This is semantic. Harvard architecture implies seperate paths for data and instructions. The path into the CPU for the instructions is the same as the path into the CPU for data.
On the 68040, yes, there is a separate I-cache that isn't coherent with memory writes. But it is quite possible to use instructions that operate on data memory to modify code-- as long as you're sure to invalidate the i-cache before the code runs.
Yes, I admit some people use the term harvard architecture to refer to processor architecture where code and data diverge early.. but by this definition even the pentium iv is a harvard architecture with its trace cache-- despite it being programmed and having a memory map and external interconnects just like traditional von neumann machines. I prefer sticking with the original context of the term.
That has nothing to do with harvard architecture, and your 68040 wasn't a harvard arch.
Harvard architecture refers to seperating instruction and data memories, unlike Von Neuman architectures you find most places. Harvard architectures are still popular in many microcontroller families, though.
Whether parts are certified for static operation (e.g. clock frequency down to 0Hz) is a completely different matter.
The Intel Xeon processor, which was introduced in June, is the first Intel Xeon processor to offer Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology (Intel® EM64T). EM64T helps overcome the 4-Gigabyte memory addressability hurdle, providing software developers flexibility for writing programs to meet the evolving demands of data-center computing. The processor also features Demand Based Switching with Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology to dynamically adjust the processor's power usage up to 31 percent to reduce operating costs and heat issues.
Read your link again-- it says that distributors will only get return for credit, but that customers can get a replacement drive direct from seagate in years 4 and 5.
Beginning on the date of shipment to its direct customer and continuing for the published warranty period, Seagate represents that the Products are new or, if they contain remanufactured or used components, are the equivalent of new in performance and reliability and warrants that each Product failing to function properly under normal use, due to a defect in materials or workmanship or due to nonconformance to the agreed upon specifications, will be repaired or exchanged, at Seagate's option and expense.
30 AU / mach 10 at sea level = 41.7 years. Sure, it'd take slightly longer given orbital mechanics, and it assumes that you maintain a constant 3500 m/s there.
Are you suggesting he has less than 42 years to live?:P
there's no way a 4-cylinder 2 liter engine is going over 100!
This might have been valid 20 years ago, but it's hardly today. I've happily had my Honda S2000 (4 cyl, 2 liter normally aspriated, making 240HP) up to 140MPH, and there was plenty of excess engine power left for acceleration at that point.
The engine efficiency drops massively as the RPMs increase to the torque peak
As most people have mentioned here, specific fuel consumption is usually best around the torque peak in an internal combustion engine.. But there are other losses other than engine efficiency (aerodynamic losses being a major factor, increasingly roughly with the square of the velocity).
While the straight dope is usually pretty good, this sets off my BS detector a little bit.
Cancer represents about 23% of all deaths in the US. That says about 51 of the people should die from cancer in their lifetimes. Also, there are likely other factors that could modify cancer risk for this population. These numbers hardly seem anywhere close to statistically significant in proving that there's a correlation between having worked on that movie and getting cancer.
Yes, it is reliable. Since July of 2002, when ntfsresize became publicly available, there were countless success reports for both enlarging and shrinking Windows XP/2000/NT4, Windows Server 2003 and Longhorn NTFS filesystems on both workstation and server versions (Home, Professional, Server, Advanced Server). No destroyed filesystem was reported who followed the instructions correctly.
Sure, the inverse square law applies and all, but what else does distance have to do with it? Do you think the gamma radiation gets tired after awhile and decides to turn around and go home?
You're thinking of the solder mask-- and the principal purpose of the solder mask is to-- you guessed it-- mask where solder goes. It's not a very good insulator and also there are large areas where a particle of conductive dust would be bad (on component leads, on various places which are left unmasked, probably wouldn't be good in inductors for CPU core power supply, or in the power supply itself..)
Second, while Plutonium is toxic, it's not that bad - caffeine has a lower fatal dose than Plutonium.
While I agree with the gist of your point, plutonium is fairly toxic. Death from a month comes from quantities as low as 50 mg inhaled; 80 micrograms inhaled is probably sufficient to cause cancer. Ingestion LD-50 is estimated to be 500mg or so for an average sized person.
LD50 of caffeine is 150mg/kg, give or take, or 10 grams ingested.
It's nowhere up there with neurotoxins; and it certainly couldn't wipe out all life on earth. But an (extremely) low probability event could kill a few hundred people.
There were concepts in the late 60's that were designed to fly different reentry profiles; I think you're thinking of the "stubby" shuttle concept (it flew a high AoA, didn't have much wing area, and focused a lot of design effort on putting thermals in a couple of narrow regions).
You are correct, though -- not having to satisfy any cross-range requirements in your design does mean you can control where the heat goes more easily; but overall heat loading remains about the same.
The air force wanted "large cross range capability", in other words, the ability to glide in large distances. The Air Force's desire for 1100 miles of cross-range doesn't put the shuttle anywhere near the capability of doing a low altitude flyover of Soviet airspace-- Florida is a LONG glide from Russia for something that effectively drops like a brick.
The nefarious use of cross range capability would be for the Shuttle to be able to enter a polar orbit, grab a spy satellite, and come back around and land in the same field. The problem is, in the hour and a half that orbit would take, the Earth would rotate about 22 degrees. So for the Shuttle to land at the same field, it would need to glide about 1000 miles (depending on how far from the equator it was).
This has pretty obviously not been used. But the versatility that the high cross range capability provided has greatly eased shuttle operations and also makes the vehicle safer by adding additional abort capabilities.
Another point: cross range capability has nothing to do with the heat shields. The Shuttle has a huge amount of kinetic energy that has to be dissipated one way or another; and really, you don't have a lot of choice in how quickly you aerobrake. The high cross range capability required more wing area and wing mass; and if you had a lower surface area to mass ratio, you'd actually aerobrake more quickly and require additional shielding.
AoA doesn't really come into it much. Once you enter the atmosphere, you're losing huge amounts of velocity. At hypersonic velocities, L/D ratios are awful, pretty much no matter what your AoA is.
Altitude induced decompression sickness-- a big concern at flight in the flight levels; prevalence is relatively common at 20,000 ft, and that's still about.1 atm.
That's the mmHg -OVER- atmospheric pressure. Or "gauge pressure", in other words.
If it was at negative pressure, if you got a cut, your arteries/veins would suck air in.:P
If you go below 60 mmHg or so, you indeed will have the water in the blood boil; the saturated vapor pressure of water will exceed the ambient pressure. Well before then other blood gases will begin to leave solution, blocking arteries and veins (aka the bends, which is well documented in divers).
Satellites put out rather small amounts of output power compared to terrestial transmitters; and the inverse square law means the strength of the signal from, say, a DirecTV transponder is greatly diminished. The fact that satellite operators are guaranteed spectrum that will be clear from interference is one of the many necessary economic conditions to make communications satellite launches profitable/worthwhile.
In addition, the FCC helped fuel DBS satellite TV adoption by pre-empting local laws, and codes, covenants, and restrictions (all those long restrictions on land's use generally put in place by the original developer) from prohibiting satellite dishes/antennas smaller than 1m. Prior to that, most developments and tract houses (and some entire cities) were banning their use. This is another thing that the FCC did that helped make DBS worthwhile.
It doesn't take much output power to mess other things up.. A few hundred milliwatts is enough to interfere with GPS with everyone you have line of sight to (including airplanes). Regulation preventing everyone from stomping on everyone else is good.
This doesn't mean I agree with everything the FCC does; policy on the ISM band is lackluster, and the FCC leans way too hard to protect existing licensees in AM, FM, and TV broadcast applications at the expense of new services and local operators.
Adding a seperate optical port would complicate the form factor, and miniplug to TOSlink cables are commonly available and not expensive (comparatively)
Well, given that the Japanese military attempted to prevent a surrender at all costs after both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and that the surrender tapes almost weren't successfully broadcast due to actions by the Japanese military police forces against the Imperial Guard, I think it's reasonable to question whether dropping a nuke in the sea would have accomplished much. Indeed, there was little reaction at all to the Hiroshima device, nor to the Potsdam declaration before that.
And there were only 3 atomic weapons at the time. (It's even likely, that had confusion from conventional bombing not permitted the second set of tapes to be ferried to the radio station, that the third bomb would have been dropped-- It was being ferried to the theatre at the time).
MacArthur estimated that 1.5-2M Japanese would fight to defend the islands; previous battles had cost about roughly one allied life per two Japanese soldiers encountered; so it is not really hard to imagine an alternative scenario when millions of people would be killed, as opposed to perhaps 150,000 total from the atomic bombings. (The best estimates are about 103,000 killed within several months of the bombing, and perhaps 1000 from radiation induced cancers and leukemia).
Yah, it really sucks. But the alternatives weren't very nice, either. Russia was about to begin meddling, too, and things could have gotten very messy.
The use of nuclear weapons on hiroshima and nagasaki was tactically unnecessary, it did not decide the war, it only speeded up the ending of it. Especially the second bomb was unnecessary, since the japanese had gotten the message after the first one.
Really? Allied projections for an island-by-island invasion of Japan involved literally millions of casualties of allied personnel and uninvolved civilians. And the Japanese military staged an unsuccessful coup rather than allow Hirohito to surrender after Nagasaki.
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This photograph disagrees with you-- it's not some sharp edge, but a nice gradient.
This is semantic. Harvard architecture implies seperate paths for data and instructions. The path into the CPU for the instructions is the same as the path into the CPU for data.
On the 68040, yes, there is a separate I-cache that isn't coherent with memory writes. But it is quite possible to use instructions that operate on data memory to modify code-- as long as you're sure to invalidate the i-cache before the code runs.
Yes, I admit some people use the term harvard architecture to refer to processor architecture where code and data diverge early.. but by this definition even the pentium iv is a harvard architecture with its trace cache-- despite it being programmed and having a memory map and external interconnects just like traditional von neumann machines. I prefer sticking with the original context of the term.
That has nothing to do with harvard architecture, and your 68040 wasn't a harvard arch.
Harvard architecture refers to seperating instruction and data memories, unlike Von Neuman architectures you find most places. Harvard architectures are still popular in many microcontroller families, though.
Whether parts are certified for static operation (e.g. clock frequency down to 0Hz) is a completely different matter.
From the article:
The Intel Xeon processor, which was introduced in June, is the first Intel Xeon processor to offer Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology (Intel® EM64T). EM64T helps overcome the 4-Gigabyte memory addressability hurdle, providing software developers flexibility for writing programs to meet the evolving demands of data-center computing. The processor also features Demand Based Switching with Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology to dynamically adjust the processor's power usage up to 31 percent to reduce operating costs and heat issues.
It's new Intel server platforms based on the Xeon that have been release; not new Xeons.
That being said, this really bulks up the low-intermediate end of the Intel enterprise offering.
Read your link again-- it says that distributors will only get return for credit, but that customers can get a replacement drive direct from seagate in years 4 and 5.
From the warranty:
Beginning on the date of shipment to its direct customer and continuing for the published warranty period, Seagate represents that the Products are new or, if they contain remanufactured or used components, are the equivalent of new in performance and reliability and warrants that each Product failing to function properly under normal use, due to a defect in materials or workmanship or due to nonconformance to the agreed upon specifications, will be repaired or exchanged, at Seagate's option and expense.
30 AU / mach 10 at sea level = 41.7 years. Sure, it'd take slightly longer given orbital mechanics, and it assumes that you maintain a constant 3500 m/s there.
:P
Are you suggesting he has less than 42 years to live?
there's no way a 4-cylinder 2 liter engine is going over 100!
This might have been valid 20 years ago, but it's hardly today. I've happily had my Honda S2000 (4 cyl, 2 liter normally aspriated, making 240HP) up to 140MPH, and there was plenty of excess engine power left for acceleration at that point.
The engine efficiency drops massively as the RPMs increase to the torque peak
As most people have mentioned here, specific fuel consumption is usually best around the torque peak in an internal combustion engine.. But there are other losses other than engine efficiency (aerodynamic losses being a major factor, increasingly roughly with the square of the velocity).
While the straight dope is usually pretty good, this sets off my BS detector a little bit.
Cancer represents about 23% of all deaths in the US. That says about 51 of the people should die from cancer in their lifetimes. Also, there are likely other factors that could modify cancer risk for this population. These numbers hardly seem anywhere close to statistically significant in proving that there's a correlation between having worked on that movie and getting cancer.
See this.
Is it reliable?
Yes, it is reliable. Since July of 2002, when ntfsresize became publicly available, there were countless success reports for both enlarging and shrinking Windows XP/2000/NT4, Windows Server 2003 and Longhorn NTFS filesystems on both workstation and server versions (Home, Professional, Server, Advanced Server). No destroyed filesystem was reported who followed the instructions correctly.
Oh ho. Not if you are using say NTFS.
Wrong
'NTFS partition resizing without data loss'
It's been around since at least 9.1. Maybe you should poke around before you spout incorrect information.
Someone will correct me if I'm wrong, but i'm pretty sure gamma radiation doesn't get spewed out by the sun
The sun produces a TON of gamma radiation
at least not to that distance...
Sure, the inverse square law applies and all, but what else does distance have to do with it? Do you think the gamma radiation gets tired after awhile and decides to turn around and go home?
You're thinking of the solder mask-- and the principal purpose of the solder mask is to-- you guessed it-- mask where solder goes. It's not a very good insulator and also there are large areas where a particle of conductive dust would be bad (on component leads, on various places which are left unmasked, probably wouldn't be good in inductors for CPU core power supply, or in the power supply itself..)
Second, while Plutonium is toxic, it's not that bad - caffeine has a lower fatal dose than Plutonium.
While I agree with the gist of your point, plutonium is fairly toxic. Death from a month comes from quantities as low as 50 mg inhaled; 80 micrograms inhaled is probably sufficient to cause cancer. Ingestion LD-50 is estimated to be 500mg or so for an average sized person.
LD50 of caffeine is 150mg/kg, give or take, or 10 grams ingested.
It's nowhere up there with neurotoxins; and it certainly couldn't wipe out all life on earth. But an (extremely) low probability event could kill a few hundred people.
There were concepts in the late 60's that were designed to fly different reentry profiles; I think you're thinking of the "stubby" shuttle concept (it flew a high AoA, didn't have much wing area, and focused a lot of design effort on putting thermals in a couple of narrow regions).
You are correct, though -- not having to satisfy any cross-range requirements in your design does mean you can control where the heat goes more easily; but overall heat loading remains about the same.
That isn't it.
The air force wanted "large cross range capability", in other words, the ability to glide in large distances. The Air Force's desire for 1100 miles of cross-range doesn't put the shuttle anywhere near the capability of doing a low altitude flyover of Soviet airspace-- Florida is a LONG glide from Russia for something that effectively drops like a brick.
The nefarious use of cross range capability would be for the Shuttle to be able to enter a polar orbit, grab a spy satellite, and come back around and land in the same field. The problem is, in the hour and a half that orbit would take, the Earth would rotate about 22 degrees. So for the Shuttle to land at the same field, it would need to glide about 1000 miles (depending on how far from the equator it was).
This has pretty obviously not been used. But the versatility that the high cross range capability provided has greatly eased shuttle operations and also makes the vehicle safer by adding additional abort capabilities.
Another point: cross range capability has nothing to do with the heat shields. The Shuttle has a huge amount of kinetic energy that has to be dissipated one way or another; and really, you don't have a lot of choice in how quickly you aerobrake. The high cross range capability required more wing area and wing mass; and if you had a lower surface area to mass ratio, you'd actually aerobrake more quickly and require additional shielding.
AoA doesn't really come into it much. Once you enter the atmosphere, you're losing huge amounts of velocity. At hypersonic velocities, L/D ratios are awful, pretty much no matter what your AoA is.
.5 atm. Should preview before I post.
One more thing to check out:
.1 atm.
Altitude induced decompression sickness-- a big concern at flight in the flight levels; prevalence is relatively common at 20,000 ft, and that's still about
That's the mmHg -OVER- atmospheric pressure. Or "gauge pressure", in other words.
:P
If it was at negative pressure, if you got a cut, your arteries/veins would suck air in.
If you go below 60 mmHg or so, you indeed will have the water in the blood boil; the saturated vapor pressure of water will exceed the ambient pressure. Well before then other blood gases will begin to leave solution, blocking arteries and veins (aka the bends, which is well documented in divers).
Read carefully. The article says that was SCOSource licensing revenue for Q2 of FY03.
801 isn't toll free.
800, 888, 866, 877, etc, are. 801 is the area code for the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.
Satellites put out rather small amounts of output power compared to terrestial transmitters; and the inverse square law means the strength of the signal from, say, a DirecTV transponder is greatly diminished. The fact that satellite operators are guaranteed spectrum that will be clear from interference is one of the many necessary economic conditions to make communications satellite launches profitable/worthwhile.
In addition, the FCC helped fuel DBS satellite TV adoption by pre-empting local laws, and codes, covenants, and restrictions (all those long restrictions on land's use generally put in place by the original developer) from prohibiting satellite dishes/antennas smaller than 1m. Prior to that, most developments and tract houses (and some entire cities) were banning their use. This is another thing that the FCC did that helped make DBS worthwhile.
It doesn't take much output power to mess other things up.. A few hundred milliwatts is enough to interfere with GPS with everyone you have line of sight to (including airplanes). Regulation preventing everyone from stomping on everyone else is good.
This doesn't mean I agree with everything the FCC does; policy on the ISM band is lackluster, and the FCC leans way too hard to protect existing licensees in AM, FM, and TV broadcast applications at the expense of new services and local operators.
Optical is built in. They use the sony-style mini-TOS combination 1/8th inch phono and optical.
Maybe it would help to read the specs.
Adding a seperate optical port would complicate the form factor, and miniplug to TOSlink cables are commonly available and not expensive (comparatively)
Well, given that the Japanese military attempted to prevent a surrender at all costs after both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and that the surrender tapes almost weren't successfully broadcast due to actions by the Japanese military police forces against the Imperial Guard, I think it's reasonable to question whether dropping a nuke in the sea would have accomplished much. Indeed, there was little reaction at all to the Hiroshima device, nor to the Potsdam declaration before that.
And there were only 3 atomic weapons at the time. (It's even likely, that had confusion from conventional bombing not permitted the second set of tapes to be ferried to the radio station, that the third bomb would have been dropped-- It was being ferried to the theatre at the time).
MacArthur estimated that 1.5-2M Japanese would fight to defend the islands; previous battles had cost about roughly one allied life per two Japanese soldiers encountered; so it is not really hard to imagine an alternative scenario when millions of people would be killed, as opposed to perhaps 150,000 total from the atomic bombings. (The best estimates are about 103,000 killed within several months of the bombing, and perhaps 1000 from radiation induced cancers and leukemia).
Yah, it really sucks. But the alternatives weren't very nice, either. Russia was about to begin meddling, too, and things could have gotten very messy.
The use of nuclear weapons on hiroshima and nagasaki was tactically unnecessary, it did not decide the war, it only speeded up the ending of it. Especially the second bomb was unnecessary, since the japanese had gotten the message after the first one.
Really? Allied projections for an island-by-island invasion of Japan involved literally millions of casualties of allied personnel and uninvolved civilians. And the Japanese military staged an unsuccessful coup rather than allow Hirohito to surrender after Nagasaki.