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http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=16 Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens, but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. Even an obeject that appears stationary is moving at a velocity of c relative to space-time!!!!! How can this be, if the time dimension itself is not moving?!?!?!? The time dimension is moving. As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2 +(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on its own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.

Simply put, it is not possible to rotate an object into the time dimension without that object gaining a velocity. Thus the time dimension itself must be expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Another way of looking at this is asking, "Why does something always move when it is rotated out of the three spatial dimensions and into the time dimension?" If someone can conduct a Lorentz transformation on a ruler, and rotate it into the time dimension without it moving through the three spatial dimensions, I would very much like to hear about it.

I'm treating this as an open-source physics project, if anyone would like to join me at http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=16
http://physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=80559

Theory Underlying SR: The Time Dimension is Moving Relative to The Spatial Dimension
The Theory of Moving Dimensions
Dr. Elliot McGucken
mcgucken@jollyroger.com
In this paper I propose that the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. Such a concept may be used to explain physical phenomena encountered in relativity and quantum mechanics, while offering a path for the unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.

Einstein's two postulates of relativity state:

I. The laws of physical phenomena are the same in all inertial frames.
II. The velocity of light in free space is a universal constant, independendent of any relative motion of teh source and the observer.

I propose that the two postulates may be expressed in an alternative manner, by stating the following law of moving dimensions:

I. The time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.

Also, if we trace the path of a photon on a space-time diagram, the only way for a photon to remain stationary in space time is to move at the speed of light, or to keep up with the expanding time dimension.

The null vector, which represents a vector of zero length in space-time, can only imply zero movement through space-time. Even though a photon moves through space at a velocity equal to C, it stays stationary in space-time. Is it not strange at first that in order to remain stationary in space time, a photon appears move at the speed of light through space? This is only because the time dimension itself is moving relative to space.

Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c.

Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens, but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.

As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by
d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2 +(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered t

This experiment supports Dr. Elliot's theory of moving dimensions:
Link1
Link2

The four-dimensions of space-time are divided into three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. In the space-time metric, s^2=x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2, the minus sign and c^2 distinguishes t from the three spatial dimensions. Why the minus sign exists is most often glossed over--it is considered to just "be" there. This paper explains the minus sign by proposing that the time dimension, the actual coordinate system, is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.

The time dimension is expanding at a rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions, in a spherically symmetric manner. Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the time dimension cannot be moving because "dimensions cannot move." First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, showing that dimensions are moving and expanding. Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area.

Rather than just accepting the minus sign in front of the c^2t^2 as being there because it just is there, this paper aims to look at the deeper reality which gives rise to the minus sign. A physicist's job is not to accept things on blind faith, nor only ask questions that are allowed to be asked, but a physicist's job is to wonder. And that wonder, which seems all but forgotten in the bureaucratization of modern physics, leads to a deeper beauty.

That the time dimension is different somehow from the three spatial dimensions is obvious. This difference is a result of the time dimension moving relative to the spatial dimensions. Picture four dimensions--three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. An object can be rotated so that its projection along any particular axis decreases. When an object is rotated into time, its projection along the x, y, and z directions decreases. This is known as relativistic length contraction. Relativistic length contraction is *always* accompanied by time dilation and an increase in the object's velocity. It is not possible to conduct a Lorentz transformation on a ruler, where it is rotated into the time dimension, without the ruler gaining a velocity through the three spatial dimensions. Because rotating an object into the time dimension always results in the object gaining a velocity relative to the spatial dimensions, one can conclude that the time dimension must be moving.

Einstein's two postulates of relativity state: I. The laws of physical phenomena are the same in all inertial frames. II. The velocity of light in free space is a universal constant, independent of any relative motion of the source and the observer. I propose that the two postulates may be expressed in an alternative manner, by stating the following law of moving dimensions: I. The time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.

This can be shown illustrated in several ways: Consider an expression for the space-time interval of zero length, or of the null vector, which traces a photon's path through space-time: x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=0 or x^2+y^2+z^2=c^2t^2 which for one spatial dimension becomes x^2=c^2t^2 or x=ct. By taking the derivative of both sides with respect to t, we get dx/dt = d/dt (ct) = c, so dx/dt = c. And hence the time rate of change of the spatial dimension relative to the time rate of change of the time dimension is equal to the velocity of light. ct | / | / | / | / | / |/_______________ x

Also, if we trace the path of a photon on a space-time diagram, the only way for a photon to remain stationary in space-time is to move at the speed of light, or to keep up with the expanding time dimension. The null vector, which rep