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New Wireless Technologies
Codex The Sloth writes "The Economist has an article on 4 emerging wireless technologies: (1) Smart Antennas for improved base-station capacity, (2) Mesh Networks to make each wireless reciever also be a relay,
(3) Ad hoc networking to use network devices as routers, (4) Ultra wideband to transmit 100 mbs wirelessly (but only for distances of 10 feet...). Some of these are already in use while others are still in the lab."
Great question. It turns out that ad hoc network capacity is limited; in a randomly moving network, with sane discovery procedures, bandwidth per user goes down at some suprising rate. However, if your communications are local, that isn't a big deal. Also, several research groups have looked into cluster-based routing as a way to make things scale better, so only cluster-heads need to route amongst themselves, and the other nodes just go through the cluster heads.
I suppose gnutella could also benefit from such an architecture... I seem to recall that some P2P systems have "supernodes." However, the attractiveness of p2p systems is that they're really hard to shut down; 0wning all the supernodes would hurt. (Not shutting them down, just making them stop forwarding requests) Also, if one of these evil companies that advertise using P2P becomes a supernode, there's no end to the evil that company can perpetrate.
This is all a vast oversimplification, of course...