Actually the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... wikipedia page says, even though highest binding energy of all known nuclides per nucleon, Ni 62 per se is very rare, even amongst nickel, because of the difficulty of producing it by neutron capture. Fe 56 has the lowest mass per nucleon, and this whole thing is not a contradiction (lowest mass meaning lowest total energy, or highest binding energy) because when counting nucleons we confuse/confound neutrons with protons. Ni 62 contains a higher ratio of neutrons to protons than Fe 56, and as neutrons weigh more than protons, Ni 62 is higher mass per nucleon. According to the article, "the mass per nucleon of Fe 56 is 930.412 MeV/c2, Ni 62 is 930.417 MeV/c2, but if one looks only at the nuclei proper, without including the electron cloud, 56Fe has again the lowest mass per nucleon (930.175 MeV/c2), followed by 60Ni (930.181 MeV/c2) and 62Ni (930.187 MeV/c2)." The binding energy wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... says that, because neutrons are higher energy than protons, it may be possible to convert Ni 62 back to Fe 56, but only under conditions where entropy considerations require that not the lowest energy states be the most occupied ones. Also the wikipedia neutron page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... says the decay energy of a free, unbound neutron is 0.782343 MeV but "When bound inside of a nucleus, the energetic instability of a single neutron to beta decay is balanced against the instability that would be acquired by the nucleus as a whole if an additional proton were to appear by beta decay, and thus participate in repulsive interactions with the other protons that are already present in the nucleus. As such, although free neutrons are unstable, bound neutrons in a nucleus are not necessarily so. The same reasoning explains why protons, which are stable in empty space, may transform into neutrons when bound inside of a nucleus."
So what is the most stable "death" of matter, Fe 56 or Ni 62? Which one has the lowest mass per "stuff", and counting nucleons is not a proper way of accounting stuff, it's like asking what has the lowest energy per energy invested, at, say the 3 Kelvin background temperature of the Universe, where entropy dictates the lowest states to be predominantly occupied (including a stable electron cloud), unlike in the core of a super hot supernova? Can anyone answer?
By the way nickel 62 is the ultimate symbol of death, the atom with the most binding energy per nucleon, and not Iron. I had a job where I extracted cobalt from nickel, and I was thinking this is how the world is gonna end, extracting high energy stuff from the low energy nickel 62 waste. Iron 56 is often cited instead of nickel 62, and it's close in binding energy, but not top, and more abundant because of units of 4, alpha radiation of helium atoms predominate as a unit in building up heavier elements, and 14x4=56, while 15.5x4=62. But nickel might be more abundant in the core of the Earth or in satellites than in the litosphere, probably because it's more noble or less reactive, it also only goes to divalent not trivalent as iron, so it turns to the metallic form easier and sinks deep easier.
Sometimes life is good when you are a good slave. Like good food on the table every day, stuff to keep busy with every day - like a job, security and safety of good military protection so that no Dzhenghis Khan Mongols (commaded by Subutai on the western front, conquering the biggest empire yet in world history) run through your village and burn everything to the ground and kill everybody that moves, and pretty much empty the country out to the point of having to import people to fill it up when they had left. And by everybody I mean every man, not the women, or even children, because even the Mongols had that much human decency to carry off your gold, your grain, your horses, cattle, sheep, and your women, and children, all of them considered "chattle." If nothing else the women and children were sold for good money at the Kaffa slave trading markets in Crimea, and a lot of them end up in Venice or Genoa. That was in a day when women were objectified and considered property. Even today there is a Mad Tv Gangster Shop Quartet video on youtube where they sing: "you better have my money cuz you know I own that honey and her booty is on loan, and her booty I do own." Sometimes being owned, being property, such a thing keeps you alive. But in the USA we sing: "Oh say does that star spangled banner yet wave over the land of the free and the home of the brave." And it's kind of silly that, unlike in the rest of the world, official slavery was so prevalent while people sang that stuff. That's what you call hipocrisy. But sometimes the line between being a de facto slave or official slave is very blurred. How about a free and brave slave? Running your mouth on slashdot. Or running your mouth like Socrates and Diogenes in ancient Greece, pissing everyone off. Diogenes was captured by pirates and sold to Xeniades, when he told he only wanted to be sold only to someone who needs a master (he ended up being a tutor to his kids.) As in when you hire a doctor, you follow his instructions, you employ him to be your master, and if you don't pay him for it, then it's like slavery, where the slave is the master. And stuff like that.
My health insurance is not 800/mo. My housing cost is not 700/mo, and still my biggest line item, even though Da Man is pissed why I don't move into something more expensive, and I'm like are you out of your mind, this is way too friggin much already. That's the major issue with the US today, housing cost is out of control, out of balance of what's sane. 100 years or so ago, a company started somewhere, a mini-town was sprung up around it, by the company having the houses built, and people could pay it up on 1 salary with a stay at home mom in like 3-5 years, on the salary the company paid them. The land around the company was empty, cheap, so why not, why not make it attractive to your workforce. Nowadays we got 40 year interest only mortgages. Insane. And I don't drive anything under 30 mpg if I can help it. I never had an unaerodynamic pickup truck, like it seems to be best seller these days. My numbers are made up when it comes to what I pay, but I have a very close relative who pays 800/mo for a 1 bedroom apt. Insane. And in NYC for a mouse hole you have to pay 1500/mo and get a roommate at that price. Insane. In my mind, in today's global economy and price competition, a 50 bux per month housing cost is reasonable, even that's too much. Hearing that all the bloodsuckers feeding off the housing market are gonna get frantic - banks doing mortgages that are sanctified into tax-law (as in if you already paid interest to Da Man via a mortgage, you get a 20-30% or whatever your taxbracket is discount on your taxes for it), real estate agents, construction companies, etc, A house is valued at 699,999 with a land value of 39,999. Really? How about land value is infinite, and that piece of shit contraption on it is worth 30K instead of 600K? How are construction companies and real estate brokers and banks and everybody gonna extract profit out of it, if you can't tag the temporary part, the just created out of nothing wooden house with a huge price tag, so everyone can profit on the "creation?" You could have a fixed but humongous price for land, without much fluctuation in the real estate market, unlike with the temporary house on top of it, that can rot to nothing and devalue, its prices is very open and unstable and fluctuate. But some people make an entire career living off of fluctuations in price.
The real issue with Rayleigh self scattering of light is that it does not explain red shift. The energy has to go somewhere, something has to take it, unless a photon turns into a particle/antiparticle, it Rayleigh-scatters the photon coming behind it to a red-shifted frequency (scattering is a filtering, not a frequency-shifting like Doppler) then the particle/antiparticle emit in a laser-way another photon, then go back to their original state of a photon. In this way red shift would mean increasing the intensity of light while decreasing the frequency, instead of 2 photons that are, say, blue, you'd end up with 3 photons that are red, all with very close frequencies. I don't think the math could do that. By the way I never really got why in laser, a light of the same frequency triggers the spontaneous emission of inverted populations, in a pulse. Why? Why can't it be a light of higher or lower frequency that triggers the collapse? And if it's a triggered collapse, then how do continuous lasers, like the laser pointer on my keychain, work? Many triggered pulses in sequence? Or the semiconductor is just efficient in putting a lot of electrons into the high state? Why is one LED just an LED, of a definite nm wavelength light, another one a laser LED, with a similar nm wavelength, what makes one a laser but not the other? See, there is lots of stuff I don't know.
As far as the Dirac equation and the like goes, I know it modified the Schroedinger equation with special relativity, and because of the squared term, you had two solutions, plus and minus, and that's how the positron was discovered, and matter/antimatter in general. But still, it does not have any more info on wavefunction particle-like behavior, called collapse, more than the Schroedinger equation does.
See light used to be thought of as electromagnetic waves, until Einstein explained the photoelectric effect via particles, that only particles can be counted as 1, 2, 3. I feel the particle description lacks richness, compared to a wave description, that spreads over the entire galaxy then collapses at a single point of interaction. It's like describing something as both scalar and vector, and the vector description is the "correct" one, because it has more features, and scalars are just a particular sub-case of vectors. When we model the world around us, we can come up with better and better models, but even as Einstein said it, some new theory may come and replace the existing ones, only relegating them to relevance through correspondence principle ways, such as Newtonian mechanincs, at low speed, corresponds to special relativity at low speed, and special relativity is just an extension of the rules for those special cases. All Plack derived is that energy is emitted and arrives in packets, not whether it's particles or waves, and as far as we know it, wave-packet is what he got. A wave packet can have a polarization attribute, just like a photon-wave-packet, but how do you assign polarization to the other de-Broglie wave things? De Broglie does not specify whether the waves are transverse or longitudinal, and for photons we know they are transverse, but what about the rest? The clearest evidence of waves being better descriptors with richer sets of features, better models, is the electron diffraction double slit experiment. The single electron whose wave function collapses at a single point on the screen, went through both holes, it knows about both holes on an individual basis, it self diffracts. You cannot explain such behavior with any kind of limited to a point in space particle feature, but a spread out all over the friggin universe wave that goes through both holes at the same time, then collapses the whole wave from the whole universe at a single point, seems like a fitting an suitable description. They shouldn't talk about particle science and particle physics, all you got it wavelet, wave-chunk, wave-quanta physics. It explains the photoelectric effect, polarization behavior of photons, it explains lots of things. Ultimately no model is per
Until they reform the patent system, like they keep reforming the copyright system. Original copyright in the US was 14 years, renewable to 28. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C... The copyright laws were so much nicer before 1790, you know why? Because they were nonexistent!
Dam, I was half asleep writing that. Anyway, a drug company executive is not a bad idea to head the patent office, if you decide to have a patent office at all. In a post apocalyptic world patent policing and enforcement will be impossible anyway. Wait until we overgrow our limits and collapse, like Angkor Wat or the Aztec civilizations did. It happens to the best of the best too. I just saw the gas price dip back to 3.50's from near 4.00. Yeah, they are worried about bicyclization and motorized bicyclization. Which I'll have to do pretty soon to pinch pennies. Once I get an 120 mpg 66 cc gas motor on my bicycle, and make a commute that currently takes me 45 minutes at 60 mph in less than 2 hrs at 30 mph on a bicycle with a backpack, I'll have a method of transportation that can get me almost anywhere without needing car insurance, or even a driver's license. If really needed might have to limit speed to 20 mph, just to please the authorities who nitpick about 20 vs 30 mph, but they better limit this speed requirement to something like 5 mph, because it's coming. Especially when gas prices are over 5-8/gal. Check out this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?... How about this one, https://www.youtube.com/watch?... by the way electric bikes don't stink like lawn mowers, but they don't have the range of gas bicycles either, i.e. you can't commute to 50 miles with them. Bicycles make sense from the car repair standpoint too, it's like you can get a 500 dollar brand new super gas bicycle on the cost of a muffler job + brake job at the car repair shop. And that's when the repair guy can figure out what the heck the car chips are doing. The only problems with bicycles are rain and snow, but for rain I had a completely rainproof gear back in 07, and I never really got the chance to ride in snow much. So yeah, better keep the price of that gas under 4/gal, there is a whole lot at stake, including demand for gas, and sooo much of the economy goes into making cars, supplying cars, insuring cars, repairing cars, it's a major wallet sucker, that might simply go away past a tipping point. Life adapts.
By the way the Inca's are the most fervent Catholics in the whole world these days. During Easter they reenact the crucifixion of Christ, by some people actually getting nailed to a cross and bleeding, and they get carried around like that on a procession. That bloody gore fits in line well with their ancient traditions of human sacrifices. Both the Inca's and Aztecs practiced human sacrifices up to the time of the arrival of conquistadors, and while the Aztecs as an empire disappeared from an economic collapse from overgrowing past their resource limits (just like Angkor Wat collapsed near VietNam), the people remained, scattered about in the jungle, living subsistence lives, without much complex science and technology or art or religion. The Inca's on the other hand were just done conquering the neighborhood, they were at the apex of their powers when they had the bad luck of the conquistadors arriving, bringing the "brotherly love" of Jesus on the cross to them, in the form of a sword. That's what you call hypocrisy, btw.
Patents work like this: You have an idea? Don't publish it freely in the wide open for everyone to hear, instead come and apply for a patent at the patent office. Then they can show you their Bill-Marie, the patent attorney's hillbilly cousin with one eye and one tooth, from West VIrginia, came up with the exact same ideas as you 2 hours before you did, or you applied for a patent, and he beat you to do deadline by two hours, saying the exact things as you say. Which is why it's important to leave crucial details out of your patent, because if someone can understand it with eas , they kind of deserve to benefit.
And while we're at patents, a drug company executive has a lot more reasons to patent protect a drug invention, and he may not give a flying duck about math patents, untangible "innovations" with no real effect in the world..
I never really played doom back in the day, my cousin went to the last level, so two years ago I get freedoom, and finish that, (it takes a good few weeks of afterwork time and weekends,) in windows (the freedos I had had a rudimentary version of freedoom, and no sound on a dell C840 laptop, but the win32 version had sound and all that. I left 4 snakes alive through all the levels, 2 with their backs in early levels who never shoot unless you walk near them, and you have an alternate route around them, and 2 blind ones, each in a different level, that you could get really close and look at, in late levels, and they scratch you if you get too close, but they don't shoot to a distance, like they went blind. Even amidst blood and gore and hate and enemies there is time to stop and admire beauty of life, even if enemy life, & protect noncombatants as either civilians or POW's, You leave 4 of them alive. That's like Alexander marrying an enemy woman, which is like that Mad TV episode of OJ Simpson on a date, "dangerous fun," same with Atilla, marrying an enemy woman. As in I've accomplished my life's goals and I don't mind dying. Or even if I have the capacity to stay alive, I'm not gonna do everything and everything to survive, and sometimes let other people decide it for me. If you finish doom without leaving any snakes alive, you end up all alone in the end. With 2 blind ones, the world is not so empty. I don't know about the ones with their backs turned, but otherwise fully able, if you ever meet them they prolly just kill you. Hmm. Hopefully they've had time to meditate over why they weren't killed, and might become friends with you. Kinda like Robert Redford in Jeremiah Johnson, in the end, after all the blood and gore, the native american waves to him from a distance. Blood and gore because someone walked through a sacred burial ground. Among other things. A native american has a lot of excuses to be angry at a white guy like Robert Redford. So, anyway, they say one of Solomon's faults was not exterminating his enemies fully, but, like letting the king go, or stuff like that. As in like that's a fault. As if that's agains't bible principles. True, stuff like that can later bite you in the ass bad. Not always though. There is a story about Thracians capturing an enemy king, and making him eat with his golden spoon when everyone else at the table ate with wooden spoons. To make a short story short, he ended up marrying his daughter to his enemies that didn't kill him, instead, told him, let's be friends. How nice and naive that is. Stuff like that is very much up in the air. Like, there is a nature video, I don't think I could find it, where a lion pride goes under when the males are exhausted from a fight with an invading pride, and an outsider lioness that joined the pride takes the 2 pups of the pride on a walk, and they turn up dead, and there goes the future, the hope of the pride, because they were not xenophobe enough. The story ends with the enemy pride moving in taking over the territory. Leaving noncombatant blind snakes alive in freedoom? Leaving combat able but with their backs turned snakes alive? How about leaving any POW alive in any war? Shouldn't you just kill any POW and exterminate the enemy, else they may bite you in the ass later? Like Richard the Lionheart executing the whole civilian population of Tyre. Making sure he don't get bitten in the ass later. Unlike Alexander or Attila, who are out of their freaking minds marrying and trusting enemy women. Well, it's like survival is important, but it's still an arbitrary rule. The Thracians could have killed the enemy king. Instead they lucked out by making a friend and a marriage of the princess into the tribe. But somehow it's not too hard to understand the natural tendency of racism and xenophobia that surrounds you every day. There is some good justifications behind it. Just don't trust your kids to an enemy babysitter, after all, your kids are your everything. Jesus said love your enemies. And that's what the Brits did at Trafalgar pulling any S
By the way the job itself is very safe, the only issue is hotheaded emotionalism. I am forced to work in teams, and I have never been good at working with people, and constantly putting up with their little issues and sensitivities, constantly walking on eggshells, and no matter what you do, you can't please people that don't wanna be pleased. I'm always happiest working alone.
And by the way the only reason I buy health insurance at the temp agency, as I just realized the other day that I did sign up when filling out the application, so the only reason I haven't cancelled it, is because I work with maffiozos. Italian maffiozos back in the 1920s before the creation of the FBI to manage corrupt cops, they used to make their money by selling business insurance. As in walk into a bar or restaurant, and make an offer: 50% of your profits to me for a business protection insurance. Owner says he's not interested. Next day a bomb goes off in the restaurant, and he's told, see, you should have bought the business insurance, it would have protected you. I will eventually drop the health insurance, but I don't feel safe enough yet working with maffiozos ready to send me to the hospital and into bankruptcy - the risks of getting bombed are too high to where they forcibly make it worth it to buy health insurance, especially when they keep the present premiums very low for me, but I can see where it's headed, from the premiums my aunt had to pay.
I pass way to many typos these days. Like piece/peace. Sometimes it feels like as I type below, somebody keeps changing the stuff I typed above. You can not trust these newer browsers with xmlhttprequest and html 4 dom not changing stuff on the fly for you, without a page reload, as you type.
By the way, if light, as it travels, creates these Heisenberg uncertainty fluctuation particle/antiparticle pairs, why don't these particle/antiparticle pairs Rayleigh self-scatter light, as in one photon goes through this slowdown, and scatters the 2nd photon (or more exactly wave packet, wave quantum) coming right behind it? That could be part of the explanation of redshift of distant galaxies, as opposed to them running faster the farther away they are, creating this Big Bang picture, they might be sitting still and light simply traveling long long long distances self-scatters in a Rayleigh way and somehow coming out of the scattering it actually shifts the atomic emission band frequency down as opposed to just filter it? Can you pull off or eke out such an explanation? I really don't like the theory where very distant galaxies are running away faster than the speed of light from us, in our reference frame, and it's OK as long as our 3D Universe is a volume on a 4D sphere, stretching very fast, and locally, everywhere you still have limited speed of light.
And how do you describe particle antiparticle pairs as wave-antiwave packets? There may really not be such a thing as a particle, and everything is just a certain vibration of "ether", with specific rules of what kinds of vibrations are allowed, and how the vibrations suddenly collapse, and there is no such thing as a "transformation" of a photon into a million kind of particle/antiparticle pairs, but more like a vibration encountering an already present fluctuation, and interacting with it. Vacuum might have a structure that allows certain types of wave packets with definite rules and axioms that interact through collapses of the wave that spread over an entire galaxy, at a single nanosized point on a screen, and string theory might be beating around the bush, but it requires 26 or so dimensions rolled up, and Occam's razor is very eager to cut crap with 26 dimensions.
Btw we can thank a lot of Occam's razor http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/.... Through it we killed phlogiston, caloric, vis viva and ether as useless concepts. Phlogiston got killed by Lavoisier, Mr. Oxygen and his wife in 1778 (Jean Michel Jarre has an album titled Oxygen), "vis viva" got killed by Wohler in 1828 by making "organic" urea out of "inorganic" ammonium cyanate, organic materials previously thought to have require life-force, or vis viva to be created. Caloric (which, btw, was introduced by Lavoisier himself, such is science, you win some, you lose some, oh well) was killed by Joule in 1843, showing that heat is not a conserved fluid, but can be generated. And Einstein and his wife killed the concept of "ether" in 1905 based on the Michelson-Morley experiment trying to measure the speed of Earth through ether with unprecedented accuracy with a superb interferometer suspended on a pool of mercury in 1879 at Western Reserve University.
When you had man/woman duos doing the work, as in Einstein or Lavoisier, it's probably impossible to separate the individual contributions of the two, and assign credit as credit is due, 35% going to one person, 65% to the other. By the way Lavoisier's head rolled during the French Revolution, because he made a living through the tax office, concocting even better ways to extort even more money out of the people. And during the guillotine sessions, when a whole lot of nobility family trees were instantly trimmed, before chopped some heads were told to keep blinking as long as possible after they are chopped, and they could do it for about 35 seconds before giving out. So even getting your head chopped is not instant death, and hanging is probably not so either, there is mental awareness, anguish and agony for at least 35 seconds. Lethal injection, preparing the inmate, tying him down, that creates a lot of stress right there, and probably the most humane way of execution is not telling a death row inmate when he's gonna go, gassing him in his cell/chamber with anesthetics, then wi
Now I woke up, if I don't think hard I'm not that sleepy - so apropo blue sky, I had this thought right before falling asleep that don't we have evidence that the farther a star or galaxy is, the more red shifted they are? As in the more Rayleigh scattering the farther away they are, and we may not really see the blue sky as blue, but we can tell from a red shifted star that it lost a lot of blue ? But I know redshift is due to Doppler effect, and all the known spectral lines move, in unison, according to the Doppler formula, as opposed to just simply being selectively filtered out in a wavelength dependent way due to Rayleigh scattering, according to the Rayleigh formula, so no, the redshift is not due to extra stuff, but speed.
10 to 1000 atoms per cubic meter is really deep vacuum and it means we could get interstellar travel by going really fast, continuously accelerating with a cyclotron drive to close to speed of light, say 80%, then turn to decelerating halfway there.
Your arguments are sound. A lot of stuff out there would mean a blue sky everywhere, as gases do Rayleigh scattering of light. And once you go past our atmosphere, the rest of the Universe is black, not blue, the blue sky disappears, therefore there is deep vacuum everywhere, or at least small particle free space, and then you have to invent something else that is particle free but present in vacuum and retards photons compared to neutrinos, such as gravity, or dark energy, or whatnot.
Photons interact a lot with "subspace" vacuum and get delayed, but neutrinos do not, or not to the same extent. If you're absolutely certain that neutrinos can oscillate, and there are different kinds that can turn into each other, then having two pulses does not make sense if they were both from the same event, as any different neutrinos should have oscillated into each other and be indistinguishable. One question, when we talk of photons, it's hard to talk about polarization, but we know light is a transverse wave and polarized. Obviously neutrinos have an associated wave-particle duality to them, just like everything else, and do we know what kind of waves they are? Longitudinal, or transverse? If they are transverse waves, then there could be neutrino polarization, and just like with light birefringence in a calcite crystal, where an incoming uniformly random polarized wave splits into a fast and a slow beam, based on polarization, so if the space between us and the supernova is anisotropic in any sense, such as gravity pointing in certain direction throughout, and neutrinos be polarized transverse waves, then there could be a fast and a slow wave with them, but not so with the light wave, unless they had polarized light receptors and have info on the polarization makeup of the light received vs. time (and this would be low intensity for a while, then intensity doubling when the slow beam arrives too and adds to the fast one, as light emission was continuous with a slow decay, but the neutrino came in pulses.) So if gravity affects the speed of light, and affects it in a birefringent way, it may also affect the speed of neutrinos, if they are transverse polarized, in a birefringent way too, and then none of the signals really arrived at the speed of light, but slower, as in a calcite crystal even the fast wave still has a reduced speed from true speed of light.
By the way I still don't comprehend the concept of how a uniformly polarized beam decides to split into two in a calcite crystal, instead of a spread spectrum, like how does a wave just below 44.9 degrees decide to go with one beam, then one at 45.1 degrees with the other beam, or is that the cutoff point, the math must be really complicated, but a lot of XIX century mathematicians well versed in such things would probably have no problem explaining why.
Also, looking at the double slit experiments, an electron is a wave that passes through both holes, then it decides to collapse at some point on the screen, how does a wave decide to become a particle, or even if not a particle, an interaction, in effect we have no particles, just waves, and they interact at given points, sometimes within very strict limits on location, such as a particle trace in a cloud chamber, sometimes in very random locations, such as where an electron collapses on a screen after having passed through a double slit. Many double slits in series of course would confine the electron to a linear path too, just like a cloud chamber cloud does, if the electron found a way to not interact with the walls in series, a sort of filtering effect. One that interacts with the wall off angle through diffraction then changes its mind and returns to being an electron on the original straight path, would be like the particle going through the
The best solution to any problems the world faces is not rules, regulations, but technology. You have to make the price of running nuclear (or even renewable) origin liquid ammonia fuel cell powered vehicles that emit no organic carbon scents low enough to compete. By the way, I never got a chance to respond to another slashdot posting, citing sodium metal, and sodamide as an economic way to crack ammonia back to its elements, citing ruthenium, the most efficient catalyst, is too costly. Well, hello, as far as I know the Haber-Bosch process uses reduced iron oxide catalyst, and one of the prime rules of catalysis, is that a catalyst does not change the equilibrium constants, it only lowers the activation energy, the temperature required for a process to happen, and whatever catalyst is best at driving a reaction forward, is usually also the best in driving it backward, so why you need to mess with sodium metal or ruthenium when you can just use simple Haber-Bosch catalyst? If a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is what you're after, but that mixture may not be a well combusting one, as the extra nitrogen might dilute the combusting air mix to below the explosive limit. I'm too lazy to look it up now, let's just say ammonia is not combustible, and even if cracked ammonia is combustible, the situation is similar to adding 10% ethanol to gasoline giving you less miles than if you just bought 90% straight 100% gasoline, and ran with that, being a Carnot-cycle high temperature achieved efficiency issue. In fact running pure oxygen from a cylinder plus straight gas gets you much better mileage than running air plus gasoline, and similarly, running pure oxygen and pure hydrogen into a car engine is much more efficient, than running air and hydrogen, let alone running air and cracked ammonia hydrogen+nitrogen. The energy in ammonia is there, you just have to know how to get to it, and combusting it is not the answer, but fuel cells can get the 60% efficiency per gram of hydrogen supplied, almost irrespective if diluted or not with hydrogen, while an internal combustion engine has to heat the inert nitrogen too. (Stirling cycle engine-like copper-gauze recouperators can be used to recover nitrogen waste heat from a fuel cell, but recouperators don't really have a place inside an internal combustion piston, the deadweight of extra nitrogen there directly driving down the high temperature achieved during explosion number of the Carnot cycle efficiency formula, devastating the efficiency numbers.) Of course the best solution is a hybrid, one that has a lithium ion battery that'll take you 5-10 minutes on a commute, and if you run out of that, then the ammonia fuel cell kicks in, but you can probably not make a fully electric car economical and have a long driving range of hours and hours too. Unfortunately for a fuel cell iron catalyst probably does not work well, as it has to be something that allows the hydrogen through the metal, and ionization of it at the interface, such as a platinum or palladium coating on a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P... proton conductor such as a Nafion membrane. However, microholes in an iron membrane similar to those developed for micron filtration via electron beams, or a nanothin film of iron oxide reduced to iron, or mixture of nickel-iron, such coatings might work well enough instead of platinum. Carbon black and charcoal are typical replacement in catalysis where platinum is unavailable, so simply carburizing the nafion membrane surface with a flame or some similar plastic that chars better than nafion might work, also adding iron or nickel or cobalt or whatnot compounds to the surface can get you a platinumless low temperature fuel cell. You're also talking a nano-thin film of platinum, and the amount is so small, that, say 80 bux may cover a dozen square meters, and that's not too high a cost when you consider new car costs are never under 10 grand anymore. For a moped or 2-cycle engine gasoline bicycle you could probably not afford a liquid am
I don't think you're being gouged. Germany, striving for energy independence, has had a policy of paying some enormous amount, like 50 cents/kWh guaranteed by the government to anyone who's able to supply renewable energy to the grid (this means solar or wind,) which made it very easy to finance huge solar installations, because there was a price guarantee, and the breakeven point for solar panels is probably near 35 cents/kWh, while coal fired plants can get you 5 cents/kWh + distribution cost (i.e. power lines, transformers, meters, etc., which is at least another 7 cents/kWh.) This 50 cent or something around that range move was done to achieve energy independence, in anticipation of an energy crunch world where energy prices might hit $2-$5/kWh, such as global war, global black plague, etc. (The Prince Merchant DOS game has a feature that when the plague hits Venice, the prices skyrocket, so it's an excellent time to make money, but you have a chance of losing your trading crew and vessels to the plague.) Now Da Man, thought about it, and decided to send the German energy market into a free spiral downward, as the last thing the world needs is another energy independent united Germany wearing Prussian dick-spiked metal helmets, marching in formation with the Nazi salute and a rifle on the shoulder, in front of tanks, chanting Deutschland, Deutschland Uber Alles! It's kinda too late now, because people know the innards of renewable power, so everything installed has to be attacked and dismantled, and people made to forget how it's done, so you're talking at least 40 years of folk memory erasing effort, or 2050 before the effects of this energy independence 50 cents/kWh government push can be fully remedied and rectified. But 50 years is a long time, and the only way to maintain stability, is to build lots of nuke plants, but now you end up with a Germany with a bunch of nuke plants? That's not a safe idea either. I think the safest things would be nuke plants in North Africa, far enough away, through HVDC, because you can't put solar panels in North Africa and tell the Germans to take their own solar and windmills down. Switzerland for all the nuke plants supplying all of Germany and Italy? Or Russia, and play shut electricity off games like they do with natural gas these days? Switzerland does not have ports for fuel imports, but, as it's so energy dense, even flying the fuel from Canada or Australia or Congo would make sense. But it's too small a country surrounded by a lot of common folk countries like France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Netherlands. And it's hard to live up to neutrality principles in a war when you're the only one supplying everyone's lifeline to energy, you become the one and only strategic high ground target to capture and the war is automatically over and won by the one able to accomplish it. So how you gonna make it to 2050 while quietly dismantling the renewable German energy infrastructure and flooding the market with 3 cents/kWh nuclear electricity, because the big question is, from friggin where? Russia? From the remote safety of Siberia?
It's like this - if you're a relative of Da Man, you can install solar panels, if not, you cannot. The HOA rules are flexible, subject to interpretation based on kinship.
It's like this: $7.85/hr x 160 hr/month work = $1256 gross/mo. At 20% social security and medicare and income tax, 80% x 1256 = $1004.8. At $800/month health insurance, thats $204.8 left for all other expenses, and $700/mo rent, that's $-495.2/mo, then car gas for you 18-20 mpg manly Suburban or 12 mpg Hummer (because how else you gonna get the bitches, driving an 82 mpg 3 cylinder rusty old 95 Geo Metro?) so that's at least another 200-300/mo, so that' -$695/mo, (you're getting close to needing a full second salary) then you get your electric for $20/mo, gas is $25+(10 to 200(in winter)), then the water/sewer bill at 600/yr is 50/mo (most rent includes the water but then the landlord bitches), then food is like 100/mo, (which by the way used to be the top expense a millenium ago, in some form or other, military protection lordship taxes coming in second, religion third, and clothing fourth), clothes are like 10/mo (you don't have to buy clothes often for years, especially if you get work uniforms and you dont' wear them, shoes being the top wear item, and laundry is mostly included in the water/gas/electric bill). That's for yourself. Add a few people to it, health insurance goes up, housing, well, you need more room, gas about the same, food goes up proportional to headcount except kids eat a quarter to half, water goes up proportional (number of toilet flushes, showers and laundry loads), gas is the same, electric is the same, but now you got this friggin educational cost raping you in the ass in the form of college tuition quadrupling in the last decade, and there ain't no stoppin, you need extra cars once college age hits, etc. 5 people in a suburb on one 7.85/hr income, with $800/mo health insurance, and $700/mo housing cost, $200/mo commute gas + car payment of another 200/mo, and $10000/yr college tuition+ extra 3 cars saved up in 16 years? Yeah right, let's put the smart people to it to show how it's done. The only way it's done: forget about health insurance, and pay the 90/yr penalty, buy a junk house in a bad neighborhood and hope you don't get shot, (which risk is worse, getting shot in a bad neighborhood or getting sick? are they gonna make getting shot with a gun insurance mandatory too in violent neighborhoods now, cuz that's the only place you stand a snowballs chance in hell to make it with a family, everywhere else it's 101% certain doom extermination of not being able to support a family), pay 600/yr property tax (that's 50/mo housing cost), accept the assraping from the sewer system as you won't get no permit for a backyard outhouse or septic tank and rainwater collection/deep groundwater well system, because it's too crowded, so sewer is 600/yr, that's another 50/mo, ride a fucking bicycle to work for 40 minutes (when in a car you can do it in 10 minutes) to cut out gas and car insurance cost out, buy everything at Aldi's ((0.85 white bread, 1.50/dozen eggs, 1.19/tomato sauce, $4/10lb potato, and $15/20 lb rice at chiense supermarket, and $3.50 for a 2 gallon jar of pickles at Walmart. Distilled water to drink is 85 c/gallon, and 100 multivitamins (especially the D unless you work in the sun) is like $3.) In a pinch you can eat rice at 0.5 lb per person per day, which comes to 35 cents a day, and add 2 carrots, oil at another 20 cents, and a can of green beans for 50 cents, and spices for 5 cents, and swallow vitamin C pills. Green peppers cooked in make it a lot tastier, but I find they are too expensive, especially the hot pepper varieties(jalapeno, serrano, hungarian, or even dried chinese chili peppers, which are very cheap but don't have the taste. When low on protein, eat lots of eggs, bread, and tomato sauce. And butter, if you're allergic to soybean or other forms of oil, like mayo, but butter is expensive. Forget about milk, and cheese and mushrooms only for medicinal value, or if you're into wine, that works too. Cheese and very low alcohol wine helps you keep your teeth, that so many young people lose in their 20's lately, especially the druggies. Also shoveling horse manure can supply a
I used to pay like under 10 bux a month for gas when I used none, like 7 years ago, then they privatized and they got this minimum 25 bux a month fee, and usage comes on top of that. My only goal in life is to achieve a bill-less nirvana, live where no grass cutting is required, there is no water/sewer bill, no gas bill, no electric bill, phone bill is prepaid if you want to but you don't have to, car insurance is only required if you get caught, but then you figure out a way to commute without a fucking car, and property taxes are like 20 bux a year, because you qualify for CAUV(current agricultural use value) tax treatment. Then minimum wage is like extreme luxury, otherwise it's nowhere near enough to pay your bills, housing being the top one on the list for now, but give it 10-20 years, and it's gonna be the health insurance tax penalty for not buying one that's sucking the living life out of you and stops you from raising any kids because you can't afford to take care even of yourself, let alone extra people. Health insurance is gonna be the top killer, and even these days, my aunt's been buying health insurance even when it wasn't mandatory, from like the early 80's, and last year they jack up her price to like 800 bux a month, with a silver plan, and she had to go miles of runaround to get on the bronze plan for like 500 bux a month, she was told it's not possible, all she needs to do is pay the premium. Yeah? All you gotta do is pay the premium, and if you don't have a problem with 800 a month, we'll jack it to 4000 a month, and if you don't have a problem with that, then it's 80,000 a month, there is no limit to the greed on the part of doctors and insurance companies. And that's these days, wait til it's really mandatory to buy it, and Da Man will suck every last drop of blood out of your bank accounts through it. How can you live without bills? Is that even possible? What's this bullshit with all these mandatory expenses, and arbitrary expenses at that, arbitrary not in a free market way, but in a make believe, pretend we have a free market conspiracy of screwing everybody out of their every last dollar, letting them hover just barely on the negative side of zero, barely bankrupt, so they keep jumping like dogs for a piece of bacon that you hold higher and higher. This is how the world is supposed to work, everybody gets a hamster wheel, and without such constant semi-bankruptcy incentives everybody gets lazy. Yeah, well what that means is that honest people who care about making ends meet don't reproduce, and all the people who don't give a shit of being a dead weight on the system reproduce out of control, as they have no signal, no mark to watch of what limit to follow. Da Man is exterminating all the honest people, then wonders why the economy is fucked, and why Lehman Bros collapses from the dead weight of lies piled up high and deep. You cannot raise 3 kids and support a stay at home mom on minimum wage, and pay prevalent housing cost, and now online obmacare health insurance too on top of everything, and pay for college for all three, which is like a new high school diploma anymore. You need at least 3 kids, or 2.1 kids per average to maintain population levels, 2.0 is not enough. The only people who can afford to raise 3 kids, or for that matter, 7 kids, are people on welfare, or those, who are even if now they are temporarily on minimum wage, they've had special deals, or opportunities in life away from minimum wage to eke out a housing situation that's roomy enough and cheap enough, so now they can live on minimum wage, and show everyone how it's done. And everyone says: bullshit!
Like Saturn's rings haven't collapsed gravitationally, what's keeping that strange thing stable? Any good math? Yeah, from google I see Maxwell went at it, that's another yummi thing to read up on this weekend.
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Actually the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... wikipedia page says, even though highest binding energy of all known nuclides per nucleon, Ni 62 per se is very rare, even amongst nickel, because of the difficulty of producing it by neutron capture. Fe 56 has the lowest mass per nucleon, and this whole thing is not a contradiction (lowest mass meaning lowest total energy, or highest binding energy) because when counting nucleons we confuse/confound neutrons with protons. Ni 62 contains a higher ratio of neutrons to protons than Fe 56, and as neutrons weigh more than protons, Ni 62 is higher mass per nucleon. According to the article, "the mass per nucleon of Fe 56 is 930.412 MeV/c2, Ni 62 is 930.417 MeV/c2, but if one looks only at the nuclei proper, without including the electron cloud, 56Fe has again the lowest mass per nucleon (930.175 MeV/c2), followed by 60Ni (930.181 MeV/c2) and 62Ni (930.187 MeV/c2)." The binding energy wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... says that, because neutrons are higher energy than protons, it may be possible to convert Ni 62 back to Fe 56, but only under conditions where entropy considerations require that not the lowest energy states be the most occupied ones. Also the wikipedia neutron page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... says the decay energy of a free, unbound neutron is 0.782343 MeV but "When bound inside of a nucleus, the energetic instability of a single neutron to beta decay is balanced against the instability that would be acquired by the nucleus as a whole if an additional proton were to appear by beta decay, and thus participate in repulsive interactions with the other protons that are already present in the nucleus. As such, although free neutrons are unstable, bound neutrons in a nucleus are not necessarily so. The same reasoning explains why protons, which are stable in empty space, may transform into neutrons when bound inside of a nucleus."
So what is the most stable "death" of matter, Fe 56 or Ni 62? Which one has the lowest mass per "stuff", and counting nucleons is not a proper way of accounting stuff, it's like asking what has the lowest energy per energy invested, at, say the 3 Kelvin background temperature of the Universe, where entropy dictates the lowest states to be predominantly occupied (including a stable electron cloud), unlike in the core of a super hot supernova? Can anyone answer?
By the way nickel 62 is the ultimate symbol of death, the atom with the most binding energy per nucleon, and not Iron. I had a job where I extracted cobalt from nickel, and I was thinking this is how the world is gonna end, extracting high energy stuff from the low energy nickel 62 waste. Iron 56 is often cited instead of nickel 62, and it's close in binding energy, but not top, and more abundant because of units of 4, alpha radiation of helium atoms predominate as a unit in building up heavier elements, and 14x4=56, while 15.5x4=62. But nickel might be more abundant in the core of the Earth or in satellites than in the litosphere, probably because it's more noble or less reactive, it also only goes to divalent not trivalent as iron, so it turns to the metallic form easier and sinks deep easier.
Telepathy and all that.. it's a great way for nonverbal communication..
Sometimes life is good when you are a good slave. Like good food on the table every day, stuff to keep busy with every day - like a job, security and safety of good military protection so that no Dzhenghis Khan Mongols (commaded by Subutai on the western front, conquering the biggest empire yet in world history) run through your village and burn everything to the ground and kill everybody that moves, and pretty much empty the country out to the point of having to import people to fill it up when they had left. And by everybody I mean every man, not the women, or even children, because even the Mongols had that much human decency to carry off your gold, your grain, your horses, cattle, sheep, and your women, and children, all of them considered "chattle." If nothing else the women and children were sold for good money at the Kaffa slave trading markets in Crimea, and a lot of them end up in Venice or Genoa. That was in a day when women were objectified and considered property. Even today there is a Mad Tv Gangster Shop Quartet video on youtube where they sing: "you better have my money cuz you know I own that honey and her booty is on loan, and her booty I do own." Sometimes being owned, being property, such a thing keeps you alive. But in the USA we sing: "Oh say does that star spangled banner yet wave over the land of the free and the home of the brave." And it's kind of silly that, unlike in the rest of the world, official slavery was so prevalent while people sang that stuff. That's what you call hipocrisy. But sometimes the line between being a de facto slave or official slave is very blurred. How about a free and brave slave? Running your mouth on slashdot. Or running your mouth like Socrates and Diogenes in ancient Greece, pissing everyone off. Diogenes was captured by pirates and sold to Xeniades, when he told he only wanted to be sold only to someone who needs a master (he ended up being a tutor to his kids.) As in when you hire a doctor, you follow his instructions, you employ him to be your master, and if you don't pay him for it, then it's like slavery, where the slave is the master. And stuff like that.
My health insurance is not 800/mo. My housing cost is not 700/mo, and still my biggest line item, even though Da Man is pissed why I don't move into something more expensive, and I'm like are you out of your mind, this is way too friggin much already. That's the major issue with the US today, housing cost is out of control, out of balance of what's sane. 100 years or so ago, a company started somewhere, a mini-town was sprung up around it, by the company having the houses built, and people could pay it up on 1 salary with a stay at home mom in like 3-5 years, on the salary the company paid them. The land around the company was empty, cheap, so why not, why not make it attractive to your workforce. Nowadays we got 40 year interest only mortgages. Insane. And I don't drive anything under 30 mpg if I can help it. I never had an unaerodynamic pickup truck, like it seems to be best seller these days. My numbers are made up when it comes to what I pay, but I have a very close relative who pays 800/mo for a 1 bedroom apt. Insane. And in NYC for a mouse hole you have to pay 1500/mo and get a roommate at that price. Insane. In my mind, in today's global economy and price competition, a 50 bux per month housing cost is reasonable, even that's too much. Hearing that all the bloodsuckers feeding off the housing market are gonna get frantic - banks doing mortgages that are sanctified into tax-law (as in if you already paid interest to Da Man via a mortgage, you get a 20-30% or whatever your taxbracket is discount on your taxes for it), real estate agents, construction companies, etc, A house is valued at 699,999 with a land value of 39,999. Really? How about land value is infinite, and that piece of shit contraption on it is worth 30K instead of 600K? How are construction companies and real estate brokers and banks and everybody gonna extract profit out of it, if you can't tag the temporary part, the just created out of nothing wooden house with a huge price tag, so everyone can profit on the "creation?" You could have a fixed but humongous price for land, without much fluctuation in the real estate market, unlike with the temporary house on top of it, that can rot to nothing and devalue, its prices is very open and unstable and fluctuate. But some people make an entire career living off of fluctuations in price.
The real issue with Rayleigh self scattering of light is that it does not explain red shift. The energy has to go somewhere, something has to take it, unless a photon turns into a particle/antiparticle, it Rayleigh-scatters the photon coming behind it to a red-shifted frequency (scattering is a filtering, not a frequency-shifting like Doppler) then the particle/antiparticle emit in a laser-way another photon, then go back to their original state of a photon. In this way red shift would mean increasing the intensity of light while decreasing the frequency, instead of 2 photons that are, say, blue, you'd end up with 3 photons that are red, all with very close frequencies. I don't think the math could do that. By the way I never really got why in laser, a light of the same frequency triggers the spontaneous emission of inverted populations, in a pulse. Why? Why can't it be a light of higher or lower frequency that triggers the collapse? And if it's a triggered collapse, then how do continuous lasers, like the laser pointer on my keychain, work? Many triggered pulses in sequence? Or the semiconductor is just efficient in putting a lot of electrons into the high state? Why is one LED just an LED, of a definite nm wavelength light, another one a laser LED, with a similar nm wavelength, what makes one a laser but not the other? See, there is lots of stuff I don't know.
As far as the Dirac equation and the like goes, I know it modified the Schroedinger equation with special relativity, and because of the squared term, you had two solutions, plus and minus, and that's how the positron was discovered, and matter/antimatter in general. But still, it does not have any more info on wavefunction particle-like behavior, called collapse, more than the Schroedinger equation does. See light used to be thought of as electromagnetic waves, until Einstein explained the photoelectric effect via particles, that only particles can be counted as 1, 2, 3. I feel the particle description lacks richness, compared to a wave description, that spreads over the entire galaxy then collapses at a single point of interaction. It's like describing something as both scalar and vector, and the vector description is the "correct" one, because it has more features, and scalars are just a particular sub-case of vectors. When we model the world around us, we can come up with better and better models, but even as Einstein said it, some new theory may come and replace the existing ones, only relegating them to relevance through correspondence principle ways, such as Newtonian mechanincs, at low speed, corresponds to special relativity at low speed, and special relativity is just an extension of the rules for those special cases. All Plack derived is that energy is emitted and arrives in packets, not whether it's particles or waves, and as far as we know it, wave-packet is what he got. A wave packet can have a polarization attribute, just like a photon-wave-packet, but how do you assign polarization to the other de-Broglie wave things? De Broglie does not specify whether the waves are transverse or longitudinal, and for photons we know they are transverse, but what about the rest? The clearest evidence of waves being better descriptors with richer sets of features, better models, is the electron diffraction double slit experiment. The single electron whose wave function collapses at a single point on the screen, went through both holes, it knows about both holes on an individual basis, it self diffracts. You cannot explain such behavior with any kind of limited to a point in space particle feature, but a spread out all over the friggin universe wave that goes through both holes at the same time, then collapses the whole wave from the whole universe at a single point, seems like a fitting an suitable description. They shouldn't talk about particle science and particle physics, all you got it wavelet, wave-chunk, wave-quanta physics. It explains the photoelectric effect, polarization behavior of photons, it explains lots of things. Ultimately no model is per
Until they reform the patent system, like they keep reforming the copyright system. Original copyright in the US was 14 years, renewable to 28. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C... The copyright laws were so much nicer before 1790, you know why? Because they were nonexistent!
Dam, I was half asleep writing that. Anyway, a drug company executive is not a bad idea to head the patent office, if you decide to have a patent office at all. In a post apocalyptic world patent policing and enforcement will be impossible anyway. Wait until we overgrow our limits and collapse, like Angkor Wat or the Aztec civilizations did. It happens to the best of the best too. I just saw the gas price dip back to 3.50's from near 4.00. Yeah, they are worried about bicyclization and motorized bicyclization. Which I'll have to do pretty soon to pinch pennies. Once I get an 120 mpg 66 cc gas motor on my bicycle, and make a commute that currently takes me 45 minutes at 60 mph in less than 2 hrs at 30 mph on a bicycle with a backpack, I'll have a method of transportation that can get me almost anywhere without needing car insurance, or even a driver's license. If really needed might have to limit speed to 20 mph, just to please the authorities who nitpick about 20 vs 30 mph, but they better limit this speed requirement to something like 5 mph, because it's coming. Especially when gas prices are over 5-8/gal. Check out this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?... How about this one, https://www.youtube.com/watch?... by the way electric bikes don't stink like lawn mowers, but they don't have the range of gas bicycles either, i.e. you can't commute to 50 miles with them. Bicycles make sense from the car repair standpoint too, it's like you can get a 500 dollar brand new super gas bicycle on the cost of a muffler job + brake job at the car repair shop. And that's when the repair guy can figure out what the heck the car chips are doing. The only problems with bicycles are rain and snow, but for rain I had a completely rainproof gear back in 07, and I never really got the chance to ride in snow much. So yeah, better keep the price of that gas under 4/gal, there is a whole lot at stake, including demand for gas, and sooo much of the economy goes into making cars, supplying cars, insuring cars, repairing cars, it's a major wallet sucker, that might simply go away past a tipping point. Life adapts.
By the way the Inca's are the most fervent Catholics in the whole world these days. During Easter they reenact the crucifixion of Christ, by some people actually getting nailed to a cross and bleeding, and they get carried around like that on a procession. That bloody gore fits in line well with their ancient traditions of human sacrifices. Both the Inca's and Aztecs practiced human sacrifices up to the time of the arrival of conquistadors, and while the Aztecs as an empire disappeared from an economic collapse from overgrowing past their resource limits (just like Angkor Wat collapsed near VietNam), the people remained, scattered about in the jungle, living subsistence lives, without much complex science and technology or art or religion. The Inca's on the other hand were just done conquering the neighborhood, they were at the apex of their powers when they had the bad luck of the conquistadors arriving, bringing the "brotherly love" of Jesus on the cross to them, in the form of a sword. That's what you call hypocrisy, btw.
Patents work like this: You have an idea? Don't publish it freely in the wide open for everyone to hear, instead come and apply for a patent at the patent office. Then they can show you their Bill-Marie, the patent attorney's hillbilly cousin with one eye and one tooth, from West VIrginia, came up with the exact same ideas as you 2 hours before you did, or you applied for a patent, and he beat you to do deadline by two hours, saying the exact things as you say. Which is why it's important to leave crucial details out of your patent, because if someone can understand it with eas , they kind of deserve to benefit.
And while we're at patents, a drug company executive has a lot more reasons to patent protect a drug invention, and he may not give a flying duck about math patents, untangible "innovations" with no real effect in the world..
I never really played doom back in the day, my cousin went to the last level, so two years ago I get freedoom, and finish that, (it takes a good few weeks of afterwork time and weekends,) in windows (the freedos I had had a rudimentary version of freedoom, and no sound on a dell C840 laptop, but the win32 version had sound and all that. I left 4 snakes alive through all the levels, 2 with their backs in early levels who never shoot unless you walk near them, and you have an alternate route around them, and 2 blind ones, each in a different level, that you could get really close and look at, in late levels, and they scratch you if you get too close, but they don't shoot to a distance, like they went blind. Even amidst blood and gore and hate and enemies there is time to stop and admire beauty of life, even if enemy life, & protect noncombatants as either civilians or POW's, You leave 4 of them alive. That's like Alexander marrying an enemy woman, which is like that Mad TV episode of OJ Simpson on a date, "dangerous fun," same with Atilla, marrying an enemy woman. As in I've accomplished my life's goals and I don't mind dying. Or even if I have the capacity to stay alive, I'm not gonna do everything and everything to survive, and sometimes let other people decide it for me. If you finish doom without leaving any snakes alive, you end up all alone in the end. With 2 blind ones, the world is not so empty. I don't know about the ones with their backs turned, but otherwise fully able, if you ever meet them they prolly just kill you. Hmm. Hopefully they've had time to meditate over why they weren't killed, and might become friends with you. Kinda like Robert Redford in Jeremiah Johnson, in the end, after all the blood and gore, the native american waves to him from a distance. Blood and gore because someone walked through a sacred burial ground. Among other things. A native american has a lot of excuses to be angry at a white guy like Robert Redford. So, anyway, they say one of Solomon's faults was not exterminating his enemies fully, but, like letting the king go, or stuff like that. As in like that's a fault. As if that's agains't bible principles. True, stuff like that can later bite you in the ass bad. Not always though. There is a story about Thracians capturing an enemy king, and making him eat with his golden spoon when everyone else at the table ate with wooden spoons. To make a short story short, he ended up marrying his daughter to his enemies that didn't kill him, instead, told him, let's be friends. How nice and naive that is. Stuff like that is very much up in the air. Like, there is a nature video, I don't think I could find it, where a lion pride goes under when the males are exhausted from a fight with an invading pride, and an outsider lioness that joined the pride takes the 2 pups of the pride on a walk, and they turn up dead, and there goes the future, the hope of the pride, because they were not xenophobe enough. The story ends with the enemy pride moving in taking over the territory. Leaving noncombatant blind snakes alive in freedoom? Leaving combat able but with their backs turned snakes alive? How about leaving any POW alive in any war? Shouldn't you just kill any POW and exterminate the enemy, else they may bite you in the ass later? Like Richard the Lionheart executing the whole civilian population of Tyre. Making sure he don't get bitten in the ass later. Unlike Alexander or Attila, who are out of their freaking minds marrying and trusting enemy women. Well, it's like survival is important, but it's still an arbitrary rule. The Thracians could have killed the enemy king. Instead they lucked out by making a friend and a marriage of the princess into the tribe. But somehow it's not too hard to understand the natural tendency of racism and xenophobia that surrounds you every day. There is some good justifications behind it. Just don't trust your kids to an enemy babysitter, after all, your kids are your everything. Jesus said love your enemies. And that's what the Brits did at Trafalgar pulling any S
By the way the job itself is very safe, the only issue is hotheaded emotionalism. I am forced to work in teams, and I have never been good at working with people, and constantly putting up with their little issues and sensitivities, constantly walking on eggshells, and no matter what you do, you can't please people that don't wanna be pleased. I'm always happiest working alone.
And by the way the only reason I buy health insurance at the temp agency, as I just realized the other day that I did sign up when filling out the application, so the only reason I haven't cancelled it, is because I work with maffiozos. Italian maffiozos back in the 1920s before the creation of the FBI to manage corrupt cops, they used to make their money by selling business insurance. As in walk into a bar or restaurant, and make an offer: 50% of your profits to me for a business protection insurance. Owner says he's not interested. Next day a bomb goes off in the restaurant, and he's told, see, you should have bought the business insurance, it would have protected you. I will eventually drop the health insurance, but I don't feel safe enough yet working with maffiozos ready to send me to the hospital and into bankruptcy - the risks of getting bombed are too high to where they forcibly make it worth it to buy health insurance, especially when they keep the present premiums very low for me, but I can see where it's headed, from the premiums my aunt had to pay.
Yes, obviously I don't pay 800/mo on health insurance either. Yet. But that's where things are headed when it's mandatory by law.
I pass way to many typos these days. Like piece/peace. Sometimes it feels like as I type below, somebody keeps changing the stuff I typed above. You can not trust these newer browsers with xmlhttprequest and html 4 dom not changing stuff on the fly for you, without a page reload, as you type.
By the way, if light, as it travels, creates these Heisenberg uncertainty fluctuation particle/antiparticle pairs, why don't these particle/antiparticle pairs Rayleigh self-scatter light, as in one photon goes through this slowdown, and scatters the 2nd photon (or more exactly wave packet, wave quantum) coming right behind it? That could be part of the explanation of redshift of distant galaxies, as opposed to them running faster the farther away they are, creating this Big Bang picture, they might be sitting still and light simply traveling long long long distances self-scatters in a Rayleigh way and somehow coming out of the scattering it actually shifts the atomic emission band frequency down as opposed to just filter it? Can you pull off or eke out such an explanation? I really don't like the theory where very distant galaxies are running away faster than the speed of light from us, in our reference frame, and it's OK as long as our 3D Universe is a volume on a 4D sphere, stretching very fast, and locally, everywhere you still have limited speed of light.
And how do you describe particle antiparticle pairs as wave-antiwave packets? There may really not be such a thing as a particle, and everything is just a certain vibration of "ether", with specific rules of what kinds of vibrations are allowed, and how the vibrations suddenly collapse, and there is no such thing as a "transformation" of a photon into a million kind of particle/antiparticle pairs, but more like a vibration encountering an already present fluctuation, and interacting with it. Vacuum might have a structure that allows certain types of wave packets with definite rules and axioms that interact through collapses of the wave that spread over an entire galaxy, at a single nanosized point on a screen, and string theory might be beating around the bush, but it requires 26 or so dimensions rolled up, and Occam's razor is very eager to cut crap with 26 dimensions. Btw we can thank a lot of Occam's razor http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/.... Through it we killed phlogiston, caloric, vis viva and ether as useless concepts. Phlogiston got killed by Lavoisier, Mr. Oxygen and his wife in 1778 (Jean Michel Jarre has an album titled Oxygen), "vis viva" got killed by Wohler in 1828 by making "organic" urea out of "inorganic" ammonium cyanate, organic materials previously thought to have require life-force, or vis viva to be created. Caloric (which, btw, was introduced by Lavoisier himself, such is science, you win some, you lose some, oh well) was killed by Joule in 1843, showing that heat is not a conserved fluid, but can be generated. And Einstein and his wife killed the concept of "ether" in 1905 based on the Michelson-Morley experiment trying to measure the speed of Earth through ether with unprecedented accuracy with a superb interferometer suspended on a pool of mercury in 1879 at Western Reserve University. When you had man/woman duos doing the work, as in Einstein or Lavoisier, it's probably impossible to separate the individual contributions of the two, and assign credit as credit is due, 35% going to one person, 65% to the other. By the way Lavoisier's head rolled during the French Revolution, because he made a living through the tax office, concocting even better ways to extort even more money out of the people. And during the guillotine sessions, when a whole lot of nobility family trees were instantly trimmed, before chopped some heads were told to keep blinking as long as possible after they are chopped, and they could do it for about 35 seconds before giving out. So even getting your head chopped is not instant death, and hanging is probably not so either, there is mental awareness, anguish and agony for at least 35 seconds. Lethal injection, preparing the inmate, tying him down, that creates a lot of stress right there, and probably the most humane way of execution is not telling a death row inmate when he's gonna go, gassing him in his cell/chamber with anesthetics, then wi
Now I woke up, if I don't think hard I'm not that sleepy - so apropo blue sky, I had this thought right before falling asleep that don't we have evidence that the farther a star or galaxy is, the more red shifted they are? As in the more Rayleigh scattering the farther away they are, and we may not really see the blue sky as blue, but we can tell from a red shifted star that it lost a lot of blue ? But I know redshift is due to Doppler effect, and all the known spectral lines move, in unison, according to the Doppler formula, as opposed to just simply being selectively filtered out in a wavelength dependent way due to Rayleigh scattering, according to the Rayleigh formula, so no, the redshift is not due to extra stuff, but speed.
10 to 1000 atoms per cubic meter is really deep vacuum and it means we could get interstellar travel by going really fast, continuously accelerating with a cyclotron drive to close to speed of light, say 80%, then turn to decelerating halfway there.
Your arguments are sound. A lot of stuff out there would mean a blue sky everywhere, as gases do Rayleigh scattering of light. And once you go past our atmosphere, the rest of the Universe is black, not blue, the blue sky disappears, therefore there is deep vacuum everywhere, or at least small particle free space, and then you have to invent something else that is particle free but present in vacuum and retards photons compared to neutrinos, such as gravity, or dark energy, or whatnot.
Photons interact a lot with "subspace" vacuum and get delayed, but neutrinos do not, or not to the same extent. If you're absolutely certain that neutrinos can oscillate, and there are different kinds that can turn into each other, then having two pulses does not make sense if they were both from the same event, as any different neutrinos should have oscillated into each other and be indistinguishable. One question, when we talk of photons, it's hard to talk about polarization, but we know light is a transverse wave and polarized. Obviously neutrinos have an associated wave-particle duality to them, just like everything else, and do we know what kind of waves they are? Longitudinal, or transverse? If they are transverse waves, then there could be neutrino polarization, and just like with light birefringence in a calcite crystal, where an incoming uniformly random polarized wave splits into a fast and a slow beam, based on polarization, so if the space between us and the supernova is anisotropic in any sense, such as gravity pointing in certain direction throughout, and neutrinos be polarized transverse waves, then there could be a fast and a slow wave with them, but not so with the light wave, unless they had polarized light receptors and have info on the polarization makeup of the light received vs. time (and this would be low intensity for a while, then intensity doubling when the slow beam arrives too and adds to the fast one, as light emission was continuous with a slow decay, but the neutrino came in pulses.) So if gravity affects the speed of light, and affects it in a birefringent way, it may also affect the speed of neutrinos, if they are transverse polarized, in a birefringent way too, and then none of the signals really arrived at the speed of light, but slower, as in a calcite crystal even the fast wave still has a reduced speed from true speed of light.
By the way I still don't comprehend the concept of how a uniformly polarized beam decides to split into two in a calcite crystal, instead of a spread spectrum, like how does a wave just below 44.9 degrees decide to go with one beam, then one at 45.1 degrees with the other beam, or is that the cutoff point, the math must be really complicated, but a lot of XIX century mathematicians well versed in such things would probably have no problem explaining why.
Also, looking at the double slit experiments, an electron is a wave that passes through both holes, then it decides to collapse at some point on the screen, how does a wave decide to become a particle, or even if not a particle, an interaction, in effect we have no particles, just waves, and they interact at given points, sometimes within very strict limits on location, such as a particle trace in a cloud chamber, sometimes in very random locations, such as where an electron collapses on a screen after having passed through a double slit. Many double slits in series of course would confine the electron to a linear path too, just like a cloud chamber cloud does, if the electron found a way to not interact with the walls in series, a sort of filtering effect. One that interacts with the wall off angle through diffraction then changes its mind and returns to being an electron on the original straight path, would be like the particle going through the
The best solution to any problems the world faces is not rules, regulations, but technology. You have to make the price of running nuclear (or even renewable) origin liquid ammonia fuel cell powered vehicles that emit no organic carbon scents low enough to compete. By the way, I never got a chance to respond to another slashdot posting, citing sodium metal, and sodamide as an economic way to crack ammonia back to its elements, citing ruthenium, the most efficient catalyst, is too costly. Well, hello, as far as I know the Haber-Bosch process uses reduced iron oxide catalyst, and one of the prime rules of catalysis, is that a catalyst does not change the equilibrium constants, it only lowers the activation energy, the temperature required for a process to happen, and whatever catalyst is best at driving a reaction forward, is usually also the best in driving it backward, so why you need to mess with sodium metal or ruthenium when you can just use simple Haber-Bosch catalyst? If a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is what you're after, but that mixture may not be a well combusting one, as the extra nitrogen might dilute the combusting air mix to below the explosive limit. I'm too lazy to look it up now, let's just say ammonia is not combustible, and even if cracked ammonia is combustible, the situation is similar to adding 10% ethanol to gasoline giving you less miles than if you just bought 90% straight 100% gasoline, and ran with that, being a Carnot-cycle high temperature achieved efficiency issue. In fact running pure oxygen from a cylinder plus straight gas gets you much better mileage than running air plus gasoline, and similarly, running pure oxygen and pure hydrogen into a car engine is much more efficient, than running air and hydrogen, let alone running air and cracked ammonia hydrogen+nitrogen. The energy in ammonia is there, you just have to know how to get to it, and combusting it is not the answer, but fuel cells can get the 60% efficiency per gram of hydrogen supplied, almost irrespective if diluted or not with hydrogen, while an internal combustion engine has to heat the inert nitrogen too. (Stirling cycle engine-like copper-gauze recouperators can be used to recover nitrogen waste heat from a fuel cell, but recouperators don't really have a place inside an internal combustion piston, the deadweight of extra nitrogen there directly driving down the high temperature achieved during explosion number of the Carnot cycle efficiency formula, devastating the efficiency numbers.) Of course the best solution is a hybrid, one that has a lithium ion battery that'll take you 5-10 minutes on a commute, and if you run out of that, then the ammonia fuel cell kicks in, but you can probably not make a fully electric car economical and have a long driving range of hours and hours too. Unfortunately for a fuel cell iron catalyst probably does not work well, as it has to be something that allows the hydrogen through the metal, and ionization of it at the interface, such as a platinum or palladium coating on a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P... proton conductor such as a Nafion membrane. However, microholes in an iron membrane similar to those developed for micron filtration via electron beams, or a nanothin film of iron oxide reduced to iron, or mixture of nickel-iron, such coatings might work well enough instead of platinum. Carbon black and charcoal are typical replacement in catalysis where platinum is unavailable, so simply carburizing the nafion membrane surface with a flame or some similar plastic that chars better than nafion might work, also adding iron or nickel or cobalt or whatnot compounds to the surface can get you a platinumless low temperature fuel cell. You're also talking a nano-thin film of platinum, and the amount is so small, that, say 80 bux may cover a dozen square meters, and that's not too high a cost when you consider new car costs are never under 10 grand anymore. For a moped or 2-cycle engine gasoline bicycle you could probably not afford a liquid am
What a waste of flowering plants and flower sucking bugs golf is.
I don't think you're being gouged. Germany, striving for energy independence, has had a policy of paying some enormous amount, like 50 cents/kWh guaranteed by the government to anyone who's able to supply renewable energy to the grid (this means solar or wind,) which made it very easy to finance huge solar installations, because there was a price guarantee, and the breakeven point for solar panels is probably near 35 cents/kWh, while coal fired plants can get you 5 cents/kWh + distribution cost (i.e. power lines, transformers, meters, etc., which is at least another 7 cents/kWh.) This 50 cent or something around that range move was done to achieve energy independence, in anticipation of an energy crunch world where energy prices might hit $2-$5/kWh, such as global war, global black plague, etc. (The Prince Merchant DOS game has a feature that when the plague hits Venice, the prices skyrocket, so it's an excellent time to make money, but you have a chance of losing your trading crew and vessels to the plague.) Now Da Man, thought about it, and decided to send the German energy market into a free spiral downward, as the last thing the world needs is another energy independent united Germany wearing Prussian dick-spiked metal helmets, marching in formation with the Nazi salute and a rifle on the shoulder, in front of tanks, chanting Deutschland, Deutschland Uber Alles! It's kinda too late now, because people know the innards of renewable power, so everything installed has to be attacked and dismantled, and people made to forget how it's done, so you're talking at least 40 years of folk memory erasing effort, or 2050 before the effects of this energy independence 50 cents/kWh government push can be fully remedied and rectified. But 50 years is a long time, and the only way to maintain stability, is to build lots of nuke plants, but now you end up with a Germany with a bunch of nuke plants? That's not a safe idea either. I think the safest things would be nuke plants in North Africa, far enough away, through HVDC, because you can't put solar panels in North Africa and tell the Germans to take their own solar and windmills down. Switzerland for all the nuke plants supplying all of Germany and Italy? Or Russia, and play shut electricity off games like they do with natural gas these days? Switzerland does not have ports for fuel imports, but, as it's so energy dense, even flying the fuel from Canada or Australia or Congo would make sense. But it's too small a country surrounded by a lot of common folk countries like France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Netherlands. And it's hard to live up to neutrality principles in a war when you're the only one supplying everyone's lifeline to energy, you become the one and only strategic high ground target to capture and the war is automatically over and won by the one able to accomplish it. So how you gonna make it to 2050 while quietly dismantling the renewable German energy infrastructure and flooding the market with 3 cents/kWh nuclear electricity, because the big question is, from friggin where? Russia? From the remote safety of Siberia?
It's like this - if you're a relative of Da Man, you can install solar panels, if not, you cannot. The HOA rules are flexible, subject to interpretation based on kinship.
It's like this: $7.85/hr x 160 hr/month work = $1256 gross/mo. At 20% social security and medicare and income tax, 80% x 1256 = $1004.8. At $800/month health insurance, thats $204.8 left for all other expenses, and $700/mo rent, that's $-495.2/mo, then car gas for you 18-20 mpg manly Suburban or 12 mpg Hummer (because how else you gonna get the bitches, driving an 82 mpg 3 cylinder rusty old 95 Geo Metro?) so that's at least another 200-300/mo, so that' -$695/mo, (you're getting close to needing a full second salary) then you get your electric for $20/mo, gas is $25+(10 to 200(in winter)), then the water/sewer bill at 600/yr is 50/mo (most rent includes the water but then the landlord bitches), then food is like 100/mo, (which by the way used to be the top expense a millenium ago, in some form or other, military protection lordship taxes coming in second, religion third, and clothing fourth), clothes are like 10/mo (you don't have to buy clothes often for years, especially if you get work uniforms and you dont' wear them, shoes being the top wear item, and laundry is mostly included in the water/gas/electric bill). That's for yourself. Add a few people to it, health insurance goes up, housing, well, you need more room, gas about the same, food goes up proportional to headcount except kids eat a quarter to half, water goes up proportional (number of toilet flushes, showers and laundry loads), gas is the same, electric is the same, but now you got this friggin educational cost raping you in the ass in the form of college tuition quadrupling in the last decade, and there ain't no stoppin, you need extra cars once college age hits, etc. 5 people in a suburb on one 7.85/hr income, with $800/mo health insurance, and $700/mo housing cost, $200/mo commute gas + car payment of another 200/mo, and $10000/yr college tuition+ extra 3 cars saved up in 16 years? Yeah right, let's put the smart people to it to show how it's done. The only way it's done: forget about health insurance, and pay the 90/yr penalty, buy a junk house in a bad neighborhood and hope you don't get shot, (which risk is worse, getting shot in a bad neighborhood or getting sick? are they gonna make getting shot with a gun insurance mandatory too in violent neighborhoods now, cuz that's the only place you stand a snowballs chance in hell to make it with a family, everywhere else it's 101% certain doom extermination of not being able to support a family), pay 600/yr property tax (that's 50/mo housing cost), accept the assraping from the sewer system as you won't get no permit for a backyard outhouse or septic tank and rainwater collection/deep groundwater well system, because it's too crowded, so sewer is 600/yr, that's another 50/mo, ride a fucking bicycle to work for 40 minutes (when in a car you can do it in 10 minutes) to cut out gas and car insurance cost out, buy everything at Aldi's ((0.85 white bread, 1.50/dozen eggs, 1.19/tomato sauce, $4/10lb potato, and $15/20 lb rice at chiense supermarket, and $3.50 for a 2 gallon jar of pickles at Walmart. Distilled water to drink is 85 c/gallon, and 100 multivitamins (especially the D unless you work in the sun) is like $3.) In a pinch you can eat rice at 0.5 lb per person per day, which comes to 35 cents a day, and add 2 carrots, oil at another 20 cents, and a can of green beans for 50 cents, and spices for 5 cents, and swallow vitamin C pills. Green peppers cooked in make it a lot tastier, but I find they are too expensive, especially the hot pepper varieties(jalapeno, serrano, hungarian, or even dried chinese chili peppers, which are very cheap but don't have the taste. When low on protein, eat lots of eggs, bread, and tomato sauce. And butter, if you're allergic to soybean or other forms of oil, like mayo, but butter is expensive. Forget about milk, and cheese and mushrooms only for medicinal value, or if you're into wine, that works too. Cheese and very low alcohol wine helps you keep your teeth, that so many young people lose in their 20's lately, especially the druggies. Also shoveling horse manure can supply a
I used to pay like under 10 bux a month for gas when I used none, like 7 years ago, then they privatized and they got this minimum 25 bux a month fee, and usage comes on top of that. My only goal in life is to achieve a bill-less nirvana, live where no grass cutting is required, there is no water/sewer bill, no gas bill, no electric bill, phone bill is prepaid if you want to but you don't have to, car insurance is only required if you get caught, but then you figure out a way to commute without a fucking car, and property taxes are like 20 bux a year, because you qualify for CAUV(current agricultural use value) tax treatment. Then minimum wage is like extreme luxury, otherwise it's nowhere near enough to pay your bills, housing being the top one on the list for now, but give it 10-20 years, and it's gonna be the health insurance tax penalty for not buying one that's sucking the living life out of you and stops you from raising any kids because you can't afford to take care even of yourself, let alone extra people. Health insurance is gonna be the top killer, and even these days, my aunt's been buying health insurance even when it wasn't mandatory, from like the early 80's, and last year they jack up her price to like 800 bux a month, with a silver plan, and she had to go miles of runaround to get on the bronze plan for like 500 bux a month, she was told it's not possible, all she needs to do is pay the premium. Yeah? All you gotta do is pay the premium, and if you don't have a problem with 800 a month, we'll jack it to 4000 a month, and if you don't have a problem with that, then it's 80,000 a month, there is no limit to the greed on the part of doctors and insurance companies. And that's these days, wait til it's really mandatory to buy it, and Da Man will suck every last drop of blood out of your bank accounts through it. How can you live without bills? Is that even possible? What's this bullshit with all these mandatory expenses, and arbitrary expenses at that, arbitrary not in a free market way, but in a make believe, pretend we have a free market conspiracy of screwing everybody out of their every last dollar, letting them hover just barely on the negative side of zero, barely bankrupt, so they keep jumping like dogs for a piece of bacon that you hold higher and higher. This is how the world is supposed to work, everybody gets a hamster wheel, and without such constant semi-bankruptcy incentives everybody gets lazy. Yeah, well what that means is that honest people who care about making ends meet don't reproduce, and all the people who don't give a shit of being a dead weight on the system reproduce out of control, as they have no signal, no mark to watch of what limit to follow. Da Man is exterminating all the honest people, then wonders why the economy is fucked, and why Lehman Bros collapses from the dead weight of lies piled up high and deep. You cannot raise 3 kids and support a stay at home mom on minimum wage, and pay prevalent housing cost, and now online obmacare health insurance too on top of everything, and pay for college for all three, which is like a new high school diploma anymore. You need at least 3 kids, or 2.1 kids per average to maintain population levels, 2.0 is not enough. The only people who can afford to raise 3 kids, or for that matter, 7 kids, are people on welfare, or those, who are even if now they are temporarily on minimum wage, they've had special deals, or opportunities in life away from minimum wage to eke out a housing situation that's roomy enough and cheap enough, so now they can live on minimum wage, and show everyone how it's done. And everyone says: bullshit!
Like Saturn's rings haven't collapsed gravitationally, what's keeping that strange thing stable? Any good math? Yeah, from google I see Maxwell went at it, that's another yummi thing to read up on this weekend.