including the overhead of the other layers, VoIP requires only ~120kbps.
Never fear - Pedantic Man is here!
A better estimate would be 167 kbps.
Since anyone listening to Pedantic Man will surely want an explanation, here it is.
Assuming a rather typical VOIP scenario with call signaling via SIP and media traffic chunked into 20 ms pieces and sent via RTP packets transported over UDP:
There will only be a few SIP packets per call, and they are not very large, so even Pedantic Man is willing to ignore their impact on bandwidth.
G.711 itself requires 8000 bytes / second. This comes to 160 bytes per 20 ms packet. After the RTP and UDP overhead is added, each 20 ms packet will be 214 bytes. There will be
There are many non-profits dedicated to serving youth in various ways. Most are constantly underfunded and, as a result, have inadequate web presence and tech infrastructure.
I haven't seen it mentioned yet in this thread, but I think it's important to note that in addition to giving near 100% protection against 2 strains of HPV responsible for ~75% of all cervical cancers, this vaccine also gives near 100% protection for 2 additional strains of HPV responsible for approximately 90% of all cases of genital warts. So there's a reason for guys to get vaccinated too, although if you're a guy in the US, good luck finding someplace willing to vaccinate you.
I haven't seen it mentioned yet in this thread, but I think it's important to note that in addition to giving near 100% protection against 2 strains of HPV responsible for ~75% of all cervical cancers, this vaccine also gives near 100% protection for 2 additional strains of HPV responsible for approximately 90% of all cases of genital warts. So there's a reason for guys to get vaccinated too, although if you're a guy in the US, good luck finding someplace willing to vaccinate you.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
August 14, 2001 | vol. 98 | no. 17 | 9830-9835
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/17/9830
It seems to cover everything mentioned in the "Australian" article.
Since it's 32 pages long, I won't tell you to RTFA. I didn't read all of it either, but here's a relevant snippet I found while skimming the article.
Besides having a great feature set, the Areca ARC-1120 and its family members enjoy excellent driver support. For Microsoft operating systems, Areca supports Windows 2000 and higher, including drivers for the upcoming x64-versions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. Driver packages are available for the Linux based Mandrake, Red Hat, Red Hat Advanced Server, Fedore core, SuSe and SuSE Linux Enterprise Server operating systems, in addition to the source code for each of these. FreeBSD versions 4.2, 4.4 and 5.2 are supported, and driver source code is available for those as well.
Actually boiling is a key part of producing ethanol from corn. The fermented corn mash will only end up with an alcohol content of around 20% max. The mash must then be distilled to further purify the alcohol. I suspect that in most cases, the energy for boiling comes originally from fossil fuels.
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Plasma != LED LCD
including the overhead of the other layers, VoIP requires only ~120kbps.
Never fear - Pedantic Man is here!
A better estimate would be 167 kbps.
Since anyone listening to Pedantic Man will surely want an explanation, here it is.
Assuming a rather typical VOIP scenario with call signaling via SIP and media traffic chunked into 20 ms pieces and sent via RTP packets transported over UDP:
There will only be a few SIP packets per call, and they are not very large, so even Pedantic Man is willing to ignore their impact on bandwidth.
G.711 itself requires 8000 bytes / second. This comes to 160 bytes per 20 ms packet. After the RTP and UDP overhead is added, each 20 ms packet will be 214 bytes. There will be
214 bytes * 8 bits/byte * 50 packets/sec * 2 directions = 171200 bits / second
(171200 bits / second) / (1024 bits / kb) = 167.1875 kbps
There are many non-profits dedicated to serving youth in various ways. Most are constantly underfunded and, as a result, have inadequate web presence and tech infrastructure.
Personally, I volunteer as the default sysadmin and assistant web guy for a north Georgia summer camp. For the first time this summer, we will also have a summer camp for children whose parents have or have had cancer. More help is always welcome!
A few more interesting tidbits:
-- At least 80% of women will have been infected by at least one strain of genital HPV by the time they reach 50 years of age.
-- Condoms are only about 70% effective at preventing HPV transmission
-- In 2007, approximately 11,150 cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, and about 3,670 women will die from the disease. For comparison, seatbelts saved 13,274 lives in 2001 in the US.
-- Somewhere near 10% of people have had visible genital warts. These people may still be able to transmit the virus after the warts are gone.
-- HPV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during birth, so it is even possible to get HPV from a virgin.
-- The HPV vaccine does not contain thimerosal/mercury.
A few more interesting tidbits:
-- At least 80% of women will have been infected by at least one strain of genital HPV by the time they reach 50 years of age.
-- Condoms are only about 70% effective at preventing HPV transmission
-- In 2007, approximately 11,150 cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, and about 3,670 women will die from the disease. For comparison, seatbelts saved 13,274 lives in 2001 in the US.
-- Somewhere near 10% of people have had visible genital warts. These people may still be able to transmit the virus after the warts are gone.
-- HPV can be transmitted from a mother to baby during birth, so it is even possible to get HPV from a virgin.
-- The HPV vaccine does not contain thimerosal/mercury.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA August 14, 2001 | vol. 98 | no. 17 | 9830-9835 http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/17/9830 It seems to cover everything mentioned in the "Australian" article.
So when it all boils down.
Actually boiling is a key part of producing ethanol from corn. The fermented corn mash will only end up with an alcohol content of around 20% max. The mash must then be distilled to further purify the alcohol. I suspect that in most cases, the energy for boiling comes originally from fossil fuels.