The CSS scripting language is a intergral part of the PDP++ Neural Network software. I currently use PDP++ for research any find that CSS is a very convenient way to setup and run simulations. This is opposed to other large ANN packages such as the Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator (SNNS) which uses its own scripting language that is a mix (or rather mess) of awk, Pascal, Modula2, and C. So I don't have to learn a new language to use my software. Also, PDP++ is a completely object oriented and you can manipulate the objects in the system very effectively with CSS. However, I wouldn't (and don't) use CSS for everyday scripting tasks. If you want to embed a fairly robust scripting language with familiar syntax into your systems then CSS is the ticket, otherwise stick with Ruby or Perl.
This is a perfectly good reason. Ruby was created in Japan, most of the Ruby documentation, up until about a year ago, was all in Japanese.In fact, until the end of January the default Ruby homepage www.ruby-lang.org was in Japanese.
Ruby is an interpreted 'scripting' language for quit and easy object-oriented programming; it combines the pure object-orientation of Smalltalk with the power and convenience of Perl, and a simple, clean syntax inspired by Eiffel.
I would strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in Ruby. Its layout is clear and concise and it is well written. A great introduction to a fascinating language. In fact, I picked this book up about four months ago and haven't used Perl since:]
If you want a comprehensive online resource to all things Ruby, or are just curious, check out www.ruby-lang.org
Someone has forgotten their organic chemistry.
The majority of 'gasoline' is the chemical C8H18, otheriwise known as Octane. Octane 'measure' of gas has nothing to do with combustability, it is the relative amount of C8H18 in the fuel. ie. an Octane rating of 92 means 92% of the gas is C8H18.
The other whatever% is things like hexane, pentane, ethanol, etc etc. And you want a higher Octain rating, more octane = more expensive, just check out the premium gas next time you fill up.
kha0S and Dr. Zowie have provided the most correct explantion so far.
NatePWIII is incorrect for what is being discussed here, these materials are not less dense than air.
Materials that we are talking about are left-handed and semi(?)-left-handed. True left-handed mediums have both a negative permittivity and permeability. There are other materials that are not truely left-handed, some ordinary metals such as copper and silver have negative permittivity (still +'ve permeability) at optical frequencies.
As kha0S said these mediums behave exactely opposite that of right-handed mediums (in the sense of vectors E,H,and B). But Snell's Law isn't reversed, it becomes complex and hence describes change in the phase of incident waves.
Snell's law :
So if permittivity (epsilon)is -'ve the sqrt()'s make the relation complex, ie. a+jb. This implies that the materials affect the phase of an incident wave. This agrees with what Dr. Zowie said, as phase velocity is defined as:
v = sqrt(permittivity * permeability)^-1
I'm not sure what happen with a true left-handed material (reversed vector characteristics but no phase change?), but with semi-left-handed material you can see that the phase velocity becomes complex also.
I hope this clarifies what kha0S said somewhat or makes any sense at all. There are still many other thing going on in these materials. A more complete explanation lies in how evanescent waves, EM field component that die away exponentially within a wavelength of their source, interact with conducting electrons in the materials we are discusing.
If I'm wrong please correct me. If you want more information look up the following researchers:
Sheldon Schultz (UofCal, San Diego)
David Smith (UofCal, San Diego)
John Pendry (Imperial College, UK)
Victor Veselago (Russian Acadaemy of Science)
Hey what about hanging a bug off the hydro tower?
We are we are we are we are we are the engineers
we can we can we can we can demolish forty beers
drink rum drink rum drink rum drink rum and come along with us, cause we don't give a damn for any damn man who don't give a damn for us...
ERTW!!!
This is not an issue for laptops, PDA's, or the physical size of the computer under you desk. What this does affect is VLSI (ULSI?) IC's. Reduced tranistor size means lower operating voltages. Which means you can scale down supply voltage, which reduces electric field strength and power dissapation in the tranisistors. This leads to boosted device density and switching speed. In short this allows VLSI designers to create faster, more complex and powerfull IC's and/or ones that require less power(this could affect your laptops and PDA's). As for powerfull and complex look at the IBM Power4 processor it contains 170 million transistors, SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association) predicted in 1999 that by 2002 microprocessors would contain 76 million transistors !!! This is all because of the incredible shrinking transistor.
It's really nice that you think its time for a major computing breakthrough. Personally, I think its about time for a major transportation breakthough, something that really catapults transportation into a new era, not unlike the invention of the wheel itself;)
Slashdot Mirror
...but I would rather have an infectious disease than use .NET;)
The CSS scripting language is a intergral part of the PDP++ Neural Network software. I currently use PDP++ for research any find that CSS is a very convenient way to setup and run simulations. This is opposed to other large ANN packages such as the Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator (SNNS) which uses its own scripting language that is a mix (or rather mess) of awk, Pascal, Modula2, and C. So I don't have to learn a new language to use my software. Also, PDP++ is a completely object oriented and you can manipulate the objects in the system very effectively with CSS. However, I wouldn't (and don't) use CSS for everyday scripting tasks. If you want to embed a fairly robust scripting language with familiar syntax into your systems then CSS is the ticket, otherwise stick with Ruby or Perl.
-- DieZeugen
This is a perfectly good reason. Ruby was created in Japan, most of the Ruby documentation, up until about a year ago, was all in Japanese.In fact, until the end of January the default Ruby homepage www.ruby-lang.org was in Japanese.
Ruby is an interpreted 'scripting' language for quit and easy object-oriented programming; it combines the pure object-orientation of Smalltalk with the power and convenience of Perl, and a simple, clean syntax inspired by Eiffel.
I would strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in Ruby. Its layout is clear and concise and it is well written. A great introduction to a fascinating language. In fact, I picked this book up about four months ago and haven't used Perl since:]
If you want a comprehensive online resource to all things Ruby, or are just curious, check out www.ruby-lang.org
Someone has forgotten their organic chemistry. The majority of 'gasoline' is the chemical C8H18, otheriwise known as Octane. Octane 'measure' of gas has nothing to do with combustability, it is the relative amount of C8H18 in the fuel. ie. an Octane rating of 92 means 92% of the gas is C8H18. The other whatever% is things like hexane, pentane, ethanol, etc etc. And you want a higher Octain rating, more octane = more expensive, just check out the premium gas next time you fill up.
kha0S and Dr. Zowie have provided the most correct explantion so far.
a )
NatePWIII is incorrect for what is being discussed here, these materials are not less dense than air.
Materials that we are talking about are left-handed and semi(?)-left-handed. True left-handed mediums have both a negative permittivity and permeability. There are other materials that are not truely left-handed, some ordinary metals such as copper and silver have negative permittivity (still +'ve permeability) at optical frequencies.
As kha0S said these mediums behave exactely opposite that of right-handed mediums (in the sense of vectors E,H,and B). But Snell's Law isn't reversed, it becomes complex and hence describes change in the phase of incident waves.
Snell's law :
sqrt(epsilon1)sin(theta)=sqrt(epsilon2)sin(thet
So if permittivity (epsilon)is -'ve the sqrt()'s make the relation complex, ie. a+jb. This implies that the materials affect the phase of an incident wave. This agrees with what Dr. Zowie said, as phase velocity is defined as:
v = sqrt(permittivity * permeability)^-1
I'm not sure what happen with a true left-handed material (reversed vector characteristics but no phase change?), but with semi-left-handed material you can see that the phase velocity becomes complex also.
I hope this clarifies what kha0S said somewhat or makes any sense at all. There are still many other thing going on in these materials. A more complete explanation lies in how evanescent waves, EM field component that die away exponentially within a wavelength of their source, interact with conducting electrons in the materials we are discusing.
If I'm wrong please correct me. If you want more information look up the following researchers:
Sheldon Schultz (UofCal, San Diego)
David Smith (UofCal, San Diego)
John Pendry (Imperial College, UK)
Victor Veselago (Russian Acadaemy of Science)
Hey what about hanging a bug off the hydro tower? We are we are we are we are we are the engineers we can we can we can we can demolish forty beers drink rum drink rum drink rum drink rum and come along with us, cause we don't give a damn for any damn man who don't give a damn for us... ERTW!!!
This is not an issue for laptops, PDA's, or the physical size of the computer under you desk. What this does affect is VLSI (ULSI?) IC's. Reduced tranistor size means lower operating voltages. Which means you can scale down supply voltage, which reduces electric field strength and power dissapation in the tranisistors. This leads to boosted device density and switching speed. In short this allows VLSI designers to create faster, more complex and powerfull IC's and/or ones that require less power(this could affect your laptops and PDA's). As for powerfull and complex look at the IBM Power4 processor it contains 170 million transistors, SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association) predicted in 1999 that by 2002 microprocessors would contain 76 million transistors !!! This is all because of the incredible shrinking transistor.
;)
It's really nice that you think its time for a major computing breakthrough. Personally, I think its about time for a major transportation breakthough, something that really catapults transportation into a new era, not unlike the invention of the wheel itself