish where there is a 1:1 mapping of sound to letter, have low instances of dyslexics, whereas a language like English, with a more convoluted mapping of sounds to letters and spelling "rules," have a high number of cases of dyslexia. The issue is with parsing the sounds (phonemes), not necessarily parsing the letters (graphemes).