Slashdot Mirror
Securing FreeBSD 4.x STABLE
oscarcvt writes "While browsing through daily daemon news I found a story posted on Jan 4th that made reference to an article about securing FreeBSD 4.x. The article is titled 'A basic guide to securing FreeBSD 4.x-STABLE' . Everything from mounting ro to secure levels and lots of other stuff.
Happy secureading!"
Isn't it called 'Insert the OpenBSD install CDROM, and reboot'.?
Can you tell I've hit this before?
It's FreeBSD nasty, why does not FreeBSD provide a sysctl to simply let root turn ctl+alt+del off? According to the article's "Secure the console", user can access console, they should let root to do the simple settings, at least it can prevent user from pressing ctl+alt+del to suddenly reboot machine! the user might not on purpose.
you can set the userdir to something else, e.g. /home/homepages
/home/homepages/user/bla.html
Then www.server.com/~user/bla.html ==
works like a charm here, all users have mod 700 homedirs and 755 homepagedirs.
Yet another crippling bombshell hit the beleaguered *BSD community when recently IDC confirmed that *BSD accounts for less than a fraction of 1 percent of all servers. Coming on the heels of the latest Netcraft survey which plainly states that *BSD has lost more market share, this news serves to reinforce what we've known all along. *BSD is collapsing in complete disarray, as further exemplified by failing dead last [samag.com] in the recent Sys Admin comprehensive networking test.
You don't need to be a Kreskin [amdest.com] to predict *BSD's future. The hand writing is on the wall: *BSD faces a bleak future. In fact there won't be any future at all for *BSD because *BSD is dying. Things are looking very bad for *BSD. As many of us are already aware, *BSD continues to lose market share. Red ink flows like a river of blood. FreeBSD is the most endangered of them all, having lost 93% of its core developers.
Let's keep to the facts and look at the numbers.
OpenBSD leader Theo states that there are 7000 users of OpenBSD. How many users of NetBSD are there? Let's see. The number of OpenBSD versus NetBSD posts on Usenet is roughly in ratio of 5 to 1. Therefore there are about 7000/5 = 1400 NetBSD users. BSD/OS posts on Usenet are about half of the volume of NetBSD posts. Therefore there are about 700 users of BSD/OS. A recent article put FreeBSD at about 80 percent of the *BSD market. Therefore there are (7000+1400+700)*4 = 36400 FreeBSD users. This is consistent with the number of FreeBSD Usenet posts.
Due to the troubles of Walnut Creek, abysmal sales and so on, FreeBSD went out of business and was taken over by BSDI who sell another troubled OS. Now BSDI is also dead, its corpse turned over to yet another charnel house.
All major surveys show that *BSD has steadily declined in market share. *BSD is very sick and its long term survival prospects are very dim. If *BSD is to survive at all it will be among OS hobbyist dabblers. *BSD continues to decay. Nothing short of a miracle could save it at this point in time. For all practical purposes, *BSD is dead.
Fact: *BSD is dead
This is just my opinion. Nothing more.
.x release. Debian sounds the best, but it didn't even install on the computer I tried. Mandrake just died one day (no clue)...the os wouldn't boot and i just gave up. Slackware is good, but it doesn't seem to have the documentation of FreeBSD. I used to love Linux, until I used it. The biggest problems I have had are with dependencies and non-kernel related problems. I think a centrally managed OS like the BSD's are much more efficient. With kernel releases every few months for Linux, how can you expect it to be stable? I'm a business person. I value time and money. /stand/sysinstall is the greatest utility FreeBSD has. From that 1 utility I can change anything I need to. Simple as that. Redhat had utilities that don't even work right!
After trying to use Linux (redhat 6x/7x, mandrake 7x/8x, debian, slackware) I found that none were upgradeable as easy as FreeBSD. Try upgrading from Redhat 7.1 -> 7.2. I've had it fail on 3 different machines (at work). Nightmares doing that. Plus everything is changing on a
(Linux has always been very stable for me as a server. It runs into serious problems only when you start trying to make it into a desktop system and extensively use the X environment. In fact, X itself works just fine with a trimmed down window manager like fvwm. It's just not very "cool" or flashy, and not at all user-friendly when you need to add new items to menus.)
As a business user, I'd assume you're trying to use BSD (or Linux) in a server situation? If so, I'm not sure why you had so many issues with Linux. On the other hand, BSD installs all the basic stuff you need to run a very stable web, ftp, mail, news, etc. type of server - so I'm not faulting you at all for making that choice.
For myself, I find freebsd the os of choice for my servers, but as far as a desktop is concerned it pisses me off enormously that despite running on only one architecture and having only one distro, freebsd (4.4 stable) can't even set AA fonts up properly, key bindings in vim are fucked up etc.
BSD is just rock solid. It's easy to install, upgrade and use. It has been proven. I can't wait to use 4.5 and try it out. Linux is trying to emulate Windows, and it never will. Linux should find it's niche over time. I know BSD has and it's thriving. Doing everything for everyone is bad, and I know BSD isn't.
Conformity is the jailer of freedom and enemy of growth. -JFK
Yet another crippling bombshell hit the beleaguered *BSD community when recently IDC confirmed that *BSD accounts for less than a fraction of 1 percent of all servers. Coming on the heels of the latest Netcraft survey which plainly states that *BSD has lost more market share, this news serves to reinforce what we've known all along. *BSD is collapsing in complete disarray, as further exemplified by failing dead last in the recent Sys Admin comprehensive networking test.
You don't need to be a Kreskin to predict *BSD's future. The hand writing is on the wall: *BSD faces a bleak future. In fact there won't be any future at all for *BSD because *BSD is dying. Things are looking very bad for *BSD. As many of us are already aware, *BSD continues to lose market share. Red ink flows like a river of blood. FreeBSD is the most endangered of them all, having lost 93% of its core developers.
Let's keep to the facts and look at the numbers.
OpenBSD leader Theo states that there are 7000 users of OpenBSD. How many users of NetBSD are there? Let's see. The number of OpenBSD versus NetBSD posts on Usenet is roughly in ratio of 5 to 1. Therefore there are about 7000/5 = 1400 NetBSD users. BSD/OS posts on Usenet are about half of the volume of NetBSD posts. Therefore there are about 700 users of BSD/OS. A recent article put FreeBSD at about 80 percent of the *BSD market. Therefore there are (7000+1400+700)*4 = 36400 FreeBSD users. This is consistent with the number of FreeBSD Usenet posts.
Due to the troubles of Walnut Creek, abysmal sales and so on, FreeBSD went out of business and was taken over by BSDI who sell another troubled OS. Now BSDI is also dead, its corpse turned over to yet another charnel house.
All major surveys show that *BSD has steadily declined in market share. *BSD is very sick and its long term survival prospects are very dim. If *BSD is to survive at all it will be among OS hobbyist dabblers. *BSD continues to decay. Nothing short of a miracle could save it at this point in time. For all practical purposes, *BSD is dead.
Fact: *BSD is dead
one of the things I really like about working with FreeBSD is the ability to very easily skinny-down the kernel.
... you can always reactivate it later if you need/want it
/etc/inetd.conf
usually if you've installed the kern-development or full set, go to
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf
copy GENERIC over to a new file and run through commenting out stuff you'll never use
don't need nfs? comment out
#options NFS #Network Filesystem
#options NFS_ROOT #NFS usable as root device, NFS required
consider making a CDROM based boot image instead of HD -- not as fast boot (well, relatively) but ultimately secure and the machine will always come up in case of HD crash/corruption
otherwise, if you don't have SCSI, dump them all! also, chop out any additional ethernet drivers, etc.
not only will you get a smaller kernel with "less moving parts" that boots faster, you'll have less of a finger print to hit
ipfilter is a must as well, and definitely shutdown all extra services in
and finally, regarding SSH -- set it up to accept root connections from specific hosts, and then add in tcpwrappers and/or ipfilters to help enforce that -- it helps to cut down on any future buffer-overrun attacks that may surface
Old age and treachery almost always overcome youth and skill.
much much nicer but infortunately in french (feel free to transalte :)
http://minithins.net/papers/FreeBSD.txt
This document has now been updated on his site to revision 1.8. There's quite a few changes and a bit more info now.