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> He also stole. The fundamental thefts of DOS

False.

Evidently the concentration need not be that high.

This PDF testing the effects of helium on various MEMS suggests (doing a bit of math) that a few hundred ppm helium in the air could be enough. Normal atmosphere has 5 ppm. Meanwhile, replacing 10% of the air (100,000 ppm) wouldn't have much effect on humans as long as they don't attempt aerobic exercise (based on the safety of oxygen depleted data centers).

Paterson cloned CP/M's API from the documentation. It was later shown that there was no indication of copying of software source code. "The small number of correlations between DOS source code and CP/M source code can all be explained by reasons other than copying."

The story about Gary flying is plane is half true. He was flying his plane that day, but it was on a business trip he had already scheduled. It's easy in hindsight to say he should have canceled the trip and met with IBM rather than letting his wife handle it, but I get the impression he had no idea what the meeting was about and thus didn't realize its importance at the time.

By the way, more on BIID:

http://www.scirp.org/journal/P...

Here's the abstract, you can read the free PDF for more details on the study.

Gender Dysphoria and Body Integrity Identity Disorder are sometimes together in the 19% of the cases. Other discomfort diseases related to identity, body scheme and/or integrity are discussed in relation to Gender Dysphoria. Because persons experiencing Gender Dysphoria need a precise diagnostic that protects their access to care and will not be used against them in social, occupational or legal areas a distinction diseases is provided in this text, because a meticulous description with clear exclusion criteria is required.

19% is quite a significant number, especially considering that among those with BIID, there are differences in which particular disability that some of them are after. A desire for having genitals and breasts surgically altered would easily fit.

In addition:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm...

Two BIID individuals with the paralyzation form from in the present study and one with the amputation form reported by First et al. stated to have an intersex condition (see Table 3) [1]. These rates are substantially higher than in the general population [27] and therefore might suggest a common pathway in developing identity disorders [2]. However there can be a significant ascertainment bias, so it still remains uncertain at present whether there is a true relation between intersexuality and BIID.

So apparently more people than just me think there's a possible common underlying pathology. And no, contrary to what you think, nobody ever treats BIID with surgery; the rare exceptions are those where somebody deliberately injures themselves to force an amputation, or in at least one case there was a girl who blinded herself:

Of course, you're going to be bigoted and lob more personal attacks for me for having an opinion consistent with some obviously well done scientific investigation, but again that's your issue.

Kildall said, Ms-DOS is basically pirated CP/M, except they got the error messages wrong. I agree with this statement.

I don't.

[from the study, Investigating the Relationship between Food Pairings and Plate Waste from Elementary School Lunches]
[...] Pre-implementation, deli sliders were the least popular entree, whereas the sunbutter sandwich was the least
[...] the pairing of deli sliders with corn on the cob resulted in the highest combined plate waste (62.5%),"

I suppose deep down I knew all along, but it only took a few minutes of research to discover my intuition had been correct... but it also has laid upon me a curse. Now with quivering quill I set down my humble experience in the hope that you, dear reader, will also be thus affected and we may all share this burden.

Through modern history people had been concerned with furniture sliders, devices that allow household items to reconfigure themselves during earthquakes. But we are now seeing an alarming trend in the use of "slider" applied to food items. I will refer to this phenomenon as Gullet Fixation.

The food industry recognizes that desire for food, even purchase and acceptance of it does not assure ultimate success. For them the actual moment of consumer commitment, if such could be said to exist in a single place and point in time, occurs when the food item is poised on the back of the tongue and the tongue folds gently, pushing the item back onto the lubricated slope leading down the throat. This is a handy paradigm, which does not rhyme with pigeon, with which we can dispense with the aesthetic trappings of presentation and digestion altogether, focusing on a that single moment of gullet-commitment.

On the supply side food item manufacture has become a continuous model of liquefaction and compaction, forming and molding, where food is reduced to its constituent parts and rebuilt in familiar industrial shapes people identify as "food". With gullet fixation we can streamline this model visually by omitting people altogether --- and depict the final objective as the passage of the item through "the gullet" --- a soft pink tube several inches long.

Use of "satisfied customer" stock photography in advertising and slide presentation has created a crisis of politically correctness diversity, where embattled presenters strive to sift through stock photography, often in vain, to find that 'perfect mix' of race, gender and age that is calculated to least offend. Transition to a standard 'pink gullet model' encompass the whole species and would eliminate this crisis.

I also propose a gullet view that is lengthwise, seen as a tube, and not the end-wise representation currently used where tonsils are visible. For presentations these gullets could be stitched together and elongated, even folded into longer spans such as intestines are shown today, to clearly communicate statistics of consumption or consumer acceptance by their length.

For years, the "food slider" was a term confined to the oyster. Now it has leaked into the mainstream to describe small food items that resemble traditionally larger food items, perfect in every detail, that are sized to fit within the gullet. Selling sliders can be profitable... for example, cheesburger sliders have the highest bread-to-product ratio.

Oysters were the first "sliders", so-named because their slippery surface provided its own lubrication. Now that the term has gained popular acceptance there is no need for the manufacturer to provide it --- and this creates an exciting up-sell opportunity for retailers. Sliders can be pre-lubricated with our patented Spray-Oyster Systems (tm), by the use of a simple pump sprayer right up to bulk delivery conveyor solutions.

Drive-thru speaker: Welcome to ___ may I take your order.
Customer: I'd like a dozen pizza, dozen cheeseburger, dozen salad bar. All sliders.
Drive-thru speaker: Sir... for $1.50 more we can pre-lubricate them, with a free drink.
Custiomer [imagining the mortal terror of something stuck in throat]: Uh, yeah, sure.

Cha-ching! Sliders mean business. This ain't your grandma's stick-in-the-throat soda cracker.

Like this: HAC-Robust Measurement of the Duration of a Trendless Subsample in a Global Climate Time Series

Application of the method shows that there is now a trendless interval of 19 years duration at the end of the HadCRUT4 surface temperature series, and of 16 - 26 years in the lower troposphere. Use of a simple AR1 trend model suggests a shorter hiatus of 14 - 20 years but is likely unreliable.

Third time's the charm: trying to come up with something you can just click-and-read:

This one's in html:

http://file.scirp.org/Html/1-7...

One weird trick for detecting gender online

Okay, then try this one:
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=36066

Rubbish. Newer data suggests the sensitivity is much lower, for example here , here and here.

You climate botherers can't have it both ways. Many of you refuse to even accept there's a debate (the science is settled, right?) and accuse sceptics of ignoring the peer reviewed literature. Yet you ignore the peer reviewed literature when it contradicts your opinions.

The singularityhub.com talks a lot about open-access journals, which are a completely different thing than open access to papers. In my field (physics), most journals have no problem with authors who post their papers on arxiv.org in parallel with publication in the journal, and almost everyone does exactly that. It doesn't matter the slightest bit that Physical Review isn't open access, because essentially all the papers that appear in it these days are openly accessible on arxiv.org.

Hitching one's wagon to new, open-access journals is a losing proposition. Academia is conservative, and in fact many of the open-access journals are really of terrible quality. For instance, the Journal of Modern Physics publishes kook material like this paper, which their peer reviewers clearly weren't qualified to detect as nonsense.

The right solution is for people to refuse to publish in journals that won't let them post their own work online for free. Physicists have done this, and the battle is won -- has been, if I remember correctly, since the 90's.

The singularityhub article has a graph claiming that "open access increases citations." Well, that's kind of silly. It depends on how good, original, and important your work is, and it also depends on what venues you're comparing. There are high-quality non-free journals and there are non-free junk journals. There are high-quality open-access journals and there are open-access junk journals such as the Journal of Modern Physics. What I guarantee will increase citations is if, in addition to publishing your paper in the best (open or non-open) journal you can, you also make it available for free someplace like arxiv.org, so that your colleagues can access it easily. (Even for people who have institutional access to journals, pulling papers out of the publishers' crappy web interfaces is an extremely painful process, and every interface and database works differently.)

Open-access journals, as opposed to open access to papers, only become crucial if you're unlucky enough to be in a field where the non-open journals all actively enforce a prohibition against posting your papers online for free.

Rather than trusting a political organization or whoever wrote that in Wikipedia, I prefer to look at the data myself. A zip file containing speleotherm data has thoughtfully been provided here:

http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/05/26/in-which-i-go-spelunking/

When I look at his graph, it sure looks like it's getting colder to me.

In addition, the following paper makes it clear that the warming since 1800 is a "rebound" from the little ice age with a multi-decadal oscillation superposed, and that we have now entered a downward swing in said oscillation, yet the underlying linear "rebound" continues.

(PDF)
http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperDownload.aspx?FileName=NS20101100004_10739704.pdf&paperID=3217

And this paper has an explanation for the power spectra of the temperature oscillations which fit the data better than CO2 based models:

http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.4639