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200GeV Collisions at RHIC
PHENIX Experiment writes: "Brookhaven Labs has produced for the first time, collisions of gold nuclei at a center of mass energy of 200GeV/nucleon. This is a new energy regime for the high energy nuclear physics relativistic heavy ion program which is now getting underway. We have put together a bunch of nice photos of event displays for some nice central collisions, the collisions where the two nuclei hit head on. Over the next 6 months or so, we are looking to collect on the order of a petabyte of data which will then be analyzed using our VA Linux farm operated by the RHIC Computing Facility."
One of the main reasons that RHIC was developed was to study the quark-gluon plasma. Though there are more energetic acclerators (Fermilab's Tevatron, for example), RHIC is unique because it collides gold nuclei together instead of single atoms or leptons. Even so, most of a gold nucleus is empty space, so when they collide, the nuclei basically pass through each other, but at such a high energy that the bonds that hold the quarks together are temporarily broken, creating a very hot, dense quark-gluon plasma. (BTW, gluons are the carriers of the 'strong' force and hold quarks together to make hadrons such as protons and neutrons). This allows physicists to study the properties of very hot, dense matter, such as the stuff that existed shortly after the big bang, before the era where protons and neutrons were formed. A paper describing the potential physics of it can be found here.