Fuel: 95% non fissionable uranium. 5% - 6% fissionable. Spent fuel: 95% non fissionable uranium, 2% - 3 % fissionable uranium, 2% - 3% decay products of the already 'burned' uranium. Conclusion: it is mathematically and physically impossible to reuse 90% of the 'spent fuel'. Go back to school, idiot.
The alternative is to use a nuclear reactor which works regardless of the actinides being there or not. Namely the Generation IV fast reactors that I mentioned above. Non of them are right now in operation. And they don't change the basic math above anyway. They only shift the numbers a bit more in this way or in that way. Facepalm.
There are actually not enough interesting languages so you can learn one per year. I 'can prolog' but I never grasped how to solve a problem in Prolog without my programs looking like pascal.
I understand every prolog problem/solution I see, but simply don't grasp how to come from the problem to the solution. I mean simple stuff like the wolf, sheep, salad problem. How to express that in Prolog I know, but how to come to that idea/solution I don't know,
I never saw a 10k line Prolog program by the way. The biggest I worked with (writing support code in C/C++) was about 1k or a little but more.
Arguing than Spanish's word order is better than German's isn't going to help you solve any problems nor is screaming at the Germans in Spanish to "just learn Spanish". The word order is actually the same, as in basically all european languages. However, at least in german, some languages offer to change it as the question what is subject and what is object is determined by articles (I doubt Spanish is one of them)
Cadmium, Lead and the other stuff you are freaking out about are 'metals'!!!!!
You simply heat what ever you want to recycle and then one metal after the other is melting (like ice in a glass of your favourite drink).
We do that since about 6000 before christ, I really wonder how dumb you are and why there are idiots that are even dumber and mod you +4 informative.
You should really consider to let more foreign workers into your country, the IQ or knowledge level seems to be absurdly low in the 'ingenious' population.
You can either deposit 'spent fuel' and consider it 'waste'... Or you can reprocess it. Regaining about 50% of it as new fuel (so you need an extra 50% from elsewhere) and produce about 100 times more waste than the original idea of depositing had. Perhaps you should google what the word 'reprocessing' means and how it works?
That are not the cells the article is about, and I'm not aware that Perov cells escaped the research labs meanwhile. On the other hand: those cells include so much lead that you would be an idiot if you would not recycle them (even with the abundance of lead, it is still a valuable metal)
However, lead and other toxic heavy metals may be necessary to be released during the overall production processes used to create the solar panels Erm... no? Why would you use/need lead in a process producing silicon PV cells? And if you would need/use lead, why would you 'release' it?
so the production process can be said to include or contain these waste materials. Erm, no?
There are people living today with plutonium in their bodies Yes, from the nuckear test sides in Nevada etc. They die a horribble death by leukemia and bonce cancer.
Plutonium is basically the most deadly stuff on the planet, there are only a few more deadly things.
The deadly dose if you get it in your body are basically dust particles, a few micrograms per kg of body weight.
Why you are such an idiot is beyond me. Perhaos you read to many spy stories and take stuff like 'Pollonium can be flushed down the toilett and is then non detectable after a few days" literally? Sorry... to really write such nonsense you don't had bad teachers in school but you simply are an idiot.
reactors. These reactors can also produce plutonium-238, for more deep space probes like Voyager. Voyager and similar probes in future are not running on nuclear reactors. They are running on so called RTG.
If you got hammered by pollution ideas regarding PV cells since grade school,you should perhaps have a harsh word with your teachers instead of spreading this disinformation further.
It is actually quite disheartening that you still spread this bullshit on a daily basis when you got disproved here on/. since month about this topic.
You can not recycle nuclear fuel and burn it further. How do you come to that stupid idea?
In theory you could, by 'enriching' the burned fuel, but that actually means throwing away half of the not burn able uranium.
Normal fuel is 'enriched' to about 5% - 6% fissionable uranium. The rest is non fissionable uranium (95%) As soon as more or less half of that fissionable uranium is 'spent' the fuel rods needs to be replaced.
To 'recycle' them to be working again, you need to _remove_ half of the above mentioned 95% of non fissionable uranium. And throw it away. And then you have to add a fresh bunch of more fuel to put it back into a reactor.
Recycling/reprocessing only makes sense when you need the plutonium in the spent fuel. Otherwise it just produces an absurd amount of waste for nothing.
Claiming a potential operational lifespan of PV cells in the centuries cannot be backed with actual evidence. That is why we have laws of physic. For most things in life you don't need any evidence but simply an understanding how physics work. PC cells hold basically indefinitely after they have degraded to their 'settled efficiency'. Everyone but you knows that, so you need evidence and we facepalm about you.
If you want to recycle PV cells, you simply heat them up. First the lead will melt, if there is any. Then copper. And in the long end silicium (which is 99% of the PV cell)
Why are you repeating this nonsense about PV cells not being recyclable and being dangerous? I gave you enough links and explanations that you are an idiot to believe they are a) dangerous and b) not recycleable.
What exactly do you want to recycle from 300 year old atomic waste is beyond me btw...
whereas spent nuclear fuel is quite difficult and dangerous to work with and there is no real east way to recycle spent nuclear waste. Well, it usually is recycled into anti tank rounds for the A10 Gatling gun, or anti tank ammunition for hu hom, tanks. In Germany we use Wolfram instead.
and assumed they would all be retired in 25 years Ã" the average lifespan of a solar panel. Considering that a solar panel usually comes with a 30 years warranty, it is absurd to assume its _average_ live span is only 25 years.
Gallium Arsenide cells, e.g. have the Arsen inside of the 'gallium glass', there is no real way for it to get out. OTOH you simply can/should recycle them instead of depositing them somewhere.
Your Wikipedia article is a summary about various technologies. The main technology used is Silicium, so: no again, no dangerous materials included. Considering that they are basically 'glass' everything 'inside' can not really get out easily anyway.
So that leaves CdTe (Cadmium Tellerium) based thin film cells.
If you throw that on a land fill you are an idiot. The Tellerium in those is worth a furtune.
Standard solar panels are made from Silicium, like computer chips. They don't contain any of the elements mentioned. In rare cases the copper conducts on them, might have a thin layer of lead below. Bottom line they are meant to be recycled and not to be dropped on a land fill. So there is no issue anyway.
Who publishes such nonsense studies? What is next? The oil in an old car is a hazard to the environment if you just drop the car into a river?
In small companies people _work_ on friday. In big companies, software developers usually have free, or half a day free. And honestly, there are two kinds of open source projects: those that are relatively easy from a functionality point of few, but the code is utter mess (like lucine) and those that are far beyond of the capabilities of a random developer. I for my part grant them the free day. OS should be developed by enthusiasts, not by 'force'.
3 slices of bread cover the demand of salt for your body a whole day. Well, that is what I was told... never checked it:D I only put salt on tomatoes (because they are no so bad you actually should not eat them) and on cucumber. Hm, and in rare cases on french fries.
Most food simply has to much salt. E.g. a tin can of "insert random food".
But that rose salt is kinda funny, reminds me at a kind of lame joke, more funny in german I think: "Look, the use-by date of this package of Himalaya salt is about to expire!" 'Oh, WTF, I did not pay attention when I bought it last week:-(' "Yeah, makes me wonder how they do that. The salt was perfectly fine for the last few million years in the Himalaya. And now they barely manage to get it into the shop in time before it expires"
Slashdot Mirror
That does not change the fact that silicon based PV cells don't contain any heavy metals ...
Fuel: 95% non fissionable uranium. 5% - 6% fissionable.
Spent fuel: 95% non fissionable uranium, 2% - 3 % fissionable uranium, 2% - 3% decay products of the already 'burned' uranium.
Conclusion: it is mathematically and physically impossible to reuse 90% of the 'spent fuel'.
Go back to school, idiot.
The alternative is to use a nuclear reactor which works regardless of the actinides being there or not. Namely the Generation IV fast reactors that I mentioned above.
Non of them are right now in operation. And they don't change the basic math above anyway. They only shift the numbers a bit more in this way or in that way. Facepalm.
Are we talking about theoretical reactors or the reactors actually running right now? ...
Facepalm
Somehow sad ...
There are actually not enough interesting languages so you can learn one per year.
I 'can prolog' but I never grasped how to solve a problem in Prolog without my programs looking like pascal.
I understand every prolog problem/solution I see, but simply don't grasp how to come from the problem to the solution.
I mean simple stuff like the wolf, sheep, salad problem. How to express that in Prolog I know, but how to come to that idea/solution I don't know,
I never saw a 10k line Prolog program by the way. The biggest I worked with (writing support code in C/C++) was about 1k or a little but more.
Arguing than Spanish's word order is better than German's isn't going to help you solve any problems nor is screaming at the Germans in Spanish to "just learn Spanish".
The word order is actually the same, as in basically all european languages.
However, at least in german, some languages offer to change it as the question what is subject and what is object is determined by articles (I doubt Spanish is one of them)
I guess it is a culture thing again. ... I hate its syntax.
In Germany(Europe?) there is basically no demand for Ruby.
Luckily
Cadmium, Lead and the other stuff you are freaking out about are 'metals'!!!!!
You simply heat what ever you want to recycle and then one metal after the other is melting (like ice in a glass of your favourite drink).
We do that since about 6000 before christ, I really wonder how dumb you are and why there are idiots that are even dumber and mod you +4 informative.
You should really consider to let more foreign workers into your country, the IQ or knowledge level seems to be absurdly low in the 'ingenious' population.
You can either deposit 'spent fuel' and consider it 'waste' ...
Or you can reprocess it. Regaining about 50% of it as new fuel (so you need an extra 50% from elsewhere) and produce about 100 times more waste than the original idea of depositing had.
Perhaps you should google what the word 'reprocessing' means and how it works?
That are not the cells the article is about, and I'm not aware that Perov cells escaped the research labs meanwhile.
On the other hand: those cells include so much lead that you would be an idiot if you would not recycle them (even with the abundance of lead, it is still a valuable metal)
However, lead and other toxic heavy metals may be necessary to be released during the overall production processes used to create the solar panels ... no?
Erm
Why would you use/need lead in a process producing silicon PV cells?
And if you would need/use lead, why would you 'release' it?
so the production process can be said to include or contain these waste materials.
Erm, no?
There are people living today with plutonium in their bodies
Yes, from the nuckear test sides in Nevada etc.
They die a horribble death by leukemia and bonce cancer.
Plutonium is basically the most deadly stuff on the planet, there are only a few more deadly things.
The deadly dose if you get it in your body are basically dust particles, a few micrograms per kg of body weight.
Why you are such an idiot is beyond me. Perhaos you read to many spy stories and take stuff like 'Pollonium can be flushed down the toilett and is then non detectable after a few days" literally? Sorry ... to really write such nonsense you don't had bad teachers in school but you simply are an idiot.
reactors. These reactors can also produce plutonium-238, for more deep space probes like Voyager.
Voyager and similar probes in future are not running on nuclear reactors. They are running on so called RTG.
If you got hammered by pollution ideas regarding PV cells since grade school,you should perhaps have a harsh word with your teachers instead of spreading this disinformation further.
It is actually quite disheartening that you still spread this bullshit on a daily basis when you got disproved here on /. since month about this topic.
You can not recycle nuclear fuel and burn it further.
How do you come to that stupid idea?
In theory you could, by 'enriching' the burned fuel, but that actually means throwing away half of the not burn able uranium.
Normal fuel is 'enriched' to about 5% - 6% fissionable uranium. The rest is non fissionable uranium (95%)
As soon as more or less half of that fissionable uranium is 'spent' the fuel rods needs to be replaced.
To 'recycle' them to be working again, you need to _remove_ half of the above mentioned 95% of non fissionable uranium. And throw it away.
And then you have to add a fresh bunch of more fuel to put it back into a reactor.
Recycling/reprocessing only makes sense when you need the plutonium in the spent fuel. Otherwise it just produces an absurd amount of waste for nothing.
And the degrading is slowing down over the course of the years and stops after about 10-15 years, so what exactly is your point?
Claiming a potential operational lifespan of PV cells in the centuries cannot be backed with actual evidence.
That is why we have laws of physic.
For most things in life you don't need any evidence but simply an understanding how physics work.
PC cells hold basically indefinitely after they have degraded to their 'settled efficiency'.
Everyone but you knows that, so you need evidence and we facepalm about you.
How exactly do you plan to 'burn' a silicon based PV cell?
And for what purpose?
Don't sell me bullshit and expect me to eat it.
Eating the waste of a coal plant you probably survive.
Eating the waste of a nuclear plant not.
What bullshit are you talking about exactly?
If you want to recycle PV cells, you simply heat them up.
First the lead will melt, if there is any.
Then copper.
And in the long end silicium (which is 99% of the PV cell)
Why are you repeating this nonsense about PV cells not being recyclable and being dangerous? I gave you enough links and explanations that you are an idiot to believe they are a) dangerous and b) not recycleable.
What exactly do you want to recycle from 300 year old atomic waste is beyond me btw ...
You are an idiot.
For what would the lead be good for?
Hu?
whereas spent nuclear fuel is quite difficult and dangerous to work with and there is no real east way to recycle spent nuclear waste.
Well, it usually is recycled into anti tank rounds for the A10 Gatling gun, or anti tank ammunition for hu hom, tanks.
In Germany we use Wolfram instead.
and assumed they would all be retired in 25 years Ã" the average lifespan of a solar panel.
Considering that a solar panel usually comes with a 30 years warranty, it is absurd to assume its _average_ live span is only 25 years.
Actually, no.
Gallium Arsenide cells, e.g. have the Arsen inside of the 'gallium glass', there is no real way for it to get out.
OTOH you simply can/should recycle them instead of depositing them somewhere.
Your Wikipedia article is a summary about various technologies. The main technology used is Silicium, so: no again, no dangerous materials included. Considering that they are basically 'glass' everything 'inside' can not really get out easily anyway.
So that leaves CdTe (Cadmium Tellerium) based thin film cells.
If you throw that on a land fill you are an idiot. The Tellerium in those is worth a furtune.
Standard solar panels are made from Silicium, like computer chips.
They don't contain any of the elements mentioned.
In rare cases the copper conducts on them, might have a thin layer of lead below.
Bottom line they are meant to be recycled and not to be dropped on a land fill.
So there is no issue anyway.
Who publishes such nonsense studies? What is next? The oil in an old car is a hazard to the environment if you just drop the car into a river?
In small companies people _work_ on friday.
In big companies, software developers usually have free, or half a day free.
And honestly, there are two kinds of open source projects: those that are relatively easy from a functionality point of few, but the code is utter mess (like lucine) and those that are far beyond of the capabilities of a random developer.
I for my part grant them the free day.
OS should be developed by enthusiasts, not by 'force'.
3 slices of bread cover the demand of salt for your body a whole day. ... never checked it :D
Well, that is what I was told
I only put salt on tomatoes (because they are no so bad you actually should not eat them) and on cucumber. Hm, and in rare cases on french fries.
Most food simply has to much salt. E.g. a tin can of "insert random food".
But that rose salt is kinda funny, reminds me at a kind of lame joke, more funny in german I think: :-('
"Look, the use-by date of this package of Himalaya salt is about to expire!"
'Oh, WTF, I did not pay attention when I bought it last week
"Yeah, makes me wonder how they do that. The salt was perfectly fine for the last few million years in the Himalaya. And now they barely manage to get it into the shop in time before it expires"