Actually, no, the Constitution doesn't specify 51%.
Relevant paragraph in Article II:
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
So it looks like treaties take 2/3 of the Senators that show up that day (assuming there is a quorum), but no fraction is specified for the rest. As the Senate is pretty much left to work out its rules by itself, and those rules provide for unlimited debate (what is currently stopping the vote), there's not really anything unconstitutional. Also, the closing of unlimited debate (for this stuff) only takes 3/5 of the entire Senate.
These molecules should only require one electron to populate a conducting molecular orbital energy level. Also, the long dimension of V2 cluster and the shorter version of the Co(terpy)2(RS)2 molecule is around a nanometer, about the width of a nanotube. Though, for practical devices at room temperature, the nanotube route seems much more feasible.
Our group made the (Me3tacn)2V2C4N4 cluster and is more interested in the magnetic and redox info extracted from this device. One of our main goals is to build bigger clusters with many metal atoms with strong ferromagnetic coupling. These are chemically bonded through some ligand that allows the electron spins on each metal atom to communicate. If you can get enough spins on a molecule with enough magnetic anisotropy, you can create a double well potential that separates the all spin-up state from the all down with a barrier higher than room temp. These clusters could be fixed on a surface to create an extremely high density magnetic recording medium, with molecule-sized domains.
Nate Crawford Long Group Dept. of Chemistry UC Berkeley
Actually, these guys work by using the voltage on the gate electrode to tweek the molecular orbital energy levels. This brings a partially filled orbital down in energy close enough to those in the gold tips to provide a path for electron flow. What's cool about the V2 cluster is that, depending on the gate voltage, it will undergo redox chemistry that switches on antiferromagnetic coupling between the vanadium atoms, producing what I'm told are Kondo effects. Also MO energy levels in this guy move around with changing magnetic field.
Nate Crawford Long Group Dept. of Chemistry UC Berkeley
What's weird is my boss kept telling me to make the vanadium atoms appear bigger (for the Nature cover) as the trimethyltriazacyclononane ligands were covering them up.
Nate Crawford
Long Group
Dept. of Chemistry
UC Berkeley
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Actually, no, the Constitution doesn't specify 51%.
Relevant paragraph in Article II:
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
So it looks like treaties take 2/3 of the Senators that show up that day (assuming there is a quorum), but no fraction is specified for the rest. As the Senate is pretty much left to work out its rules by itself, and those rules provide for unlimited debate (what is currently stopping the vote), there's not really anything unconstitutional. Also, the closing of unlimited debate (for this stuff) only takes 3/5 of the entire Senate.
These molecules should only require one electron to populate a conducting molecular orbital energy level. Also, the long dimension of V2 cluster and the shorter version of the Co(terpy)2(RS)2 molecule is around a nanometer, about the width of a nanotube. Though, for practical devices at room temperature, the nanotube route seems much more feasible.
Our group made the (Me3tacn)2V2C4N4 cluster and is more interested in the magnetic and redox info extracted from this device. One of our main goals is to build bigger clusters with many metal atoms with strong ferromagnetic coupling. These are chemically bonded through some ligand that allows the electron spins on each metal atom to communicate. If you can get enough spins on a molecule with enough magnetic anisotropy, you can create a double well potential that separates the all spin-up state from the all down with a barrier higher than room temp. These clusters could be fixed on a surface to create an extremely high density magnetic recording medium, with molecule-sized domains.
Nate Crawford
Long Group
Dept. of Chemistry
UC Berkeley
Actually, these guys work by using the voltage on the gate electrode to tweek the molecular orbital energy levels. This brings a partially filled orbital down in energy close enough to those in the gold tips to provide a path for electron flow. What's cool about the V2 cluster is that, depending on the gate voltage, it will undergo redox chemistry that switches on antiferromagnetic coupling between the vanadium atoms, producing what I'm told are Kondo effects. Also MO energy levels in this guy move around with changing magnetic field.
Nate Crawford
Long Group
Dept. of Chemistry
UC Berkeley
What's weird is my boss kept telling me to make the vanadium atoms appear bigger (for the Nature cover) as the trimethyltriazacyclononane ligands were covering them up. Nate Crawford Long Group Dept. of Chemistry UC Berkeley
Well, actually the cobalt was wedged into a couple terpy's so the length scale is more like a nm.