Turns out, Primes are in P
zorba1 writes "Manindra Agrawal et. al. of the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur CS department have released a most interesting paper today. It presents an algorithm that determines whether a number is prime or not in polynomial time. While I haven't gone through the presentation in detail, it looks like a promising, albeit non-optimized, solution for the famous PRIMES in P problem."
log2(16) = 4
...
log2(32) = 5
log2(64) = 6
log2(128) = 7
log2(256) = 8
by your assumption a*log2(16)^12 + b = 1 ms
for simplicity, let's ignore the constant b.
then:
a*log2(16)^12 = a * 4^12 = 1 ms (by assumption)
a*log2(32)^12 = a * 5^12 = 14.5 ms
a*log2(64)^12 = a * 6^12 = 129.75 ms
a*log2(256)^12 = a * 8^12 = 4096 ms
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If you think big enough, you'll never have to do it.