"A reference shall be initialized to refer to a valid object or function. [Note: in particular, a null reference cannot exist in a well-defined program, because the only way to create such a reference would be to bind it to the ``object'' obtained by dereferencing a null pointer, which causes undefined behavior."
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ISO C++ standard - section 8.3.2 paragraph 4
"A reference shall be initialized to refer to a valid object or function.
[Note: in particular, a null reference cannot exist in a well-defined
program, because the only way to create such a reference would be to bind it
to the ``object'' obtained by dereferencing a null pointer, which causes
undefined behavior."