If your inability to broadcast on channel 9 means that your local Fox station has a monopoly, then the butcher shop at 108 W. Main has a monopoly since I can't open my own butcher shop at that address.
OK, so can I broadcast on another frequency? Without spending millions of dollars to buy a license? I can't, not without the FCC unleashing agents to shutdown the broadcast. The incumbents have a monopoly on broadcasting.
Your inability to afford a license to broadcast is perhaps a valid criticism of the regulation framework that exists, but it does not mean that there is a monopoly on broadcast television any more than the barriers to entry for pharmacy, including licensing, mean that the place across from my office has a monopoly in the field.
There are no regulations, or laws that I know of, that prevents 10 different people from opening pharmacies in a cluster next to each other. But the FCC will not allow 5 radio or tv stations to broadcast next to each other. Heck the FCC shuts down pirate radio stations even though they do not interfere or bother others. I can broadcast with a 5 watt transmitter and not cause any problems, yet if I continue I'll have a visit by the police if not the FCC.
You really aren't describing a monopoly at all, is the point. You're describing things that may be worth complaining about, but nothing truly exclusive.
They are exclusive. A fox radio station has an exclusive license to broadcast on a given frequency, and only so many broadcasters are allowed within a give area. But by your definition even though courts have ruled MS is a monopoly it is not because there are alternatives to MS software.
OK, I guess I was wrong about attributing the line above as coming from the USA's Founding Fathers. I could not find a reference of it's use before Lincoln used it in the Gettysburg Address of 1863. I guess I expanded the use of "the people", which was used before and during the Revolution as meaning they have rights including the right to overthrow an overbearing government, to the whole quote.
BTW, to twist the entire idea of self-determination around H.L. Mencken argued it was the Confederates who were fighting for the right to self-determination, without offering evidence or logic.
any hospital with a legal or compliance department would be ensuring that any data that would be covered under HIPA would be sujbect to that laws data security standards
"FTP Today considers its services "HIPAA Ready," and proper use of the tools we provide should meet your needs of HIPAA compliance, however you should consult your own attorney in that regard." xTy Technology: "When enabled, the encryption strength of our products meets (exceeds) the HIPAA data encryption requirement.
"FTP Voyager Secure is a fully HIPAA compliant FTP client."
Nowhere in that link did I see info about selling Alpha systems.
Perhaps HP did stop selling them, I see where they say they supplied AlphaServer until 2007. OK, I was wrong. I found this: "HP discontinued production of AlphaServers at the end of April 2007. The production of new options stops in April 2008."
And FX!32 is not an interpreter, it's a dynamic long term caching recompiler. They got it up to 50% native speed, and had headroom for more.
Whatever it was, it was not that good. Of the number of programs I bought I was only able to install one, Borland C++ Powerbuilder, on it. Yes I have an Alpha computer, one of my knees is touching it now.
And the bad name Alphas acquired came from poor support from MS
It was Microsoft's responsibility to make sure software ran on Alphas? Or was that the responsibility of DEC? I admit I trash MS and don't like the company but it's not their responsibility, they had none with regards to Alphas. They didn't even have to release NT4 for Alphas. Now having said that the NT4 Workstation running on my Alpha is the best version of Windows I've ever used and I've used Windows 3.x to XP. Not once did it crash, freeze, or show me the Blue Screen of Death. XP on the other hand froze the first tyme I booted up a PC with it installed. It didn't finish booting so I had to physically turn it off, by holding in the power button.
The proper response to this news is not to push for regulation.
That would be true if cable and phone companies had not been given $200 Billion in subsidies. Conditions, like building out broadband and open access, should be applied.
It is lack of competitive choice for customers.
Agreed, but how many cable, fiber, phone, and power lines can the Easement carry? And how many businesses can muster the finances needed to lay them? The only solution I can see is separating the ownership of the infrastructure from ownership of the services it can deliver.
If you found those interesting the article "First Life and Next Life" in the June issue of Tech Review should be more interesting. I just happened to be reading it when this thread started.
In every other country with a single payer system, you just go to a doctor and get treatment. In most countries you don't even have to fill out any paperwork. And they pay about half of what we do, and have the same life expectancy.
And there is rationing as well as waiting periods. "When Canadian Member of Parliament Belinda Stronach needed breast cancer surgery herself in 2007, she went to a California hospital and paid cash." "When Robert Bourassa, the premier of Quebec, needed cancer treatment, he went to the US to get it."
If Canada's health care is so great why are Canadian members of government coming to the US for surgery?
Meanwhile here in the US I as a student with no insurance had an accident and was Medivaced by helicopter from the accident scene to the hospital. I spent about a month in the hospital, some of that tyme in a coma. I was then transfered to a rehab house where I lived several more weeks. Afterwards I went to the hospital I was originally taken to for therapy twice a week for several more weeks. All together my medical bills, which none of the medical personnel or facilities were guarantied to be paid for, came to more than $120,000. Despite not being able to pay I got all that medical care anyway.
There are some things that cannot operate in a totally free market, like banking, health care, and utilities.
There is no free market in any of those. Banks, if they are federally chartered need to follow Federal Reserve and FDIC regulations. State chartered banks have to follow the regulations of the states they are located in. The biggest mortgage companies implicated in the banking crisis are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and both were created by guess who??? The Government.
There is no free market in health care either, and hasn't been since WWII at least. Back then the government passed laws with price and wage controls. Among them were restrictions on how much businesses could pay employees. they were not allowed to pay more than a set amount. However so employers could attract employees they were given tax breaks for offering benefits such as health insurance. So now, if an employer can afford it, because of the tax breaks it's cheaper to get employer sponsored health insurance than it is to buy your own insurance. That is no free market.
Utilities like power companies are an example of natural monopolies. In many places possible competitors are barred from using the right of way or easement. I could not lay cable, phone, or powerlines in a right of way the incumbent provider uses. So if for example I wanted to start a wind farm and owned the land for it, I could not run my own powerlines in the right of way so I could deliver electricity to those willing to buy it from me. That is no free market.
If there's a free unregulated healthcare market, don't be surprised if you end up with corporations who don't care if children die of leukemia [msn.com] if they can get out of providing care on a technicality.
Ah, competition. If one insurer won't offer good insurance another will. People always complain about the competition of outsourcing but refuse to acknowledge the same thing can drive their own cost down too. To them competition is always bad.
What most people mistake is that when a company buys another company, it's because they have gobs of money that's burning a hole in your pocket.
The problem here is that if ComCast has gobs of money it wants to invest, it should spend it on what the government gave it gobs of money to do, build-out broadband. If they don't want to do that then they can give the taxpayers' money back.
as you get older, the more money you want to make because of various expenses.
As you get older your expenses should go down relative to your income, except maybe health insurance. While your income should continue rising your housing expense, which should be the highest living expense, should stay the same until the mortgage is paid off. If you buy a home when you're 30 and take out a 30 year mortgage then your home should be paid off when you're 60. After that all you have to be concerned about is maintenance and repairs. And maybe remodeling.
Really they do. Where I live channel 9 is a Fox station and I can not broadcast on that frequency. Or any other frequency for TVs, without paying millions of dollars to buy a license, if anyone will sell me theirs.
Since they have to get their broadcast feeds from the networks, it's hard to imagine the networks granting more than one station franchise
That does not matter. I couldn't start broadcasting even if I wanted to make my own shows. Since I used trains and model railroads before I will again. If as a model railroad enthusiast I wanted to start a model railroad channel and broadcast it, I could not legally without a license. Forget the equipment, that's pretty cheap, the cost is in the license. And the scarcity is an artificially imposed one [pdf].
IMHO, we really need to start talking about taking away cable and in some places fiber monopolies.
The Economist, a pro-free-market newsmagazine, proposed something like that recently:
Thanks for the link, I missed that issue.
The "Economist" is a Free market, and liberal (libertarian in the US), publication which is why they may propose that. Cable, and fiber, owned by the same company that offers the service it is capable of is a monopoly and opposes free markets.
Ignoring the long list of foolishness that is your statement about using FTP to transfer confidential and legally protected patient information
Ignoring the rest of your post, an examination of the results of the results of googling ftp encrypted shows FTP can be secure. The first result is Encrypted FTP a secure FTP server and client. I don't know about your medical file but I bet mine could easily consume at least several megabytes, between the typed records (a couple of hundred pages alone), MRIs, CT Scans, and others. I know of no way to send them digitally that is faster than FTP, there might be but I don't know. Actually a few days ago I asked my health care coordinator at my doc's office if she received my medical records yet, which she requested from the hospital a few months ago. I see here again Thursday and ask again, because she didn't know.
Not if that's the only choice for broadband. In most places people do not have a choice whom thy get broadband from. They either get it from a monopoly or they don't get broadband.
If they go over 10%, though, they're throwing money down the drain.
You're missing a key word here, specifically an adjective. That adjective being "taxpayer", which modifies "money". Taxpayers gave cable and phone companies $200 Billion in subsidies to build out broadband. But all these businesses did was pad their bottom lines, line their pockets.
Either they deliver what they were paid for, or they return the money and get out of the way of those who will provide what they refuse to.
Do we then put it on another planet and see if it survives and evolves...
Meteorites, such as the Murchison meteorite have been found with organic matter. It contains amino acids as well as inorganic precursors that the Miller-Urey experiment proved could produce organic compounds.
Ah but Lincoln didn't declare independence or use "the people" first, the Founding Fathers did while they were still alive.
It's all besides the point. Nothing you have presented disagrees with what I said. At best, there was a 13 year difference in the 100 years which does not disprove anything I said in context.
To be "DNA" doesn't it need to be able to self-replicate or something like that? Given the appropriate raw materials, will the DNA chips self-replicate and expand themselves?
DNA can and does both self assemble and self replicate. I'm reading an article in "Tech review" on this subject, "First Life and Next Life". In experiments the author showed that the, artificial, DNA could also evolve.
I, for one, look forward to welcoming our bio-nano-tech overlords
I doubt it will happen in my lifetime but I'd like to see when either nanotechnology or Neurogenesis can repair damaged brains. I survived a Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, and I'd be in line as a test subject.
Either that, or be in line to transplant one of Marvin's brains.
The "of the people" refers to being constituted of citizens and not kings or corporations across the ocean or dictators of foreign lands as was the case in the US before our independence.
Before independence, which was 87 years, "Four score and seven year", before Lincoln's address.
The "by the people" means that we as citizens elect our leaders
George Washington was elected and assumed the office of the president of the USA in 1789, more than 70 years before the Gettysburg Address.
The "for the people" is that we give our representatives the power to represent us and make decisions on our behalf
Again we go back to when Washington was elected and congress was given power to represent us.
All of those "people" existed in 1789. Thomas Jefferson wrote of the right of the people to overthrow government in the "Declaration Of Independence" which was signed in 1776. I can understand if you're not American but if you are then education failed you.
HP still sells Alphas. Actually though I think DEC damaged Alphas with poor marketing, and a shitty interpretor, FX!32.
Mickeysoft is just giving them some headroom, you think, they ain't on a leash?
No, I don't think HP is on MS's leash. MS got away with playing hardball during the Bush years, the Clinton Department of Justice had them on the ropes, but they can't count on being able to continue. MS also still has the EU hanging over them.
Not that I don't wish they wouldn't try to play hardball aqain, I supported the original judge's verdict and believe MS should have been broken up into 2 if not 3 different businesses. If MS did maybe they would broken up.
No, you don't have to build anything. You just get 35 multiple guess questions concerning regulations and extremely basic electronics. There are practice tests at QRZ.com. That's are I did for preparation, and I probably could have done without.
Boy, they really changed the rules for getting an amateur radio license. When I checked years ago applicants had to be able to do, I think for a basic license, 20 words per minute in Morse code and be able to build a radio. Back then I had a friend attending the college I went to who taught classes for a local ham radio club to get a license. Maybe I'll go ahead and see if I can find a local group to join.
Slashdot Mirror
If your inability to broadcast on channel 9 means that your local Fox station has a monopoly, then the butcher shop at 108 W. Main has a monopoly since I can't open my own butcher shop at that address.
OK, so can I broadcast on another frequency? Without spending millions of dollars to buy a license? I can't, not without the FCC unleashing agents to shutdown the broadcast. The incumbents have a monopoly on broadcasting.
Your inability to afford a license to broadcast is perhaps a valid criticism of the regulation framework that exists, but it does not mean that there is a monopoly on broadcast television any more than the barriers to entry for pharmacy, including licensing, mean that the place across from my office has a monopoly in the field.
There are no regulations, or laws that I know of, that prevents 10 different people from opening pharmacies in a cluster next to each other. But the FCC will not allow 5 radio or tv stations to broadcast next to each other. Heck the FCC shuts down pirate radio stations even though they do not interfere or bother others. I can broadcast with a 5 watt transmitter and not cause any problems, yet if I continue I'll have a visit by the police if not the FCC.
You really aren't describing a monopoly at all, is the point. You're describing things that may be worth complaining about, but nothing truly exclusive.
They are exclusive. A fox radio station has an exclusive license to broadcast on a given frequency, and only so many broadcasters are allowed within a give area. But by your definition even though courts have ruled MS is a monopoly it is not because there are alternatives to MS software.
Falcon
OK, I guess I was wrong about attributing the line above as coming from the USA's Founding Fathers. I could not find a reference of it's use before Lincoln used it in the Gettysburg Address of 1863. I guess I expanded the use of "the people", which was used before and during the Revolution as meaning they have rights including the right to overthrow an overbearing government, to the whole quote.
BTW, to twist the entire idea of self-determination around H.L. Mencken argued it was the Confederates who were fighting for the right to self-determination, without offering evidence or logic.
Falcon
any hospital with a legal or compliance department would be ensuring that any data that would be covered under HIPA would be sujbect to that laws data security standards
"FTP Today considers its services "HIPAA Ready," and proper use of the tools we provide should meet your needs of HIPAA compliance, however you should consult your own attorney in that regard."
xTy Technology: "When enabled, the encryption strength of our products meets (exceeds) the HIPAA data encryption requirement.
"FTP Voyager Secure is a fully HIPAA compliant FTP client."
Falcon
Nowhere in that link did I see info about selling Alpha systems.
Perhaps HP did stop selling them, I see where they say they supplied AlphaServer until 2007. OK, I was wrong. I found this: "HP discontinued production of AlphaServers at the end of April 2007. The production of new options stops in April 2008."
And FX!32 is not an interpreter, it's a dynamic long term caching recompiler. They got it up to 50% native speed, and had headroom for more.
Whatever it was, it was not that good. Of the number of programs I bought I was only able to install one, Borland C++ Powerbuilder, on it. Yes I have an Alpha computer, one of my knees is touching it now.
And the bad name Alphas acquired came from poor support from MS
It was Microsoft's responsibility to make sure software ran on Alphas? Or was that the responsibility of DEC? I admit I trash MS and don't like the company but it's not their responsibility, they had none with regards to Alphas. They didn't even have to release NT4 for Alphas. Now having said that the NT4 Workstation running on my Alpha is the best version of Windows I've ever used and I've used Windows 3.x to XP. Not once did it crash, freeze, or show me the Blue Screen of Death. XP on the other hand froze the first tyme I booted up a PC with it installed. It didn't finish booting so I had to physically turn it off, by holding in the power button.
Falcon
Would it have been any better if she had the urge to follow bank courier trucks
That is a straw man, as is the rest.
Falcon
The proper response to this news is not to push for regulation.
That would be true if cable and phone companies had not been given $200 Billion in subsidies. Conditions, like building out broadband and open access, should be applied.
It is lack of competitive choice for customers.
Agreed, but how many cable, fiber, phone, and power lines can the Easement carry? And how many businesses can muster the finances needed to lay them? The only solution I can see is separating the ownership of the infrastructure from ownership of the services it can deliver.
Falcon
If you found those interesting the article "First Life and Next Life" in the June issue of Tech Review should be more interesting. I just happened to be reading it when this thread started.
Falcon
In every other country with a single payer system, you just go to a doctor and get treatment. In most countries you don't even have to fill out any paperwork. And they pay about half of what we do, and have the same life expectancy.
And there is rationing as well as waiting periods. "When Canadian Member of Parliament Belinda Stronach needed breast cancer surgery herself in 2007, she went to a California hospital and paid cash." "When Robert Bourassa, the premier of Quebec, needed cancer treatment, he went to the US to get it."
If Canada's health care is so great why are Canadian members of government coming to the US for surgery?
Meanwhile here in the US I as a student with no insurance had an accident and was Medivaced by helicopter from the accident scene to the hospital. I spent about a month in the hospital, some of that tyme in a coma. I was then transfered to a rehab house where I lived several more weeks. Afterwards I went to the hospital I was originally taken to for therapy twice a week for several more weeks. All together my medical bills, which none of the medical personnel or facilities were guarantied to be paid for, came to more than $120,000. Despite not being able to pay I got all that medical care anyway.
Falcon
There are some things that cannot operate in a totally free market, like banking, health care, and utilities.
There is no free market in any of those. Banks, if they are federally chartered need to follow Federal Reserve and FDIC regulations. State chartered banks have to follow the regulations of the states they are located in. The biggest mortgage companies implicated in the banking crisis are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and both were created by guess who??? The Government.
There is no free market in health care either, and hasn't been since WWII at least. Back then the government passed laws with price and wage controls. Among them were restrictions on how much businesses could pay employees. they were not allowed to pay more than a set amount. However so employers could attract employees they were given tax breaks for offering benefits such as health insurance. So now, if an employer can afford it, because of the tax breaks it's cheaper to get employer sponsored health insurance than it is to buy your own insurance. That is no free market.
Utilities like power companies are an example of natural monopolies. In many places possible competitors are barred from using the right of way or easement. I could not lay cable, phone, or powerlines in a right of way the incumbent provider uses. So if for example I wanted to start a wind farm and owned the land for it, I could not run my own powerlines in the right of way so I could deliver electricity to those willing to buy it from me. That is no free market.
If there's a free unregulated healthcare market, don't be surprised if you end up with corporations who don't care if children die of leukemia [msn.com] if they can get out of providing care on a technicality.
Ah, competition. If one insurer won't offer good insurance another will. People always complain about the competition of outsourcing but refuse to acknowledge the same thing can drive their own cost down too. To them competition is always bad.
Falcon
What most people mistake is that when a company buys another company, it's because they have gobs of money that's burning a hole in your pocket.
The problem here is that if ComCast has gobs of money it wants to invest, it should spend it on what the government gave it gobs of money to do, build-out broadband. If they don't want to do that then they can give the taxpayers' money back.
as you get older, the more money you want to make because of various expenses.
As you get older your expenses should go down relative to your income, except maybe health insurance. While your income should continue rising your housing expense, which should be the highest living expense, should stay the same until the mortgage is paid off. If you buy a home when you're 30 and take out a 30 year mortgage then your home should be paid off when you're 60. After that all you have to be concerned about is maintenance and repairs. And maybe remodeling.
Falcon
really
Really they do. Where I live channel 9 is a Fox station and I can not broadcast on that frequency. Or any other frequency for TVs, without paying millions of dollars to buy a license, if anyone will sell me theirs.
Since they have to get their broadcast feeds from the networks, it's hard to imagine the networks granting more than one station franchise
That does not matter. I couldn't start broadcasting even if I wanted to make my own shows. Since I used trains and model railroads before I will again. If as a model railroad enthusiast I wanted to start a model railroad channel and broadcast it, I could not legally without a license. Forget the equipment, that's pretty cheap, the cost is in the license. And the scarcity is an artificially imposed one [pdf].
Falcon
IMHO, we really need to start talking about taking away cable and in some places fiber monopolies.
The Economist, a pro-free-market newsmagazine, proposed something like that recently:
Thanks for the link, I missed that issue.
The "Economist" is a Free market, and liberal (libertarian in the US), publication which is why they may propose that. Cable, and fiber, owned by the same company that offers the service it is capable of is a monopoly and opposes free markets.
Falcon
Ignoring the long list of foolishness that is your statement about using FTP to transfer confidential and legally protected patient information
Ignoring the rest of your post, an examination of the results of the results of googling ftp encrypted shows FTP can be secure. The first result is Encrypted FTP a secure FTP server and client. I don't know about your medical file but I bet mine could easily consume at least several megabytes, between the typed records (a couple of hundred pages alone), MRIs, CT Scans, and others. I know of no way to send them digitally that is faster than FTP, there might be but I don't know. Actually a few days ago I asked my health care coordinator at my doc's office if she received my medical records yet, which she requested from the hospital a few months ago. I see here again Thursday and ask again, because she didn't know.
Falcon
their service will suck and customers will flee.
Not if that's the only choice for broadband. In most places people do not have a choice whom thy get broadband from. They either get it from a monopoly or they don't get broadband.
If they go over 10%, though, they're throwing money down the drain.
You're missing a key word here, specifically an adjective. That adjective being "taxpayer", which modifies "money". Taxpayers gave cable and phone companies $200 Billion in subsidies to build out broadband. But all these businesses did was pad their bottom lines, line their pockets.
Either they deliver what they were paid for, or they return the money and get out of the way of those who will provide what they refuse to.
Falcon
Yikes, what the fuck hospitals and doctors do you work for?
Can we say major HIPAA violation? Clear text passwords, no data encryption for EMR?!?
FTP can be encrypted.
Falcon
f it is Bill's or Steve's DNA I think we should burn the lab to the ground! Get your torches and pitchforks!?!?
Which Steve? Ballmer? Jobs? Or the Woz?
Falcon
I want to be able to carry it with me. It's a plus if I can have one that I control implanted.
Falcon
I foresee a bunch of very angry and utterly confused "life starts at DNA" people.
If "life" means being able to reproduce then because RNA can self replicate the quote needs to be "life starts at DNA or RNA".
Falcon
DNA is already self replicable.
Do we then put it on another planet and see if it survives and evolves...
Meteorites, such as the Murchison meteorite have been found with organic matter. It contains amino acids as well as inorganic precursors that the Miller-Urey experiment proved could produce organic compounds.
Falcon
It was well after the founders were dead.
Ah but Lincoln didn't declare independence or use "the people" first, the Founding Fathers did while they were still alive.
It's all besides the point. Nothing you have presented disagrees with what I said. At best, there was a 13 year difference in the 100 years which does not disprove anything I said in context.
It all disagrees with what you said, which was "That of, by and for, doesn't mean what you think it means. Never did and was never brought up until 100 years after the founding of the country." I realize now that because I did not include that in my reply to that post of yours you may of been confused, and I apologize, but you were in fact wrong when you said the above quote. "The People" was used before Lincoln was even born.
I can understand how public education has failed you
Failed you, in addition/subtraction, history, and vocabulary.
Falcon
To be "DNA" doesn't it need to be able to self-replicate or something like that? Given the appropriate raw materials, will the DNA chips self-replicate and expand themselves?
DNA can and does both self assemble and self replicate. I'm reading an article in "Tech review" on this subject, "First Life and Next Life". In experiments the author showed that the, artificial, DNA could also evolve.
Falcon
I, for one, look forward to welcoming our bio-nano-tech overlords
I doubt it will happen in my lifetime but I'd like to see when either nanotechnology or Neurogenesis can repair damaged brains. I survived a Traumatic Brain Injury, TBI, and I'd be in line as a test subject.
Either that, or be in line to transplant one of Marvin's brains.
Falcon
The "of the people" refers to being constituted of citizens and not kings or corporations across the ocean or dictators of foreign lands as was the case in the US before our independence.
Before independence, which was 87 years, "Four score and seven year", before Lincoln's address.
The "by the people" means that we as citizens elect our leaders
George Washington was elected and assumed the office of the president of the USA in 1789, more than 70 years before the Gettysburg Address.
The "for the people" is that we give our representatives the power to represent us and make decisions on our behalf
Again we go back to when Washington was elected and congress was given power to represent us.
All of those "people" existed in 1789. Thomas Jefferson wrote of the right of the people to overthrow government in the "Declaration Of Independence" which was signed in 1776. I can understand if you're not American but if you are then education failed you.
Falcon
HP still sells Alphas. Actually though I think DEC damaged Alphas with poor marketing, and a shitty interpretor, FX!32.
Mickeysoft is just giving them some headroom, you think, they ain't on a leash?
No, I don't think HP is on MS's leash. MS got away with playing hardball during the Bush years, the Clinton Department of Justice had them on the ropes, but they can't count on being able to continue. MS also still has the EU hanging over them.
Not that I don't wish they wouldn't try to play hardball aqain, I supported the original judge's verdict and believe MS should have been broken up into 2 if not 3 different businesses. If MS did maybe they would broken up.
Falcon
No, you don't have to build anything. You just get 35 multiple guess questions concerning regulations and extremely basic electronics. There are practice tests at QRZ.com. That's are I did for preparation, and I probably could have done without.
Boy, they really changed the rules for getting an amateur radio license. When I checked years ago applicants had to be able to do, I think for a basic license, 20 words per minute in Morse code and be able to build a radio. Back then I had a friend attending the college I went to who taught classes for a local ham radio club to get a license. Maybe I'll go ahead and see if I can find a local group to join.
Falcon