a.
system of government marked by entralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
b.
a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
Taking a video recoding device into a theater will be a crime. What next, will they classify my memory of the film as an illegal copy! That is horseshit. It doesn't even qualify as bullshit. They will take my camcorder from my cold dead hands.
I don't see the value in these subpoenas. These people who were subpoenad by SCO aren't a party to a SCO/IBM contract dispute. They aren't a party to the IBM patents in dispute. The GPL isn't specifically governed by these people, it is a document that is used independantly by each GPL contributor. Am I wrong? Can someone please enlighten me?
Bill Gates: Damn it, we only made $10billion this quarter. Why can't we stop Linux. They are impudent. They are questioning my rightful place as sole ruler of the world!
Steven Balmer: Your most high and mighty worship, we are almost out of FUD, we need a new source.
Bill Gates: Hmmmmmmmm.....I have a brilliant and evil plan. Yes, let us turn our insecurity and forced upgrade cycle minions loose upon them. They will be destroyed by fear of virus infection! And be forced to use Windows as a more secure option which we can endlessly use to rule the world. And I shall collect endless profit and be a god forever.
Steven Balmer: Your high and mightyness, yor brilliance is brighter than the sun, and I grovel in awe of your every word. Direct me, how will we get the infectable source code into Linux.
Bill Gates: We will use a pawn, a patsy a proxy to do my bidding. We will secretly fund a company to pass off crapulent source code and insert it into Linux. CODE WRITERS, COME BEFORE ME NOW.
(a lacky strikes a gong and a Microsoft programmer appears)
M$ Programmer: Your most high and mighty worshipness, You rang.
Bill Gates: Write me crapulent code for Linux...at once, which we can infect with a virus!
M$ Programmer: Your worship, we already have code designed to break and become obsolete forcing upgrades. It is called 'Windows', which you solely created with your genius and godlike intuition. Shall I use this code?
Bill Gates: It is all so clear to me now, with my unparalleled genius I have seen the future. We will use our monopoly on buggy operating systems to destroy the open source community. Send the code to our minions at SCO. Go forth and destroy them! All of them...AT ONCE! Muhahahahahahah.
For all things there is a beginning and an end. This is a basic fact of life. Linux will die. It is only a matter of time. As a matter of fact all things will all die, people, animals, the stars. Not even Dick Clark will be perfectly preserved. Life is futile! I think I am going to go out and kill myself right now, just to speed things up!
the 'sharp lawyering' got SCO up this creek without a paddle. Now they are sinking. ESR isn't a party to this suit, he doesn't work for IBM, and isn't being sued for contract violations or stealing IP. How can he possibly be useful to SCO except as a useless witness to waste time. You can't call in any chump off the street and put him up as a witness that represents your opponents.
I will laugh, not when they lose, but when they burn in hell.
I have patented a brand new invention called the 'HACKO_METER', which I liscence for $699, it is based on a reverse two prong graphical tree selection process. I am hoping to test it in major metropolitan areas.
You take one IT professional, and give him $500 in cash, if he leaves early, he only gets to keep $50. He is not told the task. Then lock him in 10'x10'x10' box with a computer hooked up to the net. Then he chooses which system he wants, Linux or M$. He is given the opposite of his choice. He is then told he must stay there until the computer gets a virus, trojan, spyware or hacked.
Unfortunately, a bullet/sound proof observation mirror is between him and the computer, so he can only watch as random people go up and surf the web and view email and listen to music. The 'HACKO-METER' TM uses a patented ongoing questionaire that measures the resulting fear and frustration level as the IT worker watches idiots, neophytes and morons surf the web and do stupid stuff, hoping each one will download a virus so he can collect his cash. The IT person is realeased after 12 hours if no infection occurs(but he doesn't know that). He can leave any time and collect $50.
This 'HACKO-METER'TM patented test will not measure the reliability of each system, it will measure the pain threshold for each system, which I believe is a more accurate indicator of performance and reliability.
Shroting is 'borrowing' someone elses stock, selling it at a high price (SCOX at $17.56), banking the cash, and then hoping it will fall in price so you can buy it back at a lower price and make money (i.e. buy back SCOX - bankrupt $.05). You can only get a maximum of 100% profit if the company goes bankrupt. However if you are wrong about your facts and SCOX goes from $17.56 to $37, you are out a bunch of cash, and in for a margin call perhaps. If you had shorted this stock a few months back when the Slashdotters started yelling short, SCOX was at about $3. If you had shorted $2000 worth the stock at $3 per share you would be facing a liabilty of $23,413 with a loss of $21,413. If you had shorted SCO $2000 worth of stock when they were $1 you would be facing a total liability of $35,120 with a loss of $33,120. You have open ended upward liability with a short, and timing is critical, wrong timing can be disastrous. The stock market is not a rational place, as seen by the runnup in SCOX. SCOX will probably see another bump if a court ruling drags this out. The question you have to ask yourself now, is do you have the balls to short SCOX? DO you. DO you...punk.
Your right, I think this is actually a vivisection, which is much more cruel. I hope we can spray hairsparay in their eyes after this, for additional animal testing.
SCO is tainted by its violation of the GPL and the IBM countersuit. Anyone can sue them who has copyrighted material in Linux, and they are potentially infringing on thousands of different peoples and companies IP by violating the GPL. In addition, they are potentially involved in criminal activity if this turns out to be a pump and dump scheme, and no Wall Street company is going to want to be a part of that. This outstanding liability could make SCO worthless for any potential buyer. Who is going to buy a company with open ended legal issues with possible judgements against them greater than the value of the company? Unless SCO settles the legal issues with Linux and IBM, and is free and clear so to speak, no one, not even IBM, will buy them out. The only thing they can do is sell their IP, and close the doors.
The reality of the political situation matters. We in fact could NOT drop nukes on Iraq, or massacre unarmed civilians by the tens of millions. There are 1 billion Muslims who might take offense at that, in addition to the fact that it would sever all of our existing alliances and we would be placed on a moral level equal with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. This would OBLIGATE the rest of the world to declare a war on us, a war where there could be no substitute for victory, no pause and no armistice. Even Canada would declare war on us. Even if we won, we would be destroyed, thousands of millions of people could die. Such an act would be a complete and total disaster for the US and the world, and only a moron would actually think such a thing would be a good idea.
True victory is always won in the hearts and minds of the enemy. They must be beaten, in every sense of the word, and coerced to a certain point of view which accomplishes our objectives. This can be done with weapons, with food, with television or perhaps by eliminating key leadership infrastructure with an EMP weapon and replacing it with our own. If we only offer someone certain anhilation in defeat and our only language is violence, they will have no other option than to fight to the end. There isn't any point in winning if we can't win with honor, unless you want to uplift tyranny.
I realize that the parent post is toungue in cheek to a certain degree, but it has been modded up to '5 insightful', which is absurd. Which leads me to believe that many people in this forum are:
A. On crack
B. Weak minded simpletons
C. Cattle who will consume whatever idiocy they are fed.
If you only buy songs one at a time, and each song must stand on its own, unless they bundle them somehow, you will only rarely buy full albums. Why buy 22 songs when you only want 3 from that album. You will more likely have a folder with an artists name on it, and organize songs that way.
The music industry is finally catching on. They need to give people rights, not restrictions. That is what works. Why should I pay $16 for an album I can't play on my work computer. What is the point of that. I can download whatever I want for free and play it on my work computer or at home and then burn them to disk....hmmmmm, this isn't rocket science. $.99 is worth the convenience for a song I really want, but the price must come down if they expect me to buy songs to hear them once and throw them in the trash. I will pay $.25 for mediocrity. But they will have to pay me listen to some of their crap.
Your analysis is very interesting, but flawed. The net has a white blood cell called 'the IT department'. This will track down and repair damaged machines and restore them to optimal efficiency. If a machine is damage beyond repair, it is called planned obsolescence, and the second defenced called 'money' is used to buy a new machine or software, which the IT department will adapt to the net, thus perpetuating the cycle of life on the net.
Any true conservative would disagree! We all know that spam is a part of the alien, homosexual clone plot, who have come to colonize our world and contaminate our bodily fluids! I know! My god, turn on the computer and the devil shall appear in the form of Satanic spam linked to lingerie pop-ups... Oh my, I feel kind of funny down below.... IT IS EVIL, and instrument of the devil (and alien homosexual clones), and honest family people are standing up to the spammer perverts. I am sure the spammers will burn in hell, because they cause honest people to accidentally click on pornography links to buy videos with two chicks getting it on or porcelin lawn ornaments with gnomes or little dogs, because spammers form a part of the Axis of Email, and we must launch a pre-emptive strike NOW. We must fight terrorism at any cost, no matter what it costs. There is nothing more un-American than hard core pornography spam except hard core homosexual pornography spam! And I have no idea how they got my email!
My first point is that Microsoft can afford to pay for all of my spam costs. I have 2 email addresses, the garbage Hotmail one and my real one. Microsoft will pay to collect my spam for free! Any registration or information request that is remotely sketchy or is open to the public or I don't care about I use the garbage email. I don't get any spam worth mentioning on my real email address.
My second point is that this isn't really that bad a crime, so cops won't care much. This isn't a problem to law enforcement. That makes it difficult for cops to get the infrastructure and social organization ready to do things like fight spam because it needs to be justified. The harder the spammers work, the more they will support and justify the creation of the anti-spam institution, but not by the police. Unlike the police, corporations will go to extreme lengths to save money, whether or not a crime has occured. If AT&T can save $millions by creating the software and hardware to lock out craphole sources from American net space they will do it, irregardless if it is a crime and using any tool they can get away with. A company will tool up to build them a special router. A programmer will write them a program. And they will lean on government to send in the cops and allocate resources and pass laws. Then they will start beating up on the spammers and their supporters, which will include weak minded ISP's. Spam will eventually be stopped because the cost of 'collateral damage' to spam supporting ISP's and infected organizations is too high, as the anti-spam institution builds bigger and better weapons. This is will create a kind of a scorched earth scenario as the spammers and anyone nearby gets blasted, but it will happen if the spammers get any more out of control because it will make sense in terms of dollars, not necessarily right or wrong. And unfortuantely, I am sure innocent people will be hurt...but I don't care about any of that as long as my In-Box is free.
You know how crazy this all sounds. SCO is going to try to take over Linux. WTF?
SCO: We are going to anhilate the open source movement with our profound and far reaching UNIX V IP, the most advanced code ever conceived my man, or GOD himself! Our Unix is the overlord of the Linux Code and therefore rules supreme. We shall harness, NAY enslave, Linux, and it shall do our bidding. We shall be kings...and GODS; immortal and all powerful!
Slashdotter: We will resist your onslaught with our legions of dedicated hackers who number more than drops of water in the ocean. We see with crystal clarity your evil. And with furious and righteous MIGHT...we shall destroy your...puny ship, the Santa Cruz.... as a drop gathers into a bucket into a wave into a tidal wave and bring you all to DESPAIR. And then we shall drag you down to the pit of the ocean and crush the air from your cursed lungs and you shall drown...and then we will laugh! Hahahahahahahahahaha.
SCO: NAY! NAY and NAY again! We are the overlord, puny, in 'sig' nificant wretch.
Slashdotter: I am but one of a legion. We shall be victorious. We accept no master but Linus. Behold our wrath!
Bystander: What the fuck are these people talking about, and who cares anyway. All of this crap is overblown, over dramatized and melodramatic enough to make me puke! As a matter of fact, I am so blown away by the stupidity of this fight I am going to KILL MYSELF. (Bystander pulls out gun. BANG. DEAD)
And this brings me to my point. Stop freaking out every time SCO says something stupid. They are just blowing air out of their ass. A smart person would harvest this vast source of methane and use it as an alternative fuel source to power his car. Don't feed the TROLL.
Let me be the devils advocate here for a second. What if SCO wins a minor victory in court, but loses on all of the major issues, but is nonetheless awarded $10-15 million. What will that mean for Linux?
This is corporate fascist crap.
FASCISM -
a.
system of government marked by entralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
b.
a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
Taking a video recoding device into a theater will be a crime. What next, will they classify my memory of the film as an illegal copy! That is horseshit. It doesn't even qualify as bullshit. They will take my camcorder from my cold dead hands.
No your wrong, they stole the idea from Pringles!
So why not subpoena everyone, to make things as slow and difficult as possible? I'm surprised Elvis and Bigfoot aren't on the list.
You forgot Chewbacca!
I don't see the value in these subpoenas. These people who were subpoenad by SCO aren't a party to a SCO/IBM contract dispute. They aren't a party to the IBM patents in dispute. The GPL isn't specifically governed by these people, it is a document that is used independantly by each GPL contributor. Am I wrong? Can someone please enlighten me?
Bill Gates: Damn it, we only made $10billion this quarter. Why can't we stop Linux. They are impudent. They are questioning my rightful place as sole ruler of the world!
Steven Balmer: Your most high and mighty worship, we are almost out of FUD, we need a new source.
Bill Gates: Hmmmmmmmm.....I have a brilliant and evil plan. Yes, let us turn our insecurity and forced upgrade cycle minions loose upon them. They will be destroyed by fear of virus infection! And be forced to use Windows as a more secure option which we can endlessly use to rule the world. And I shall collect endless profit and be a god forever.
Steven Balmer: Your high and mightyness, yor brilliance is brighter than the sun, and I grovel in awe of your every word. Direct me, how will we get the infectable source code into Linux.
Bill Gates: We will use a pawn, a patsy a proxy to do my bidding. We will secretly fund a company to pass off crapulent source code and insert it into Linux. CODE WRITERS, COME BEFORE ME NOW.
(a lacky strikes a gong and a Microsoft programmer appears)
M$ Programmer: Your most high and mighty worshipness, You rang.
Bill Gates: Write me crapulent code for Linux...at once, which we can infect with a virus!
M$ Programmer: Your worship, we already have code designed to break and become obsolete forcing upgrades. It is called 'Windows', which you solely created with your genius and godlike intuition. Shall I use this code?
Bill Gates: It is all so clear to me now, with my unparalleled genius I have seen the future. We will use our monopoly on buggy operating systems to destroy the open source community. Send the code to our minions at SCO. Go forth and destroy them! All of them...AT ONCE! Muhahahahahahah.
Steven Balmer: Muhahahahahaha
ALL: Muhahahahahahaha
For all things there is a beginning and an end. This is a basic fact of life. Linux will die. It is only a matter of time. As a matter of fact all things will all die, people, animals, the stars. Not even Dick Clark will be perfectly preserved. Life is futile! I think I am going to go out and kill myself right now, just to speed things up!
Forever is a long time.
the 'sharp lawyering' got SCO up this creek without a paddle. Now they are sinking. ESR isn't a party to this suit, he doesn't work for IBM, and isn't being sued for contract violations or stealing IP. How can he possibly be useful to SCO except as a useless witness to waste time. You can't call in any chump off the street and put him up as a witness that represents your opponents.
I will laugh, not when they lose, but when they burn in hell.
Here is my NEW INVENTION COMING SOON!
I have patented a brand new invention called the 'HACKO_METER', which I liscence for $699, it is based on a reverse two prong graphical tree selection process. I am hoping to test it in major metropolitan areas.
You take one IT professional, and give him $500 in cash, if he leaves early, he only gets to keep $50. He is not told the task. Then lock him in 10'x10'x10' box with a computer hooked up to the net. Then he chooses which system he wants, Linux or M$. He is given the opposite of his choice. He is then told he must stay there until the computer gets a virus, trojan, spyware or hacked.
Unfortunately, a bullet/sound proof observation mirror is between him and the computer, so he can only watch as random people go up and surf the web and view email and listen to music. The 'HACKO-METER' TM uses a patented ongoing questionaire that measures the resulting fear and frustration level as the IT worker watches idiots, neophytes and morons surf the web and do stupid stuff, hoping each one will download a virus so he can collect his cash. The IT person is realeased after 12 hours if no infection occurs(but he doesn't know that). He can leave any time and collect $50.
This 'HACKO-METER'TM patented test will not measure the reliability of each system, it will measure the pain threshold for each system, which I believe is a more accurate indicator of performance and reliability.
They will be using a Power PC processor (Mac). They liscensed UNIX from SCO. IBM is to be the chip manufacturer. The circle is complete.
Shroting is 'borrowing' someone elses stock, selling it at a high price (SCOX at $17.56), banking the cash, and then hoping it will fall in price so you can buy it back at a lower price and make money (i.e. buy back SCOX - bankrupt $.05). You can only get a maximum of 100% profit if the company goes bankrupt. However if you are wrong about your facts and SCOX goes from $17.56 to $37, you are out a bunch of cash, and in for a margin call perhaps. If you had shorted this stock a few months back when the Slashdotters started yelling short, SCOX was at about $3. If you had shorted $2000 worth the stock at $3 per share you would be facing a liabilty of $23,413 with a loss of $21,413. If you had shorted SCO $2000 worth of stock when they were $1 you would be facing a total liability of $35,120 with a loss of $33,120. You have open ended upward liability with a short, and timing is critical, wrong timing can be disastrous. The stock market is not a rational place, as seen by the runnup in SCOX. SCOX will probably see another bump if a court ruling drags this out. The question you have to ask yourself now, is do you have the balls to short SCOX? DO you. DO you...punk.
Your right, I think this is actually a vivisection, which is much more cruel. I hope we can spray hairsparay in their eyes after this, for additional animal testing.
All they need to do now is pump the SCO offices full of carcinogens and toxic waste.
SCO is tainted by its violation of the GPL and the IBM countersuit. Anyone can sue them who has copyrighted material in Linux, and they are potentially infringing on thousands of different peoples and companies IP by violating the GPL. In addition, they are potentially involved in criminal activity if this turns out to be a pump and dump scheme, and no Wall Street company is going to want to be a part of that. This outstanding liability could make SCO worthless for any potential buyer. Who is going to buy a company with open ended legal issues with possible judgements against them greater than the value of the company? Unless SCO settles the legal issues with Linux and IBM, and is free and clear so to speak, no one, not even IBM, will buy them out. The only thing they can do is sell their IP, and close the doors.
Do you think this Novell/SCO wedge has anything to do with the $50 million IBM put up for suse?
The reality of the political situation matters. We in fact could NOT drop nukes on Iraq, or massacre unarmed civilians by the tens of millions. There are 1 billion Muslims who might take offense at that, in addition to the fact that it would sever all of our existing alliances and we would be placed on a moral level equal with Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. This would OBLIGATE the rest of the world to declare a war on us, a war where there could be no substitute for victory, no pause and no armistice. Even Canada would declare war on us. Even if we won, we would be destroyed, thousands of millions of people could die. Such an act would be a complete and total disaster for the US and the world, and only a moron would actually think such a thing would be a good idea.
True victory is always won in the hearts and minds of the enemy. They must be beaten, in every sense of the word, and coerced to a certain point of view which accomplishes our objectives. This can be done with weapons, with food, with television or perhaps by eliminating key leadership infrastructure with an EMP weapon and replacing it with our own. If we only offer someone certain anhilation in defeat and our only language is violence, they will have no other option than to fight to the end. There isn't any point in winning if we can't win with honor, unless you want to uplift tyranny.
I realize that the parent post is toungue in cheek to a certain degree, but it has been modded up to '5 insightful', which is absurd. Which leads me to believe that many people in this forum are:
A. On crack
B. Weak minded simpletons
C. Cattle who will consume whatever idiocy they are fed.
If only the AK-47 had a computer in it.
If you only buy songs one at a time, and each song must stand on its own, unless they bundle them somehow, you will only rarely buy full albums. Why buy 22 songs when you only want 3 from that album. You will more likely have a folder with an artists name on it, and organize songs that way.
The music industry is finally catching on. They need to give people rights, not restrictions. That is what works. Why should I pay $16 for an album I can't play on my work computer. What is the point of that. I can download whatever I want for free and play it on my work computer or at home and then burn them to disk....hmmmmm, this isn't rocket science. $.99 is worth the convenience for a song I really want, but the price must come down if they expect me to buy songs to hear them once and throw them in the trash. I will pay $.25 for mediocrity. But they will have to pay me listen to some of their crap.
Your analysis is very interesting, but flawed. The net has a white blood cell called 'the IT department'. This will track down and repair damaged machines and restore them to optimal efficiency. If a machine is damage beyond repair, it is called planned obsolescence, and the second defenced called 'money' is used to buy a new machine or software, which the IT department will adapt to the net, thus perpetuating the cycle of life on the net.
Any true conservative would disagree! We all know that spam is a part of the alien, homosexual clone plot, who have come to colonize our world and contaminate our bodily fluids! I know! My god, turn on the computer and the devil shall appear in the form of Satanic spam linked to lingerie pop-ups... Oh my, I feel kind of funny down below.... IT IS EVIL, and instrument of the devil (and alien homosexual clones), and honest family people are standing up to the spammer perverts. I am sure the spammers will burn in hell, because they cause honest people to accidentally click on pornography links to buy videos with two chicks getting it on or porcelin lawn ornaments with gnomes or little dogs, because spammers form a part of the Axis of Email, and we must launch a pre-emptive strike NOW. We must fight terrorism at any cost, no matter what it costs. There is nothing more un-American than hard core pornography spam except hard core homosexual pornography spam! And I have no idea how they got my email!
this is flame bait, but I don't give a damn.
My first point is that Microsoft can afford to pay for all of my spam costs. I have 2 email addresses, the garbage Hotmail one and my real one. Microsoft will pay to collect my spam for free! Any registration or information request that is remotely sketchy or is open to the public or I don't care about I use the garbage email. I don't get any spam worth mentioning on my real email address.
My second point is that this isn't really that bad a crime, so cops won't care much. This isn't a problem to law enforcement. That makes it difficult for cops to get the infrastructure and social organization ready to do things like fight spam because it needs to be justified. The harder the spammers work, the more they will support and justify the creation of the anti-spam institution, but not by the police. Unlike the police, corporations will go to extreme lengths to save money, whether or not a crime has occured. If AT&T can save $millions by creating the software and hardware to lock out craphole sources from American net space they will do it, irregardless if it is a crime and using any tool they can get away with. A company will tool up to build them a special router. A programmer will write them a program. And they will lean on government to send in the cops and allocate resources and pass laws. Then they will start beating up on the spammers and their supporters, which will include weak minded ISP's. Spam will eventually be stopped because the cost of 'collateral damage' to spam supporting ISP's and infected organizations is too high, as the anti-spam institution builds bigger and better weapons. This is will create a kind of a scorched earth scenario as the spammers and anyone nearby gets blasted, but it will happen if the spammers get any more out of control because it will make sense in terms of dollars, not necessarily right or wrong. And unfortuantely, I am sure innocent people will be hurt...but I don't care about any of that as long as my In-Box is free.
You know how crazy this all sounds. SCO is going to try to take over Linux. WTF?
SCO: We are going to anhilate the open source movement with our profound and far reaching UNIX V IP, the most advanced code ever conceived my man, or GOD himself! Our Unix is the overlord of the Linux Code and therefore rules supreme. We shall harness, NAY enslave, Linux, and it shall do our bidding. We shall be kings...and GODS; immortal and all powerful!
Slashdotter: We will resist your onslaught with our legions of dedicated hackers who number more than drops of water in the ocean. We see with crystal clarity your evil. And with furious and righteous MIGHT...we shall destroy your...puny ship, the Santa Cruz.... as a drop gathers into a bucket into a wave into a tidal wave and bring you all to DESPAIR. And then we shall drag you down to the pit of the ocean and crush the air from your cursed lungs and you shall drown...and then we will laugh! Hahahahahahahahahaha.
SCO: NAY! NAY and NAY again! We are the overlord, puny, in 'sig' nificant wretch.
Slashdotter: I am but one of a legion. We shall be victorious. We accept no master but Linus. Behold our wrath!
Bystander: What the fuck are these people talking about, and who cares anyway. All of this crap is overblown, over dramatized and melodramatic enough to make me puke! As a matter of fact, I am so blown away by the stupidity of this fight I am going to KILL MYSELF. (Bystander pulls out gun. BANG. DEAD)
And this brings me to my point. Stop freaking out every time SCO says something stupid. They are just blowing air out of their ass. A smart person would harvest this vast source of methane and use it as an alternative fuel source to power his car. Don't feed the TROLL.
IANAL, but I would like to say that all lawyers should be beaten and thrown in the stocks.
Let me be the devils advocate here for a second. What if SCO wins a minor victory in court, but loses on all of the major issues, but is nonetheless awarded $10-15 million. What will that mean for Linux?
None of this will stop them from burning in HELL.