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Email Over High-Frequency Radio in West Africa
Guillaume Filion writes "LinuxJournal has a fascinating article about Radio Email in West Africa over HF links. 'Deep inside the warm green interior of Guinea, centered in the frontal lobe of West Africa, field personnel in the widely scattered village-towns of Dabola, Kissidougou and Nzerekore now enjoy access to regular internet e-mail, directly from their desktops. Here we have bridged the digital divide, and there isn't a telephone line or satellite dish in sight.' Talk about Wireless Fidelity!"
* "Hi", "How's the weather at your house", "Are you going to Dayton?", "Can I ride with you?"
A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
West Africans now can order Domino's over the internet.
Drivers carry less than 20 shiny rocks and buttons on them.
If you think about it, much of the last 2 decades' innovations and progress have had the effect (deliberate or not) of making life (at least for those who could afford it) more open and footloose. The company I work for used to have a Chicago address, just because nobody would believe that a large, international, reputable organization would be based in Salt Lake City. Nowadays nobody even thinks about that sort of thing. Even now, with telecommuting technologies, it's not necessary to have all your employees come to the office every day. Maybe in the future, the term "headquarters" will be obsolete, because organizations can be so distributed.
Okay, it's a little off-topic, but the article makes me think about the steps we're taking, technologically, and where they're leading.
Any sufficiently simple magic can be passed off as mere advanced technology.
to use this service, you need to send them 2500 which will be reimbursed when they transfer the rest of the money out of their respective repressed country!
This is my sig. Its pathetic.
The term 'baud' refers to 'lever transitions per second', not 'bits per second'. Baud and bps coincide at 2400bps and lower; however above 2400bps each baud carries more than one bit of data. Therefore, the term 'baud' becomes incorrect.
'bps' is faster to type anyhow.
But what do I know. I'm just looking for anonymous gay sex.
The last time I sailed across the ocean last July (in the Pacific Cup Race) we used an Iridium phone with the data option. We were able to send back a couple of digital pictures but the phone bill for the week was something like $200. Next time we'll save the pix till we hit land.
~~~~~~~
"You are not remembered for doing what is expected of you." - Atul Chitnis
Before this, they were using carrier pigeon to transmit email. Just establishing a connnection to the mail server was a bitch.
Tiny bandwidth, monstrous lag, and packet loss caused by German machine guns.
Slashdotter are stupid and biased.
I would assume that nigeria could easily fund getting the whole country high speed bandwidth. I cannot begin to tell you how many emails I get a day from nigerians that wish to send me millions of dollars just for doing a simple bank transfer.
Got Code?
A doctor could email a hospital of some symptoms in the field and get a reply of what the illness and proper care for it is. Although the individuals wouldn't get a benefit directly there would be an indirect benefit.
If you think education is expensive, you should try ignorance -- Derek Bok, president of Harvard
...now anyone in the world can dial in and see your messages.
i f
Seriously though, hams have been doing this kind of stuff for a while, on various bands. BBSes and email are commonly used (and tied together). There are TCP/IP networks (granted, most of them on bands like 2m which have higher throughput) with internet gateways. As a matter of fact, amateur radio operators have their own Class A (i belive it's 44.x.x.x)
PSK31 is used on the HF bands and gives you a real matrix feel. You can see the information coming down throughout the band, and click on the stream to see the text moving through it. Here's a screenshot: http://users.skynet.be/on1dht/media/rxpsk_scrn1.g
definitly cool stuff.
73, k6gnu
How does this system organize the data streams? What if two people miles apart transmit their message at the same time on the same frequency? How does it handle contention issues? They have an awful lot of bandwidth to transmit so the messages should be pretty "bursty" and fast unless they're downloading entire web pages and such.
supports this already through the ax25 modules?
This ties amateur ax.25 protocols directly to the Linux kernel. Works great, lasts a long time.
I suspect the "commercial" modems in use were transmitting in something other than ax.25, probably sitor/amtor/pactor, but it's all about the same at 300 baud.
The advantage with Linux is that you have to configure one driver for tcp/ip as opposed to dealing with the mgetty and ppp nonsense in the article.
This is really the core of the train of thought in Africa. Most of the central African governments are looking at 802.11 type net access as a cheap alternative to putting in expensive infrastructure like telephone lines.
In South Africa it's even more interesting: there is a definite shove in getting broadband net access working - and working well. In fact, the recent de-monopolising of the Telecoms Company Telkom has finally opened the door for broadband.
The key advantage, however, is somewhat ironic - in fact, the reason is simply that Africa does not have any decent infrastructure to begin with, this makes it easier to climb in with the leading pack and use leading technology from the start.
The problem with 802.11 is however that it is unreliable. I've had the opportunity of working with a few wireles net-frastructures using 802.11 to connect a multitude of willing volunteers to various wireless wans and lans. Unfortunately, the best uptime stats we had was around 89%, comparable to the 99.9% uptime we enjoyed with one of Africa's biggest ISPs namely iAfrica.
African countries have been connecting rather well to the net over the last few years, and doing so beneath the radar for the most part. It however will most likely not become the multi-million dollar industry like it is in the western world, but the key importance of connectivity in remote African cities and Towns is not to establish capitalistic approaches, but rather bring vital services to poverty stricken people, and offer them the opportunities that many dream the Internet still carry.
Recently I visited a very poor school where the classrooms were the great outdoors and they had one blackboard to share with several teachers. Some students were older than the teachers. The amazing thing was when I saw these kids faces when they saw a pictures of Africa and the rest of the planet we downloaded off the net via Satellite shown onto a makeshift projector screen.
Stories like this should not surprise people. What surprises me is that people in the western world still think us Africans ride lions and chase each other with spears. Africa is poor, but their is a lot of technological knowledge about. And we have that one advantage...
"Diplomacy --- the art of saying "Nice doggie" 'til you can find a stick." Wynn Catlin
I used to dabble in Amateur Radio, mainly 2 meter packet. In those days, about 8 years ago, there were a number of digital HF schemes. About the best of them was Clover -- an AT-compatible board that used its own modulation scheme and protocols.
One problem with HF is that the ionosphere has a large, time-dependant phase dispersion. It really procludes wide-band schemes unless someone can come up with something very clever.
The Clover board claimed 500 characters per second, under good band conditions, through a 25 Hz cw filter. At the time, there was no HF scheme that came close.
I have no idea if Clover still exists -- maybe someone on Slashdot can enlighten us.
Decent infrastructure has more benefits than you can imagine. My dad works for the World Food Program and that org has used many different technologies for communication throughout the world.
At his last post (Nicaragua) they used Toyota Land Cruisers to get around. Those vehicles were equipped with a multitude of antennas, including some to communicate in the UHF range. For more remote locations they used motorcycles to transport satellite phones where needed. Now he's heading up operations in Angola and i'm not sure what sorts of techs they use there, but i've heard talk of satellite phones and in the capital, Luanda, he uses a cel phone (talking to him from MI, USA is a pain, phone cuts out and is quite laggy).
While starving sucks, it sucks even more when you can't communicate with anyone that you are hungry. In the past it was necessary to physically visit every single location to see how situations were there. Now, with better communication devices, when something serious happens (hurricane, landslide, refugee influx, etc) it can be communicated much quicker, response times are faster, and more lives can be saved.
-f
www.blackant.net
Anyone notice how the author spends the bulk of the article talking about a mail setup using the prorpietary qmail MTA (which has a look-but-don't-touch license that's in many ways more restrictive than Microsoft's Shared Source) and then goes ahead and praises it as being Open Source in the last paragraph?
It's funny the LinuxJournal editors didn't pick up on this (the article has already been published in print). I mean, there's nothing wrong with using proprietary software where it's the best option, but calling it Open Source is a bit unfair to both the original author of the software (Dan Bernstein), and the developers of actual Open Source MTAs like postfix, exim and sendmail.
Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, yet remains an underdeveloped nation. Let's ignore the mineral part, and note that agriculture is probably to mainstay of most of the population. Internet access, by supporting better agricultural management, will help improve productivity in this area. For example:
Market and commodity information to assist in export
Botany, the science of plants including pest control, plant breeding, etc.
Etc.
Maybe they don't wire to find out what a Big Mac tastes like, but they may ask about financing export, funds for development projects, scientific information on crop cultivation, etc.
There is more to the Internet than games and pr0n.
"dope will get you through times of no money better than money will get you through times of no dope"
Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA) have been doing packet radio in the third world for years. Here is their page on communication technology.
The page also describes their LEO satellite system which is just now coming on line.
Actually, yes. Typically, a "click" (pop your tongue against the top of your mouth) is represented as an X. For example, there is an African language known as Xkosa, pronounced click-kosa.
(The only reason I know this is because my Natural Language Processing professor spent most of the first lecture in September using Xkosa an example.)
Intercarve Networks, LLC
14.4 is definately not the fastest you can go.
The GRAPES and WA4DSY modems are (I believe) 56k units, designed for 440 and above. (One of those might be a G3RUH-compatible 9600 design...)
In Europe, 76k on 440 is common, and the Baycom folks have quite a bit of hardware for this.
Some guys in Slovenia are doing 1.1 Mbps in the 1.2 GHz band.
retrorocket.o not found, launch anyway?
So is any encryption planned? There are some sections of West Africa that are still politically volitile. I can see where field workers, such as Doctors Without Borders and/or missionaries and/or UN Officials might not want their information intercepted.
... but I'd hate to see the same technology triangulated against them.
I realize that sending and receiving individual messages should be strongly encrypted, but that still doesn't necessarily obfuscate the sender or the receiver. I mean I'm glad to see such email used as the article says " the radio equipment, providing an essential lifeline for the safety and security of field office and mobile unit personnel"
--- have you healed your church website?
Wireless is fine for low-speed connections, or medium-speed connections that don't have to go very far, and can either interoperate between multiple users in the same space or else do some non-interference trick like spread spectrum. And it's really nice to have freedom of movement and ability to get some kind of service wherever you are, which means wireless in the most general case (though LANs with DHCP and VPNs are a good start.)
But fundamentally, wire-like technologies (including fiber as well as copper) are much more practical for high-speed connections, and can fit arbitrarily large capacity in a given area because separate wires don't interfere with each other, unlike multiple sets of radio waves. For high-speed connections over non-short distances, wireless needs line-of-sight, while wires don't need to be in straight lines, can leap under tall buildings at a single bound, wrap around mountains and curved planets, etc. Also, the physics for devices that mess with wires make it easy to put huge bandwidths on a fiber, limited by the cost of the high-tech equipment on the ends (which gets Moore's Law kinds of price/performance effects) - practical bandwidths get into the gigabit range for cheap short-distance equipment ($59 at Fry's) and into the terabit range per fiber for long-distance telco-quality equipment.
There is some relatively high-speed line-of-site equipment that can fit multiple separate connections in nearly the same space - free-space optics is the most focused, and there are microwave systems that are pretty tight. They can't do long distances, because of weather as well as because of the earth's curvature, but some of them are in the half-gigabit speed range over a few kilometers. They're really nice as a backup for building data feeds - they get rain fade, but they don't get backhoe fade, don't usually need permits to cross highways, and are surprisingly tolerant of earthquakes.
Bill Stewart
New Fast-Compression-only CPR http://preview.tinyurl.com/dy575ks
I was reading this until I got to the description of the PPP link and remembered the days of UUCP over serial lines. Since the modem took care of the error correction they could send much more data more quickly by using straight serial UUCP instead of trying to get a PPP handshake to get TCP/IP working. A UUCP chat script was always faster than PPP in my experience.
Kris
Kriston
Bottom line is, if you want secure transmissions don't use the amateur radio service. If you really want secure transmissions, don't use wireless at all.
However, I don't think the FCC will come after you for encrypting a password, like how hotmail uses ssl for login and then drops it afterward. They've always supported the right of private access codes for repeater control, etc.
I think hams are accustomed to a certain lack of privacy. It's the price we pay for free bandwidth.
73 de KD7KME
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