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The Waning of the Overlapping Window Paradigm?
Bingo Foo asks: "The paradigm of movable, overlapping windows on the desktop has been around, and indeed dominant, for a long time. The original motivation for this was to mimic sheets of paper on a desktop. This is a useful metaphor, but may be a bit limiting given the capacity a computer has for automation of the layout and display of "desktop" objects. Lately, I have been pleased to see an increase in 'framing,' 'docking,' 'stacking,' and 'tabbing' being used, starting most conspicuously with frames in the web. More significantly, it has shown up as an application workspace paradigm that improved previously crappy MDI implementations in programs like Visual Studio and KDevelop. In my opinion, the most promising experimental application, even if still immature, is one of the neatest window managers around, ion. Does anyone else see a time when movable, tear-off docking and automated full-time tiling completely take over from the free-floating manually arranged desktops of today?"
but this falls into the "I want the computer doing what I say, not what it thinks I want." category.
I mean, it is a personal preference, but I don't want a system that refuses to arrange windows the way I want because "it knows what's best" for me.
So, my answer to your question is "no."
-Peter
In reality, it was very difficult to duplicate, because it did not yet exist. Atkinson (Apple) ended up creating the algorithims to do overlapping windows on his own. At some point he was in a car accident, and there was alot of concern, because at that point, he was the only one in the world that had the knowledge.
I don't buy it. For one thing, his comments are too wide-sweeping to be taken seriously.
For example, consider a user wanting to close a window. The user has two choices. She can type Ctrl-W and close it, or take her hands off of the keyboard (which she was using) and go for the little 'x' in the corner to close the window.
If we apply Fitts' law, we can come up with some numbers for it.
Fitts' law: a + b log2 (D / S + 1)
a and b are experimental values, but we can use 50 and 150 for them, respectively. (I'm getting these numbers from 'The Humane Interface' by Jef Raskin. No, I'm not pulling them out of my ass.)
The 'x' in the corner of my window is about 5mm a side. By my rough calculations, from the middle of my window (assuming the window takes up most of the screen, as my IE window currently does), I have to travel about 15cm to the 'x'. That's 150mm. So, S = 5mm, D = 150mm.
Our equation is then:
50 + 150 log2 ( 150 / 5 + 1) = 793 ms
It's generally agreed that it takes about 0.25 seconds to even get moving once you have your hand on the mouse. The propagation time of your hand to the mouse is probably another 0.5s at least. So, you're looking at about 1.5s to get to where you want.
By comparison, it takes about 0.2s to tap a key on the keyboard. If we assume that the user taps first one key, then another, we have a total time of 0.4s. (I'm also getting these numbers from 'The Humane Interface'.) Mental preparation time for the actual action is about 1.35s, but you have to mentally prepare for an action regardless of whether it is a typing action, or a mousing action. We can ignore it to simplify things. Since the 'ctrl' key can sometimes be odd to reach, we'll even ramp it's time to type up to 0.75ms. We're still looking at a total time of 0.95ms.
That was just to close a window. Selecting menu items (once you've successfully moused to the menu) is even longer. Time saving devices like the Apple (NeXT) dock speed some things up considerably.
Fitts' law explains why it's easier to use the Mac menu system, where the items are up against a barrier (the edge of the screen). It ends up making a larger effective target. This is also why the dock is effective.
Long and the short of it: an expert user is probably better off sticking to the keyboard. While I appreciate the research that Apple does (I honestly believe they know quite a lot more about UIs than basically everybody), this guy's assessment that it takes a full 2 seconds to do anything with the keyboard is pretty far out there, and I don't see any references to papers or any published results.
I often find that it's slower to use the keyboard, but it saves me the trouble of moving my hand on and off the mouse, which amounts to a comfort thing at the end of the day.
The ideal interface, in my opinion, would be to support nesting of window managers within other window managers and/or within applications. The biggest problem with MDI is that every MDI application basically acts as its own window manager. Usually this "embedded window manager" is a really crappy one, which turn people off to MDI in general, but there are exceptions; my preferred browser and text editor both use tabbed document windows to very good effect. It would be cool if we could tell applications what window manager instance (WMI) to use, so that the app can delegate window management to the WMI of the user's choice. Want SDI? Tell the app to plop its subwindows into the same WMI as the parent window. Want MDI? Tell the app to plop its subwindows into a WMI ("using *this* window manager, please") embedded within the parent window. You could use the same interface to switch between a Mac-style single menu bar and Windows-style per-window menu bars. All of this could go into a fairly simple config file, allowing users to choose whatever combinations of overlapping/tabbed, MDI/SDI, Mac/Windows styles - including hybrids and mixed modes - that they want.
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Two words: keyboard navigation. In the Windows world at least (yeah yeah, bite me), anyone who bothers to learn the relevant keystrokes and combos can whoop the pants off a mouser in basic, nuts-and-bolts text editing tasks like selecting ranges, cutting and pasting, applying attributes, etc. Why? It's not the amount of time it takes to reach for the mouse; that is as nothing against the amount of time it takes to orient hand/mouse to screen/pointer, navigate the pointer to the appropriate button by eye, and click. I type 100 wpm on a good day, and my fingers know exactly where to go at all times. The visual interface is fine, but (for me at least) it lacks the benefit of proprioception. When I use the mouse, I am forced to stare at the screen in order to be sure of the result of my mouse movements, whereas I always know exactly what my keystrokes are doing without having to look.
For example, in most Windows text editors, pressing Control-left-arrow moves back one word. Further, holding Shift while using any navigation key combo changes the navigation action to a select action. Therefore if, for example, I want to select the paragraph I am currently editing, all I have to do is press Control-Down (end of paragraph), Shift-Control-Up (Select to top of current paragraph), and it's done. Elapsed time, about a tenth of a second. A couple more keystrokes and I can cut or delete the paragraph, add formatting (B/U/I, justification, etc.), and so on. Compare that to the time it takes to lay your hand on the mouse, move the pointer to one end of the paragraph, click and drag to sweep out the paragraph by eye. No contest.
Heck, my typing speed wouldn't even be what it is if it weren't for keyboard shortcuts. As an instinctive touch-typist, I seldom miss a typo as I go along, and by now it's a perfect reflex when I notice I've just mistyped to press Control-Shift-Left and retype the word - elapsed time, maybe half a second; expended effort, negligible.
"The deep-fried Mars bar is a symptom of a wider crisis." -- Nutritionist Ann Ralph, on the Scottish diet
I mean, if the real estate is there, don't overlap, tile.
If the realestate isn't there, overlap, but offset. That's what virtual desktops are for.
I find one thing.. and I'm not picking on OS's here... but in windows, I find window management a pain in the ass. I find myself using the taskbar to flip between windows more often than not.
On unix desktops, I tend to have several things side-by-side or neatly arranged so I can see the data I need, the way I need it.
I've never analyzed why.. but it always seems less intuitive, or downright harder to do in windows.
It's probably due to a combination of different focus mechanisms and the types of applications run.. and I realize windows can be tweaked to have similar, if not the same, focus mechanisms.. but still.
As a general observation.. I find the typical KDE desktop a lot easier and more intuitive to work with than a windows desktop.
Secondly... a few things about windows that piss me off (that generally, though not always, only happen in Windows).
one is the popup dialog box that steals focus from whatever you are doing. That's a nono.
Stealing focus from the app it's related to.. that's one thing... but from unrelated apps.. it's a nono. Second is when one dialog box pops up and I cannot move the underlying windows. THAT is a nono.. I should be able to move any window on the screen at any time, period. I should be able to hide it, peg it, minimise it, shade it, whatever the WM wants.
That's probably another reason I find X a bit easier to work with.