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One of my favorite bookmarks, Csh Programming is Considered Harmful, is very useful for shell scripting in Bourne, Csh, and Bash. Oh, and it's also a good reminder of why you should never write csh scripts.

In my experience, the only [t]csh users out there are those who used it back in the day before there were other options, or those who are so embedded in the C/C++ world that they thought it a good idea to use a C/C++ -styled shell. That's fine, use that shell. DON'T write scripts in it though. It's annoying. (More annoying: ln -s /bin/csh /bin/sh ... this breaks TONS of things as /bin/sh must be posix-compliant. Csh doesn't even want (or try) to do that!)

Corba was totally fucked up and doomed to suck, long before Java was invented. The part about EJB compatibility came a long time later. Are you old enough to remember all the earlier bullshit about DOE and NEO and OpenStep compatibility? CORBA is a fashion victim, and after TNT, XView, OLIT, MOOLIT, Motif, CDE, Fresco, DOE, NEO, OpenStep and TCL fell out of fashion, EJB eventually became fashionable, and they changed the standard to reflect that, too.

Does anyone remember Mark Linton's C++ user interface toolkit called Fresco (based on his earlier work on Interviews), which was at one time supposed to become the official display services for DOE? What ever happened to that? (Not to be confused with the more recent Fresco which was just a new name for Berlin -- or do they actually share any code or architecture?)

According to Chuck Price at Sun:

Fresco(TM) is being developed by a working group within the MIT X Consortium. It is a platform and language independent environment for constructing applications. Specifications have not yet been released from the working group, but certain decisions have been made public, to wit: 1) Fresco interfaces will be specified using the Object Management Group's Interface Definition Language, 2) the system is intended to support "distributed embedding", and 3) it defines a notion of structured graphics.

OMG was always so confused about what their user interface and "Display Services" would be -- everybody went off in different directions, that they eventually abandoned: From the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) Frequently Asked Questions:

Subject: 4.5 Is an object-oriented GUI toolkit like Fresco in the works for CDE?

I have not heard anything about Fresco by name, but OpenDoc, OpenStep, and Taligent are on the minds of (i.e., being finacially supported by) those who are the sponsors of COSE. There has not been any public mention of the plans for transition from CDE as it is today to an object-oriented environment, but one is certainly needed since the COSE sponsors are heading down that path.

The potential problem is that the new object-oriented environment from Sun (i.e., OpenStep) does not interoperate with the environment from IBM (i.e., Taligent) and that they have a different "look and feel." This is precisely the problem that CDE is supposed to solve. In a session at Xhibition '94, Sun held a developer's meeting in which they described the future desktop environment with CDE windows, OpenStep windows, WABI windows, etc. as a desirable thing. Sun went further to state that (and I am paraphrasing here) that developers could choose between rapid application development (and all the other good things from the object-oriented paradigm) using OpenStep or cross-platform portability with CDE. Of course, it might be nice to have both.

Here's another interesting article from DDJ about Object Interconnections: The History of the OMG C++ Mapping.

Why a C++ Mapping?

Versions 1.0-1.2 of the OMG CORBA Specification [3], which existed from 1991-1995, contained a language mapping only for C. Unfortunately, given CORBA's OO (object-oriented) nature, writing CORBA programs in C was tedious and error-prone. However, given that CORBA was strongly influenced by C-based RPC systems such as the Apollo NCS (Network Computing System), standardizing a C language mapping first was easiest for those blazing the CORBA trail.

Even as the first versions of CORBA were being published in 1991, however, the need to

There is no analytical solution. See here.

"Islet transplantation has been investigated as a treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus in selected patients with inadequate glucose control despite insulin therapy....Of the 267 allografts transplanted since 1990..."

The first human islet transplant was done at the University of Minnesota in the mid 1970's (Najarian JS et al, Transplant Proc 1977;9(1):233-236).

See also the International Islet Transplant Registry for additional historical details on islet transplantation.

http://www.lumrix.de

Keywords: FAQ 386bsd NetBSD FreeBSD !Linux

Presumably the same could be done for <meta name="keywords"> in HTML.

Hmmm; I was pretty sure, but it's hard to find definitive dates!

According to this page, Windows 3.0 was released in 1990, and the according to the Motif FAQ, Motif was developed "Around 1989", which squares with my Motif programming manual copyright date (which says 1990, but the author worked on it for a year and a half).

So they happened around the same time, so that doesn't really prove anything. But reading this article, Gates claims that the original Windows 1.0 was 1983.

Now, I didn't use Windows prior to 3.0. I know that it was really raw before that time, so the question is whether versions previous to 3.0 had the 3D "Motif look", Menus, etc (which means they probably took it from Motif), or if Windows was like that from the beginning (in which case Motif took it from Windows).

Anyone have a memory of pre 3.0?

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