Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (and, by extension, the general theory) very explicitly permits a kind of time dilation that would ordinarily be called time travel. The theory holds that, relative to a stationary observer, time appears to pass more slowly for faster-moving bodies: for example, a moving clock will appear to run slow; as a clock approaches the speed of light its hands will appear to nearly stop moving. The effects of this sort of time dilation are discussed in the popular "twin paradox" which asks the question, "If two twins are moving relative to each other, they will each appear to the other to have aged more slowly. But when they reunite, how can each twin be younger than the other?"
A second, similar type of time travel is permitted by general relativity, where a distant observer sees time passing more slowly for a clock at the bottom of a deep gravity well, and a clock of an object lowered into a deep gravity well and pulled back up will indicate that less time has passed than the distant observer's clock. However, these effects allow "time travel" only toward the future: never backward. This is not typical of the "time travel" featured in science fiction, and there is little doubt surrounding its existence. "Time travel" will hereafter refer to travel with some degree of freedom into the past or future.
If one were able to move information or matter from one point to another faster than light, then according to special relativity, there would be an observer who sees this transfer as allowing information or matter to travel into the past. Additionally, faster than light travel along suitable paths would correspond to travel backward in time as seen by all observers. This results simply from the geometry of spacetime and the role of the speed of light in that geometry.
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Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (and, by extension, the general theory) very explicitly permits a kind of time dilation that would ordinarily be called time travel. The theory holds that, relative to a stationary observer, time appears to pass more slowly for faster-moving bodies: for example, a moving clock will appear to run slow; as a clock approaches the speed of light its hands will appear to nearly stop moving. The effects of this sort of time dilation are discussed in the popular "twin paradox" which asks the question, "If two twins are moving relative to each other, they will each appear to the other to have aged more slowly. But when they reunite, how can each twin be younger than the other?"
A second, similar type of time travel is permitted by general relativity, where a distant observer sees time passing more slowly for a clock at the bottom of a deep gravity well, and a clock of an object lowered into a deep gravity well and pulled back up will indicate that less time has passed than the distant observer's clock. However, these effects allow "time travel" only toward the future: never backward. This is not typical of the "time travel" featured in science fiction, and there is little doubt surrounding its existence. "Time travel" will hereafter refer to travel with some degree of freedom into the past or future.
If one were able to move information or matter from one point to another faster than light, then according to special relativity, there would be an observer who sees this transfer as allowing information or matter to travel into the past. Additionally, faster than light travel along suitable paths would correspond to travel backward in time as seen by all observers. This results simply from the geometry of spacetime and the role of the speed of light in that geometry.