As for an antihistamine or antihistamine/decongestant combo helping a cough. . . I'm not even a med student, and I can tell they are testing the wrong medicine.
I can make a case for a decongestant helping a cough, especially at night.
1. Congestion+lying on back=post-nasal drip. 2. Mucus enters upper respiratory system 3. Body responds by coughing.
Defamation laws vary from state to state, but in most states, imputations of criminal conduct are slander per se, i.e. it is not required to show specific harm.
Your assertion that it's required to show that the accused party "should have known it wasn't true" is actually the opposite of how it works. In fact, if the slandering party shows reckless disregard for the truth ("Actual Malice"), then damages can be awarded even if the defamatory statements are true.
By way of example: Let's say I publish an accusation that "raehl (609729)" is a practicing homosexual and is involved in a sexual affair with the mayor's 14 year old son, but I have no idea whether or not this statement is true. If you were to sue me for defamation, and it were to come out at trial that--by pure coincidence--you are, in fact, a practicing homosexual and you are, in fact, involved in a sexual affair with the mayor's 14 year old son, you may still be able to recover damages from me because while my accusation was later determined to be true, at the time I made the accusation, I showed reckless disregard for the truth.
All this being said, I highly doubt that whatever email eBay sent out would have passed its compliance review if it contained blatant accusations of criminal activity. That was probably an exaggeration on the part of the poster.
Btw, I fooled with that planner you linked to a while ago. How the hell do you come up with a number for their IO stuff? Like, is there a magic command on a unix-like system that will give some number you can plug in?
The billing information for EBS IOs is done from their hardware, so it really measures every single IO. If you want to test out how much I/O your EC2 instance is doing (or if you want to test on your own machine), you can use the iostat utility.
Really depends on what you're doing. You're on network storage, so random reads carry a large cost. On the other hand, your storage is behind a large, durable write cache, so writes are comparatively low-cost. Turns some I/O analysis on its ear, no?;)
And, yes, EBS disk IO is metered, but the cost will be less than you think due to application caching, OS caching, and your OS's IO scheduler coalescing smaller requests into larger ones. See Projecting Costs here.
All that said, I think that the vast majority of applications that have databases in EC2 do because the rest of the application is also in EC2. For a heavy IO database centric application, I've found that there really isn't any substitute for being close to the bare metal.
I suppose if your working dataset would fit into the 15GB of memory of an extra large EC2 instance, you could be less limited by the latency of EBS reads. MySQL cluster is designed this way (to have most of your data in memory), so obviously your cluster would survive the loss of a node despite the data being in RAM.
I suppose the EC2 architecture really favors MySQL over Postgres because of that. Well, and also I am under the impression that Postgres can answer fewer types of queries (such as count(*)) from the index due to MVCC. Having to go out to the data means that IO penalty hurts Postgres more.
No. Because the statement "do not give unsolicited advice" trumps all.
You're the one who said you appreciated unsolicited advice. I'm the one who said I am loathe to offer it. I think you are changing the rules of the game midstream. Why should I not be allowed to make an exception to my no unsolicited advice rule for someone who actually enjoys unsolicited advice?
That you are unable to control your children isn't my problem, either.
Well, you would be putting words in my mouth. My kids are long past the tantrum stage, but when they were there, I could stop any tantrum with just two calmly-uttered words. Sure, it took a month or two to get there, but once there, the level of frustration experienced by both parent and child plummeted.
And if you are bothered when children complain and throw tantrums,
Again with the putting words in my mouth. When I witness a child throwing a tantrum, I do not react nor do I give the matter any attention at all. After all, the child is carrying on in search of attention. I may be smug, but I'm not cruel.
Oh, and firm and consistent is not obvious.
And you're concerned that my words "speak volumes" about me?
I'll admit to liking the warm fuzzy of knowing I can always throw more hardware at a problem. Hardware is cheap. In many cases, really really cheap.
The fact that I can't get a reasonable pgsql cluster at any price is a big turn-off for me. Anyhow, I'm sure it has plenty of quirks as well that you're just used to by now. I even see the venerated Oracle come up with some really.. um.. "creative" query execution plans every once in a while. Yes, still.
Moral? Maybe that there isn't a good free database for that level.
Well, I would argue that MySQL is a reasonable substitute when full-blown Oracle is not needed, but most PostgreSQL users are too stuck in the past to see that MySQL has grown up and left postgres in the dust when it comes to replication and clustering.
I realize that postgres is getting real replication "real soon now" (it's only slipped one release... so far...), but until the postgres team admits their error of pushing replication/clustering outside of the database engine and gets serious about putting a real solution into the DBMS where it belongs, postgres cannot be considered a serious database in a multi-server environment.
"Be firm and consistent"? Let's see. Does that fall into the category of "Wrong"? No, so it must fall into the category of "OK, but obvious."
Let's test that theory. Imagine that you are in a grocery store. You have a cart full of food, and you just need a few more items before checking out. As you push the cart up the aisle, your 3-year-old proclaims, "I want a box of Sugar Poofs cereal," grabs it, puts it in the cart, and in the process knocks 5 other items off the shelf.
Naturally, you conjure up your best "firm and consistent" voice and say, "Now Caydenn, you know that we don't eat Sugar Poofs at our house, now please put that box back on the shelf, along with the other items you knocked down."
As you take Caydenn out of the shopping cart to pick up the toppled sugary food-substitutes, he screams at you, "But I can eat Sugar Poofs at Ashleigh's house!" But of course you are prepared with your "firm and consistent" response: "Well, you don't live at Ashleigh's house, and at our house, we do not eat Sugar Poofs."
And here it comes: "You're the meanest parent in the whole wide world! I hate you! You're not my friend!" followed by a knock-down, drag-out tantrum on the floor. Kicking, screaming, crying, shouting.
Can I please be the one at that point to come up to you, smile, and say, "I recommend you be firm and consistent."?
Good DBAs aren't cheap and MySQL is needs more developer time to work around its limitations than any other database (in my humble opinions).
I like Oracle a lot, but I'm not sure I buy your argument that there is a cost savings realized by using it.
Here is a TCO analysis that we must obviously take with several heaping grains of salt considering its source, but it puts the numbers to my thoughts on the subject.
Oracle RAC is monumentously expensive, so if you can get away with MySQL cluster, I think it's advisable in many circumstances.
The TCO comparison from MySQL doesn't even address DBA time, which as you thoughtfully pointed out, is not cheap. But have you ever been to an Oracle shop that lacked a small army of expensive Oracle DBAs?
For what it's worth, most of my clients (i.e. the ones who can afford me) use Oracle, and feel compelled to point out that I've sure seen my share of hacks needed to make Oracle behave, too.;)
Pgpool can't even add a node to a degraded cluster without client lockout. This is totally unacceptable.
Regarding mysql, you are right, adding a data node requires a restart, but mysql cluster restarts are "rolling restarts". Clients are NOT locked out during a rolling restart. BTW, even the rolling restart can be avoided if the initial cluster in configured with extra, unused node groups added to the config file for future expansion.
You can find the instructions for the online adding data nodes to a MySQL cluster here.
No DML statements are blocked during the above operation.
Does postgres support replication and clustering yet? And please do not include the following words in your reply: 1. "Slony". That is not replication. That is an ugly hack by mis-using triggers.
2. "Pgpool". If I have to lock out all clients just to add a node to the cluster, then it is not a high-availability solution.
And you take the advice from someone with one child, who has no experience with your child and your situation, knowing that all are different, and you put that advice above that of someone who hasn't had a child? Why is that?
Would you take career advice from a college student? No? Why is that?
Because a college student has lots of great theories that sound great inside a classroom, but because he hasn't been there nor done that, he doesn't realize that much of what goes on inside a classroom gets thrown out the window upon graduation.
That he argues those theories with conviction is irrelevant, and frankly, I'd rather roll my eyes, say "Thanks, I'll take that under consideration," and go talk to someone worthwhile.
At best, you'll get a result for what someone else used, but the childless person may actually have a broader view that would be more helpful because they aren't focused on the one way they "know" works for that because it worked for them once.
Just because I'll listen to advice from a fellow parent doesn't mean I'm going to follow that advice if I don't think it will work for my kids. But a battle-tested theory is much more valuable than some half-baked idea that got you an A- on your child psych paper.
As for you, I'm sure you have a lot of great and valuable theories on parenting. Please allow me to answer in advance with a, "Thanks, I'll take that under consideration."
Explaining to your child WHY they have to wear a helmet and refusing to let them out without it is not dominating either.
HAHAHAHAHAHAHAH. That's all I have to say. You'll understand when you have kids.
Understanding what the child needs and resolving the conflict together, possibly by offering alternatives (another place to run, buying a helmet together etc.), is also a possibility.
HAHAHAHAHAHAHAH. That's all I have to say. You'll understand when you have kids.
Unfortunately for most of us who grew up in violence
Ok, sounds like you're doing the right thing by researching better parenting techniques than the ones you grew up with. That is commendable. So you don't get frustrated and revert to beating the living snot out of your kids, I recommend you add another book to your reading list: here.
Your kid is not a mini-adult. Forget this at your peril.
The only people that say that are parents that hate getting good advice from people who don't have children.
Good advice from people who don't have children? Where can I find such advice?
The only parenting advice I've ever gotten from non-parents falls into one of the following categories:
Wrong
OK, but obvious, and I've already tried it, and it doesn't work on that particular kid
Even as a parent, I am very reluctant to offer unsolicited parenting advice because I have no idea which battles the parent had to pick to get to where he/she is right now.
Every kid is different. Every parent/child relationship is different, too.
I am not a student of this subject, but it just makes good logical sense that there is a part of the brain (active at birth) that does the job of avoiding the repetition of actions that previously generated a painful response.
I agree with you that this makes good, logical sense. But as a parent, please allow me to assure you that you are wrong. A 3 year old definitely knows the difference between "I was running too fast down the hill and bailed and that hurt" and "Mommy didn't like what I did, so she hit me and it hurt."
As a parent, I must say that I wish corporal punishment worked. After all, it is much easier to administer a quick spanking than it is to practice effective parenting techniques. But don't take my word for it. If/When you have kids, and you spank, you'll see your own kid totally disregarding your attempts at behavior modification. All he'll learn is that hitting is the way to resolve disagreements.
This weekend, I took my son for a long walk. He spent most of it in the stroller, but I let him walk in a town park (and he asked to hold my hand, I didn't have to force him).
As a parent, I would expect you to understand that every kid is different, and that not every kid is like your kid.
You cannot safely extrapolate your experience onto every other parent-child relationship.
I'm surprised to hear such a judgmental attitude from someone who actually has children. I actually felt the exact same way that you did right up until the day my first child learned to walk.
Don't you have any friends with kids who are "runners"? Look, I never had a leash for any of my kids either, but if one was a runner, I'd be the first in line at Babies-R-Us in the leash department. Between a leashed kid and a dead kid, I know which one I'd pick.
There are certain things you need to teach your kid. Over and over again until it's just an ingrained response. By age 3, my kids definitely knew "Car's coming!" and "Freeze!" The former meant to immediately seek refuge on the nearest sidewalk, and the latter's meaning is obvious.
The problem is that nobody teaches parenting anymore. It used to be the mothers taught their daughters, but times have changed.
Thank you for looking all those up so I don't have to. I have seen many "creative" translations used to make a point that rely on the audience not knowing any Hebrew.
really dumb parent trying to reason with that 3 year old.
Reasoning with a 3-year-old does not work.
you smack their bottom and say sternly, "NO!"
Spanking a 3-year-old does not work, either.
Most recent research suggests that negative reinforcement does not result in any behavior modification at all. That is not to say that you should never punish your child--only that punishment alone will not yield any future behavior modification. Punishments should be brief and light at this age. A brief timeout, a brief loss of privilege, etc.
The trick is that children at this age desperately seek the attention and approval of their parents. When you give that approval, your child WILL remember, and WILL seek it in the future by doing what he knows you want him to do. That is how you get your kid to behave.
While what I'm about to say is not a scientific statement, I will point out that the above techniques worked extremely well when my kids were in that toddler/preschool age, and it worked well for all the other parents who I know followed that philosophy.
Slashdot Mirror
I prefer chocolate chip.
As for an antihistamine or antihistamine/decongestant combo helping a cough. . . I'm not even a med student, and I can tell they are testing the wrong medicine.
I can make a case for a decongestant helping a cough, especially at night.
1. Congestion+lying on back=post-nasal drip.
2. Mucus enters upper respiratory system
3. Body responds by coughing.
Do I get a cookie?
Defamation laws vary from state to state, but in most states, imputations of criminal conduct are slander per se, i.e. it is not required to show specific harm.
Your assertion that it's required to show that the accused party "should have known it wasn't true" is actually the opposite of how it works. In fact, if the slandering party shows reckless disregard for the truth ("Actual Malice"), then damages can be awarded even if the defamatory statements are true.
By way of example: Let's say I publish an accusation that "raehl (609729)" is a practicing homosexual and is involved in a sexual affair with the mayor's 14 year old son, but I have no idea whether or not this statement is true. If you were to sue me for defamation, and it were to come out at trial that--by pure coincidence--you are, in fact, a practicing homosexual and you are, in fact, involved in a sexual affair with the mayor's 14 year old son, you may still be able to recover damages from me because while my accusation was later determined to be true, at the time I made the accusation, I showed reckless disregard for the truth.
All this being said, I highly doubt that whatever email eBay sent out would have passed its compliance review if it contained blatant accusations of criminal activity. That was probably an exaggeration on the part of the poster.
I don't have any insight into their cost structure, but your reasoning sounds reasonable to me. :)
Btw, I fooled with that planner you linked to a while ago. How the hell do you come up with a number for their IO stuff? Like, is there a magic command on a unix-like system that will give some number you can plug in?
The billing information for EBS IOs is done from their hardware, so it really measures every single IO. If you want to test out how much I/O your EC2 instance is doing (or if you want to test on your own machine), you can use the iostat utility.
"That's one."
By the way, EC2 + Database? Does it work?
Really depends on what you're doing. You're on network storage, so random reads carry a large cost. On the other hand, your storage is behind a large, durable write cache, so writes are comparatively low-cost. Turns some I/O analysis on its ear, no? ;)
And, yes, EBS disk IO is metered, but the cost will be less than you think due to application caching, OS caching, and your OS's IO scheduler coalescing smaller requests into larger ones. See Projecting Costs here.
All that said, I think that the vast majority of applications that have databases in EC2 do because the rest of the application is also in EC2. For a heavy IO database centric application, I've found that there really isn't any substitute for being close to the bare metal.
I suppose if your working dataset would fit into the 15GB of memory of an extra large EC2 instance, you could be less limited by the latency of EBS reads. MySQL cluster is designed this way (to have most of your data in memory), so obviously your cluster would survive the loss of a node despite the data being in RAM.
I suppose the EC2 architecture really favors MySQL over Postgres because of that. Well, and also I am under the impression that Postgres can answer fewer types of queries (such as count(*)) from the index due to MVCC. Having to go out to the data means that IO penalty hurts Postgres more.
No. Because the statement "do not give unsolicited advice" trumps all.
You're the one who said you appreciated unsolicited advice. I'm the one who said I am loathe to offer it. I think you are changing the rules of the game midstream. Why should I not be allowed to make an exception to my no unsolicited advice rule for someone who actually enjoys unsolicited advice?
That you are unable to control your children isn't my problem, either.
Well, you would be putting words in my mouth. My kids are long past the tantrum stage, but when they were there, I could stop any tantrum with just two calmly-uttered words. Sure, it took a month or two to get there, but once there, the level of frustration experienced by both parent and child plummeted.
And if you are bothered when children complain and throw tantrums,
Again with the putting words in my mouth. When I witness a child throwing a tantrum, I do not react nor do I give the matter any attention at all. After all, the child is carrying on in search of attention. I may be smug, but I'm not cruel.
Oh, and firm and consistent is not obvious.
And you're concerned that my words "speak volumes" about me?
I'll admit to liking the warm fuzzy of knowing I can always throw more hardware at a problem. Hardware is cheap. In many cases, really really cheap.
The fact that I can't get a reasonable pgsql cluster at any price is a big turn-off for me. Anyhow, I'm sure it has plenty of quirks as well that you're just used to by now. I even see the venerated Oracle come up with some really .. um.. "creative" query execution plans every once in a while. Yes, still.
Moral? Maybe that there isn't a good free database for that level.
Well, I would argue that MySQL is a reasonable substitute when full-blown Oracle is not needed, but most PostgreSQL users are too stuck in the past to see that MySQL has grown up and left postgres in the dust when it comes to replication and clustering.
I realize that postgres is getting real replication "real soon now" (it's only slipped one release... so far...), but until the postgres team admits their error of pushing replication/clustering outside of the database engine and gets serious about putting a real solution into the DBMS where it belongs, postgres cannot be considered a serious database in a multi-server environment.
"Be firm and consistent"? Let's see. Does that fall into the category of "Wrong"? No, so it must fall into the category of "OK, but obvious."
Let's test that theory. Imagine that you are in a grocery store. You have a cart full of food, and you just need a few more items before checking out. As you push the cart up the aisle, your 3-year-old proclaims, "I want a box of Sugar Poofs cereal," grabs it, puts it in the cart, and in the process knocks 5 other items off the shelf.
Naturally, you conjure up your best "firm and consistent" voice and say, "Now Caydenn, you know that we don't eat Sugar Poofs at our house, now please put that box back on the shelf, along with the other items you knocked down."
As you take Caydenn out of the shopping cart to pick up the toppled sugary food-substitutes, he screams at you, "But I can eat Sugar Poofs at Ashleigh's house!" But of course you are prepared with your "firm and consistent" response: "Well, you don't live at Ashleigh's house, and at our house, we do not eat Sugar Poofs."
And here it comes: "You're the meanest parent in the whole wide world! I hate you! You're not my friend!" followed by a knock-down, drag-out tantrum on the floor. Kicking, screaming, crying, shouting.
Can I please be the one at that point to come up to you, smile, and say, "I recommend you be firm and consistent."?
Good DBAs aren't cheap and MySQL is needs more developer time to work around its limitations than any other database (in my humble opinions).
I like Oracle a lot, but I'm not sure I buy your argument that there is a cost savings realized by using it.
Here is a TCO analysis that we must obviously take with several heaping grains of salt considering its source, but it puts the numbers to my thoughts on the subject.
Oracle RAC is monumentously expensive, so if you can get away with MySQL cluster, I think it's advisable in many circumstances.
The TCO comparison from MySQL doesn't even address DBA time, which as you thoughtfully pointed out, is not cheap. But have you ever been to an Oracle shop that lacked a small army of expensive Oracle DBAs?
For what it's worth, most of my clients (i.e. the ones who can afford me) use Oracle, and feel compelled to point out that I've sure seen my share of hacks needed to make Oracle behave, too. ;)
Pgpool can't even add a node to a degraded cluster without client lockout. This is totally unacceptable.
Regarding mysql, you are right, adding a data node requires a restart, but mysql cluster restarts are "rolling restarts". Clients are NOT locked out during a rolling restart. BTW, even the rolling restart can be avoided if the initial cluster in configured with extra, unused node groups added to the config file for future expansion.
You can find the instructions for the online adding data nodes to a MySQL cluster here.
No DML statements are blocked during the above operation.
Is there a decent postgres clustering solution that doesn't force you to lock out all client access when adding a node to the cluster (e.g. pgpool)?
Does postgres support replication and clustering yet? And please do not include the following words in your reply:
1. "Slony". That is not replication. That is an ugly hack by mis-using triggers.
2. "Pgpool". If I have to lock out all clients just to add a node to the cluster, then it is not a high-availability solution.
And you take the advice from someone with one child, who has no experience with your child and your situation, knowing that all are different, and you put that advice above that of someone who hasn't had a child? Why is that?
Would you take career advice from a college student? No? Why is that?
Because a college student has lots of great theories that sound great inside a classroom, but because he hasn't been there nor done that, he doesn't realize that much of what goes on inside a classroom gets thrown out the window upon graduation.
That he argues those theories with conviction is irrelevant, and frankly, I'd rather roll my eyes, say "Thanks, I'll take that under consideration," and go talk to someone worthwhile.
At best, you'll get a result for what someone else used, but the childless person may actually have a broader view that would be more helpful because they aren't focused on the one way they "know" works for that because it worked for them once.
Just because I'll listen to advice from a fellow parent doesn't mean I'm going to follow that advice if I don't think it will work for my kids. But a battle-tested theory is much more valuable than some half-baked idea that got you an A- on your child psych paper.
As for you, I'm sure you have a lot of great and valuable theories on parenting. Please allow me to answer in advance with a, "Thanks, I'll take that under consideration."
Explaining to your child WHY they have to wear a helmet and refusing to let them out without it is not dominating either.
HAHAHAHAHAHAHAH. That's all I have to say. You'll understand when you have kids.
Understanding what the child needs and resolving the conflict together, possibly by offering alternatives (another place to run, buying a helmet together etc.), is also a possibility.
HAHAHAHAHAHAHAH. That's all I have to say. You'll understand when you have kids.
Unfortunately for most of us who grew up in violence
Ok, sounds like you're doing the right thing by researching better parenting techniques than the ones you grew up with. That is commendable. So you don't get frustrated and revert to beating the living snot out of your kids, I recommend you add another book to your reading list: here.
Your kid is not a mini-adult. Forget this at your peril.
The only people that say that are parents that hate getting good advice from people who don't have children.
Good advice from people who don't have children? Where can I find such advice?
The only parenting advice I've ever gotten from non-parents falls into one of the following categories:
Even as a parent, I am very reluctant to offer unsolicited parenting advice because I have no idea which battles the parent had to pick to get to where he/she is right now.
Every kid is different. Every parent/child relationship is different, too.
I am not a student of this subject, but it just makes good logical sense that there is a part of the brain (active at birth) that does the job of avoiding the repetition of actions that previously generated a painful response.
I agree with you that this makes good, logical sense. But as a parent, please allow me to assure you that you are wrong. A 3 year old definitely knows the difference between "I was running too fast down the hill and bailed and that hurt" and "Mommy didn't like what I did, so she hit me and it hurt."
As a parent, I must say that I wish corporal punishment worked. After all, it is much easier to administer a quick spanking than it is to practice effective parenting techniques. But don't take my word for it. If/When you have kids, and you spank, you'll see your own kid totally disregarding your attempts at behavior modification. All he'll learn is that hitting is the way to resolve disagreements.
Good luck!
This weekend, I took my son for a long walk. He spent most of it in the stroller, but I let him walk in a town park (and he asked to hold my hand, I didn't have to force him).
As a parent, I would expect you to understand that every kid is different, and that not every kid is like your kid.
You cannot safely extrapolate your experience onto every other parent-child relationship.
Dude, when your kid is squirming to get away from you so much that you think you need to hold so tight as to hurt them...you pick them up
Clearly, you only have one kid.
It's called a hand. Learn to hold it.
I'm surprised to hear such a judgmental attitude from someone who actually has children. I actually felt the exact same way that you did right up until the day my first child learned to walk.
Don't you have any friends with kids who are "runners"? Look, I never had a leash for any of my kids either, but if one was a runner, I'd be the first in line at Babies-R-Us in the leash department. Between a leashed kid and a dead kid, I know which one I'd pick.
There are certain things you need to teach your kid. Over and over again until it's just an ingrained response. By age 3, my kids definitely knew "Car's coming!" and "Freeze!" The former meant to immediately seek refuge on the nearest sidewalk, and the latter's meaning is obvious.
The problem is that nobody teaches parenting anymore. It used to be the mothers taught their daughters, but times have changed.
Thank you for looking all those up so I don't have to. I have seen many "creative" translations used to make a point that rely on the audience not knowing any Hebrew.
really dumb parent trying to reason with that 3 year old.
Reasoning with a 3-year-old does not work.
you smack their bottom and say sternly, "NO!"
Spanking a 3-year-old does not work, either.
Most recent research suggests that negative reinforcement does not result in any behavior modification at all. That is not to say that you should never punish your child--only that punishment alone will not yield any future behavior modification. Punishments should be brief and light at this age. A brief timeout, a brief loss of privilege, etc.
The trick is that children at this age desperately seek the attention and approval of their parents. When you give that approval, your child WILL remember, and WILL seek it in the future by doing what he knows you want him to do. That is how you get your kid to behave.
While what I'm about to say is not a scientific statement, I will point out that the above techniques worked extremely well when my kids were in that toddler/preschool age, and it worked well for all the other parents who I know followed that philosophy.