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Cradle to Cradle
According to the authors, current human technology is a product of "cradle to grave" design. We pull resources from the Earth, shape them into a product, use it, and throw it away. The problem, we've noticed as we've spread all over the planet, is that there really isn't any "away." This is certainly not the first time our endless cycle of resource destruction and waste creation has been brought to light. But the whole point of this book is to show why the usual responses we've developed are useless, and what to do instead.
Consider the typical "recycling" program. What is presented to the public as a way to endlessly reuse raw materials is in fact a downward spiral of degradation in material quality until, just as before, it becomes unusable. Sometimes the recycling process itself produces additional toxic waste. Most Americans have probably heard of "the 3 Rs": Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle (to which the authors add a fourth, Regulate). These are measures that only aim to slow the destructive cycle. In the end, the result is the same. As the authors put it, Less Bad is No Good.
McDonough and Braungart's proposed strategy is called "eco-effectiveness". It revolves around the idea that in nature, waste equals food. Other than incoming energy from the sun, our environment is basically a closed system. Whenever (non-human) life on our planet uses a resource, it is left in a form readily useable to other life. Humans must do the same. The authors envision a world where, when a material item gets worn out, you simply throw it on the ground to decompose. Buildings should produce more energy than they use. Eliminate the concept of "waste" entirely.
The authors put their money where their mouths are. In 1994 they started a design firm that puts these principles into practice. Examples of their work are downright astonishing. The firm was once hired to design a compostable upholstery fabric. According to their principles, not only did the finished product have to be environmentally neutral, so did the production process. In the end, an entire line of fabrics was put into production using a total of 38 chemicals (selected from a list of almost 8,000 commonly used in the industry). Water leaving the factory, originally drawn from the local water supply, tested cleaner than when it went in. And the fabric, of course, could be readily disposed of by tossing it onto the ground where it would decompose back into the soil without leaving toxic chemicals behind. They include plenty of other cases that illustrate how eco-effectiveness can both improve the quality of life and make for a more profitable business.
We live in a complex world, and it is absurd to think that every product and production process could be converted to produce similar results overnight. What about items that consist of metals and other elements that organic life doesn't usually process? There is a whole section of the book to address such issues. The authors also go beyond pure chemistry and physical health to discuss how environment affects the intangible quality of human life, and how applying these same philosophies to architecture and urban planning can produce amazing results. Unlike many environmental advocates, McDonough and Braungart both acknowledge the difficulties and provide a clear path for reform. They include a framework for eco-effective planning and decision-making so their ideas can be implemented as much as is practically possible at any given time, always with an eye for continued improvement down the road.
The writing in this book is extremely clear and articulate. The authors provide explanations of their ideas from historical, scientific, and business perspectives. They even manage to rip apart typical corporate and environmentalist thinking without pushing blame on anyone. And of course, the book is far more detailed and comprehensive than I could cover in a short review. It's hard to read it and not come away convinced, and I think that's a good thing.
One final note for anyone thinking it hypocritical to waste trees so these ideas could be distributed: the book is not made out of paper or printed using a conventional process. It's plastic -- waterproof, resilient, eligible for recycling in most locales, and an early step towards what the authors hope will be infinitely recyclable synthetic book-making materials.
Links: McDonough's architectural firm; the design firm mentioned in the review; a webcast of NPR's National Press Club at which McDonough talked about their ideas far more eloquently than I have."
To go through your own hard times, you can from Crade to Cradle from bn.com Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to submit yours, read the book review guidelines, then hit the submission page.
Jesus was a Negro
Praise be to the negro Jesus.
Amen, bros.
Any waste produced means the you are being
inneficient with resources...
So does that mean a cork up your ass will make you more efficient?
What? No tablutare?!
You biznatch.
Heads are Gonna Roll: The Lexical Connection Between Capitalism and Death
;^)
While doing research for a longer expose on the correlation between Western Economics and the worst forms of human violence, such as war, slavery, and murder, I have discovered a most fascinating bit of history. There apparently is a connection between the economic system known as Capitalism and a killing device known as a Guillotine. The connection may leave your head spinning
We begin by examining our language, for our language has evolved along with our human cultures. Studying word origins (etymology) may give us insightful clues into our history, the unpleasant parts of which the historians may have sanitized in order to make their product (history books) more marketable. We humans, it seems, don't like to be reminded of our savage origins, or the logical inconsistency of our savage nature.
In this essay, I will begin to explore some ideas I have which may explain our violent culture, which Rutgers University Law Professor Gary Francione says exhibits a "moral schizophrenia", a society which Frank Zappa called "socially retarded" and "dumb all over", a community defined by for-profit media corporations spewing confused doublespeak to unquestioning alcohol anesthetic brains, a culture which, rather than condemning all violence, attempts to justify that violence which suits our own savage lust for blood, fills our bellies, is good for our investments, or guarantees us a cheap tank of gas for our sport utility vehicles.
Contrarily, I assert the premise that a civil and democratic society with a stable population (i.e. not growing) based on the principles of non-violence is the only logically consistent, sustainable, and morally defensible kind, a society where the civil order is spontaneous, arising from social contracts amongst morally responsible beings. This utopian ideal is opposed to our current world, where a kind of fascist order is imposed by gangs of violent thugs with high-tech weapons, operating only under color of an ersatz law imposed by a savage and non-representative elite ruling class.
In my studies and experiences, the correlation between savagery and our dominant religious beliefs were always clear (the topic of a different essay!), but at some point I began to formulate a hypothesis that there may be more to blame than just religion as the source of Western violence.
During my research, I discovered that our happy, G-rated, warm and snuggly word "capital" shares it's roots with the not-so-splendid word "decapitate". "How curious!", I thought. What could be the common thread connecting these things? Any ideas? Well, it turns out the key is right inside your head.
Well, not inside exactly. It's in all heads. It *is* all heads, in the abstract sense: a roundish bone covered with flesh and hair containing eyes and a brain, the center of consciousness of an autonomous creature possessing the animating force, which roams the earth of its own free will, self-aware, and aware of its surroundings.
So where the hell can I be going with this, you ask!
Well, open up any dictionary, and you will learn that the Latin root of the word "capital" is "capitalis", from the Indo European "kaput", which means head. Remember the guillotine we spoke of before? This is a device used for decapitation, where the unlucky victim loses his head. Are you beginning to see how this all fits together?
Now our Economic System has become a "sacred cow", so to speak, as the people who criticize it are labeled the most horrible names. All of us who grew up in America were taught from the earliest age the evils of "Communism", a rival economic system, but never told exactly why it was evil. During the 1950s and 1960s, Senator Joseph McCarthy lead one of the largest witch-hunts in modern history, and many professional actors and musicians were blacklisted as being suspected members of Communist organizations.
But because we enjoy challenging the herd-think, let's see if we can find other lexical connections between our economic "sacred cow", and death. Perhaps it will lead us to some other sacred things which are often overlooked, even trampled upon by the stampeding mob, so obsessed by greed, so absorbed with getting stroked by Adam Smith's Invisible Hand of self-interest, they can't even hear the cries of those they hurt, or don't think those others matter. Perhaps they simply don't care.
But maybe, just maybe, Adam Smith and all his followers (like Ayn Rand) are wrong. Perhaps selfishness, since all life is connected, is a kind of self-hatred. And since self-hatred seems to often lead to self-destruction, those of us who actually enjoy life and feel it is worth living, and worth sustaining, want to see self-hatred transformed by love into something better.
Every man, woman, and child, every smelly leper, every prisoner, every bird, every bee, and every cockroach and spider are all perfect reflections of the Divine Spirit, so perhaps the greed embodied by Capitalism is a kind of blasphemy, perhaps a capital offense.
Which provides a nice segue back to our topic! A "capital offense" is a crime deserving the death penalty, a possible sentence for which is when the accused heads off to the guillotine. Notice however, that a capital letter is at the head of different sort of sentence. A Capitol is where the head of the government lives, which is (hopefully) a man with a good head on his shoulders. Finally, in Russian, a thing which is "kaput" is as dead as Marie Antoinette. If you begin to see how this all fits, go the the head of the class!
But all of these capital-death denotations come from etymological connection between the word "capital" and the word "head". But from where does this connection derive?
The Cult of the Cow: Capitalism and The Idea that Things with Eyes and a Brain are Ownable Property
The connection between capitalism and the Indo European word for "head" comes from another nexus, that between economics and cows. From antiquity to the present, cattle have been referred to "heads of cattle"; even the word Cattle derives from "chattel" also from the Indo European word for head. Note the word "chattel" has been used to refer to "animal property" (horses, pigs, sheep, cows, and yes, even human slaves), for hundreds of years. Heads are Money, or so our language seems to be telling us.
The capitalism-cow connections are endless: A successful business venture is a "Cash Cow". When investments are growing, it's a Bull Market. When you are exhausting some resource, you are "milking it for what it's worth". While not explicitly a cow connection, the phrase "making a killing" (meaning making a profit) may indirectly refer to the slaughter of innocents for profit, to sell to those that crave the taste of blood.
There are connections to other animals, and slavery: one United States Federal Reserve Note (a/k/a, a dollar) is also called a "buck", a unit of money. But a buck also means a male deer (a unit of food to a carnivore), and is also slang for a male slave.
Now I'm losing some of you right now, because you say the Bible allows killing animals. We need meat in order to be healthy. Animals aren't moral agents, and don't have souls. We've always exploited animals for our gain. Look at nature! Big fish eating little fish...
But I argue that the same idea that allows ownership of a cow, allows for the ownership of a man. And if you think that slavery is gone from the modern world, you are not seeing the forest for the trees. The same notion that allows for the killing of a cow for selfish reasons, can be used to justify killing *any* creature, or *any human society*, for those same selfish reasons.
Isn't it time for the cycle of violence to stop?
Even the word "stock market" derives from the slave trade, where "livestock" was sold at auction. Now this word only connotes non-human animals, but historically it was applied to human slaves as well. There are still remnants in our language of this. Today, human prisoners are kept in holding devices or cells called stockades or a bull pens.
Thus, cows, prisoners, slaves, and those murdered by the state for their crimes, are all connected in this way, not just to the roots of word Capitalism, but also to the Capitalist idea which treats each of these creatures as beings not of their own right, but ownable property, having no self interest nor the power of self determination, but existing only to serve the interests of their owner, the Master or the State.
We humans claim to be smarter than the animals, "higher" than those savage brutes. So why can't we use our heads for something more than a place to park our John Deere ball cap, and figure out a way to formulate peace? Can't we create a new economy which does not rely upon dominination of the weak, and explotation of those creatures which don't speak our language?
End.
What do they mean by "we"?
Susan Blackmore's "The Meme Machine",
and noted philosopher Daniel Dennet's "Conciousness Explained" both evince that there is another non-biological life entity that we are composed of. That is the meme.
(do some reaserch if you don't know what I'm talking about).
Recent history and the world as it is now have been great for memes.
So givin that all good replicators are selfish, memes and genes will compete. Who should win?
-... ---
and you can't even spell capitalism
We are talking about slashbots. How could you possibly be surprised?
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(guitar solo)
(repeat first verse)
(repeat chorus)