Linux for 601-based PPC Macs?
jTepp... asks: "The company I work for is upgrading the majority of our systems, and migrating to Linux for most of the machines. I have a lab full of early PPC Macs that I now have been told to Migrate to Linux if possible, or scrap the entire room and start over. Since this would come directly out of my IT budget, and I need to use it for other projects, I'd rather keep the machines. The catch is that most of these units are powered by 601 chips, for which I'm having a difficult time finding a flavor of Linux that will support. I see support for older chips, and newer chips, but not the 601. Anyone know why? Or where I can find support?"
mklinux will work on almost all nubus macs.
From the nubus-pmac site, the following machines are supported:
- Apple Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100 and compatibles
- Apple PowerBook 1400, 2300, 5300
- Apple Performa 5200, 6200, 6300
The nice thing about this is they have kernel's with installers for Debian (woo!), YDL, and LinuxPPC. (and MkLinux...but you probably don't want that...)Good luck!
The 601 isn't very different from the 603/604/750/... and Motorola has the relevant docs. The problem is supporting the entire machine, as someone else pointed out, the bus on the motherboard is wacked. Hence the model numbers of the systems are necessary to determine what will run on it.
Your insipid page-widening bug doesn't work, so the least you could do is post something readable. Who knows, it might actually be funny (probably more from your awful songwriting skills than the content of the songs).
http://nubus.tuxppc.org/index.php
A fool throws a stone into a well and a thousand sages can not remove it.
Do you absolutely need to be running Linux? Chances are NetBSD is Unix-y enough for most purposes, and it runs on absolutely everything.
Supported 68k systems
Supported PPC systems
I used to admin a college lab of these macs -- about 80 6100/6x, some 7100s, and some much, much better 7600's and 7300's.
/, *, and - on the number keypad
When MkLinux was first announce on the net, I snagged an abandoned 7100/66 and a spare 2 gig IBM hard disk
(Thanks, Carl!) and installed MkLinux as fast as the school's T1 could get it in the building. I had this idea
I could use the 7100 running netatalk to liberate my side of the lab (the mac side) from our NT file server
(which wasn't a such a bad server, but SFM had some killer bugs that the service packs hadn't fixed, and I
wasn't in charge of applying fixes to the NT box). But when it became obvious I was going to have to spend
every waking minute of my life tweaking this new toy to make sure it didn't crash during finals week or get
hacked by one of the students (I was pretty new to UNIX at the time), I shut the 7100 down and tabled the
project. In retrospect, I kind of wish I'd spend more time on it. But knowing what I know now (i.e. knowing
now how much I didn't know back then), I'm glad I didn't do something stupid, like make every mac in the lab
rely on the MkLinux box for some network service.
So I know a little about what you're about to go through.
First, you need a Linux distro that supports Nu-Bus, because those macs are not PCI based. MkLinux will work.
NetBSD, amazingly, will not run on these macs. That should set off red flags in your head. You're venturing
into unsupported hardware territory. Expect that some hardware won't work AT ALL. In preparation, read
through the Linux docs for whatever distro you find that supports NuBus macs and write down all the hardware
that is reported as unsupported, alpha, buggy, or problematic. If a component is unneeded (like serial ports,
sound in general, or audio input)
then just don't use it, and maybe look for a way to remove or disable that device in the kernel. You really
only need support for video in X, the mouse in X, the keyboard (especially mapping keys), and ethernet.
Forget about sound, and I wouldn't be surprised if the floppy drives only work for booting, but not once
linux is up and running. Maybe you can pass that off as a security "feature".
Second, you need to account for the fact that these macs are not fast. 6100's are barely quick enough to call
"slow". The less software you install on these, the better. If it were me, I'd set them up as thin clients
with X, a browser, telnet/ssh, maybe java, maybe a few helpers for the browser, and that's about it. Run
everything else over X hosted off a better machine. If you have a few faster macs with a 604 or better yet
a G3 or G4 (not a 603) consider reserving it as an X host for users to log into with XDM. Ideally, you'll
want two or three machines for failover or a hot spare. If you have a
more modern mac as an X host, you can run RedHat, NetBSD, SuSE, or even MacOS X (I suppose) on it, and the X
clients can run software from it over the network. Just give the X host plenty of RAM, fast ethernet, and
SCSI disks, and it should be fine. Also, the less software you install on the 6100 as a client, the fewer
bugs you'll have to deal with where software XYZ doesn't run properly on the 601 due to some bug in the PPC
targeting code of gcc.
Third, you have to prepare for the unique "features" of the Macintosh platform that are going to get in your
way. You'll need a boot-loader that runs from the MacOS because these macs lack OpenFirmware. PCI macs at
least can boot other operating systems by finding a boot-loader on any HFS, IS0-9660, or FAT partition. Your
macs will each need a bootable HFS (MacOS) partition with just enough MacOS to run the linux boot loader
(usually an extension), with maybe some ResEdit hacks to keep users from bypassing linux on bootup. Once your
users get into MacOS, all security is gone and they can do whatever they like, including erase or hack the linux
partition (using ext2 utilities). I would use a tool like RevRDist for the Mac side, so you can master the HFS partition from any
AppleShare server (or netatalk). Then use rdist or rsync on the linux side in the start up scripts to master the linux
file system from a server. Use the Apple "Network Access Disk" to jumpstart the whole process from a bootable
floppy. If some genius hacks the bootup sequence and reinstalls MacOS (which they will, because MacOS unlike
Linux will let them do whatever they want without ever a "permission denied") you can remaster the whole mac
just by rebooting from a read-only floppy and running RevRDist from the server share. You should also
should figure out what you're going to do about mouse buttons. You probably only have 1 button mice. The X
Window system likes 3 buttons. The standard workaround is option+1/2/3 to fake that mouse button with the
keyboard. It will take less than 60 seconds of that to either fuck up your hands or just plain drive you
crazy. Use xmodmap to remap buttons 1, 2, and 3 to some single keys, like
or something. Or look at the price of 3 button ADB mice and multiply that by the number of macs you have...
Basically, don't make it up as you go along and expect to get lucky. It's not going to happen. With a
little thought and preparation, you should be able to automate everything and have maintenance-free LAN of
semi-decent thin clients/X terminals that just happen to show a "happy mac" when they (rarely) boot up. And
when you see how fast Linux runs on a 6100 compared to MacOS, you'll probably be smiling too.
Democracy. Whiskey. Sexy. Pick any two.
YDL will install on some machines unsupported by more non-commercial distros. I'm in the process of getting it going on a 7300.
I bet it will work on your machine too.
Yeah, and you guys panned the ipod too: http://apple.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/10/23
Linux runs fine on my 601-based 7200/75, and the 7500/100 also has a PPC601 processor. These are both PCI systems that will run normal Linux (as opposed to MKLinux) just fine.
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 -- Mathematics is the Language of Nature.
Apple hosts a mailing list for MkLinux. This will be your most useful source of information if you pursue the MkLinux route, as much of the information on the MkLinux website is out of date. The people on the list are very friendly and helpful with even the most absolute-newbie questions (and if your Linux experience is limited to the PC realm, you will have some newbie questions relating to Linux on Macs). There are searchable archives of the list as well. Good luck with your quest.
According to this page, the PowerMac 7200 (a 601-based PCI Mac) should work fine.
It's the "universal operating system", at least for the Linux side of things. 11 architectures are scheduled to be supported in the upcoming release.
If you macs have pci busses then it should be fairly straight forward. However some early 601 based macs use nu-bus. These don't have such good linux ppc support. Look at the model numbers for help.
MKlinux is a mach based linux which worked on older macs. I'm not sure much is being done with it right now though.
Try and see if the commercial (yellow dog, suse) provide out of the box support for the hardware.
I got it runing on a 7200, which is a little quirky because of the video (I boot macos then boot linuxppc and it works, booting straight into linux doesn't work.)
If the lab is just being used for web surfing and writing papers, just load OS 8.1 (not 8.5 or 8.6, sure as hell not 9, because there all to slow on a 601) as the system, use iCab or mozilla for the web, and top it all off with the last version of Office.
I've loaded MKlunix on to my old 6100/60 (Issic), I found that it worked better as a Mac (and still works better as a Mac being used by my cousin at collage for, you guessed it, writing papers and web surfing).
Loading lunix will also require you yo make sure that the harddrives have been upgraded to the 1.5 to 2.0 GB range that's what MKlunix likes. The stock harddrives run about 300 to 500 MB. Check how much RAM their sporting, if they have less than 24 MB (two 8 MB SIMMS, and 8 MB on the motherboard) just walk away. If they have less than 24 MB you will have to run Virtual Memory (bad) and System 7.5 (worse)(you could run 8.0 or 8.1 but you wouldn't want to with out at least 40 MB RAM).
long story short, if you can get away with keeping Mac OS on them do it. It will save you many headaches. If you need something that only lunix can provide, put the lab up for sale on ebay.
but if you feel that you must run lunix, surf over to www.lowendmac.com. They will be able help you to do what ever you need to get them running.
"You can see I know very little about pimp policy." George McGovern.
Second, you need to account for the fact that these macs are not fast. 6100's are barely quick enough to call "slow".
I ran MkLinux on a few 6100 (60 and 66 MHz PPC 601) and 8100 (80, 100, and 110 MHz 601) machines several years ago. Totally unaccelerated X11 was a pain at times, but overall performance was fine... more than enough for a general use screw-around box, especially with lightweight applications. You're not going to want to run GNOME or KDE, but if you want a decent box to learn basic linux/un*x, X11, and networking, it'll suit you fine.
As an NFS, web (NCSA HTTPd and later, Apache), bind, and sendmail server, our 6100/60 worked like a charm, and was significantly faster than our Pentium 133 box running NT 3.5 and several commercial daemons.
For light graphical and non graphical tasks, a PPC 601 is more than fast enough. There are still many servers still in use running on that CPU, and much slower CPUs as well. NeXTstations and NeXTcubes (Motorola 68030 and 68040 CPUs) running NEXTSTEP/OPENSTEP as well as 68030/68040 Macs running A/UX are still common in academia for moderate-use servers in situations where their existing setup "just works". Granted, if such machines were to start grinding on PHP or complex perl scripts, the load average alone would cause a buffer overflow...
Note that if you want to use the on-board ethernet of the 6100/7100/8100 machines, you'll need an AAUI->RJ45 transceiver... a little $15 dongle to convert Apple AUI to the more common RJ45. Ditto for Apple's 68040-based Centris and Quadra machines.
It's not the processor that's the problem, it's the motherboard. If you have a 7200 or 7500, you can run any version of Linux you want. They are PCI motherboards. If you have a 61xx, 7100, or 8100, good luck. These are nubus machines and are not supported by Linux/PPC (although MKLinux does support them and there is the nubus-pmac project) The 52xx/53xx/62xx/63xx (except the 6360) have a similar problem even though they are 603 machines.
All the answers you seek shall be revealed
My God, it's Full of Source!
OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
Well? LUNIX THIS LUNIX THAT
I don't get it. Is it an OS like linux?
You probably are a nigger