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Singapore Using Thermal Imaging to Check for SARS

Quixotic1 writes "Channel NewsAsia reports that Changi International Airport in Singapore, Asia's fourth-largest airport, is using walk-through thermal imaging devices to screen for people with SARS. 'If a person is feverish, reddish spots will apear all over his face [on the screen] and that person will then be set aside for further examination by the nurses.' A Reuters article says that the 'Infrared Fever Screening System' was originally developed for military purposes. They are being built by Singapore Technologies."

38 comments

  1. Infrared Fever Screening System? by Blaine+Hilton · · Score: 4, Insightful
    If this keeps up pretty soon we will just walk right to the plane and security will be automatic. It will detect if we have guns, knives, razor blades, bombs, burnable shoes, and not to mention if we have a cold, flu, bubonic plague, HIV. What's next? Automatically looking up our families' histories to find any "unpatriotic" tendencies? Are they going to analyze our DNA and see if we are "genetically inclined" to do something?

    I don't think I'm paranoid, but this is starting to go overboard! On the other hand though we have SARS, which is pretty scare in itself. I understand why they are doing this, but what happens after SARS is nothing but history, if that happens at all? What reason will they give next time to check us for anything and everything?

    1. Re:Infrared Fever Screening System? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Going overboard? Remember this is the same country that outlawed chewing gum.

  2. Finally! by Drakin · · Score: 3, Insightful

    A good, senseable use for airport security.

    While a lot of folks will be up in arms over this, SARS is a large threat worldwide. Sure, this method will generate a lot of false positives, but it's probably less of an incovience than having to close down the airport and put a halt on all air travel, expecually in regions where SARS has a large presence.

  3. And if I just had a cup of hot tea by wowbagger · · Score: 3, Informative

    And if I just had a cup of hot tea, or coffee, or am nervous, or if my traveling companion just said something horribly embarrassing, or....

    1. Re:And if I just had a cup of hot tea by eht · · Score: 1

      then you would be cleared through pretty quickly

    2. Re:And if I just had a cup of hot tea by c_jonescc · · Score: 1

      Right-o.

      And what if I felt a bit under the weather, but didn't want to miss my flight? Could I just hold a cold soda can up to my face (assuming availability in a Singapore airport)? How about freezing one those sleeping masks people often use for long flights?

      It's a neat puzzle.

      --
      Getting diabetes AND salmonella would be a bad weekend.
  4. What about non-SARS fevers? by SolemnDragon · · Score: 3, Interesting
    would i need a doctor's note saying, for example, that i take a medication that causes similar conditions? Because there are some. ANd that, right there, would have to be verified, which runs RIGHT up against the whole healthcare privacy rights issue.

    And i'm curious to know what happens to people after they get led away, and at what point this starts to make since, since after all they may have just infected an airport full of people who are still getting on their flights.

    I agree that this is an issue; I don't want to die, and this is killing people. But I'm not sure that I feel good about the lack of limitations here; halfway down the slippery slope already seems like a good time to stop and ask which is more important, our right to privacy or our physical safety, and how much of each we really HAVE to give up in order for this to work...

    1. Re:What about non-SARS fevers? by The+Cydonian · · Score: 3, Informative

      If you have a fever, and are travelling from a SARS-affected country, you are automatically quarantined. In fact, the official policy in Singapore is that if you're sick, don't travel/report to work/do nothing. The body's immune system is weakened, and apparently, you stand a greater risk of getting infected with SARS.

    2. Re:What about non-SARS fevers? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ontario has just made the same announcement. If you are sick you are supposed to stay home until you are well. Seems rather over the top to me but then I'm not the one trying to manage an outbreak of a highly virulent disease with a mortality rate of 4-8%.

      At my workplace you can't even sneeze without somebody pointing at you and saying "SARS! SARS!" like Homer and Bart said "Unclean!" when they had leprosy.

      -Pinkoir

  5. latest info on sars by Naomi+Heller · · Score: 3, Insightful

    To view the latest info on sars check out the world health organization's specific site:

    http://www.who.int/csr/alertresponse/en/ [ www.who.int ]

    That is all! -Naomi

  6. Spreading Disease by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I wish they would start doing this where I work. America is one of the countries in the world where going to work sick is considered a moral obligation. Many countries think spreading disease to your coworkers is bad for productivity.

    1. Re:Spreading Disease by TheLink · · Score: 1

      Hmm. If that's the case the next time you're sick, give the boss a real good handshake.

      If other coworkers are sick but you can't convince them to do the same thing, give them an encouraging handshake, then immediately shake the boss' hand. Or place the germs on inanimate objects at strategic locations (door knob, pen etc).

      If your boss doesn't get sick then you're doomed -might want to check if your boss is human ;). Otherwise boss either deserves feeling ill all the time, or will practically order sick people home.

      --
  7. abuse potential seems fairly low... by Vellmont · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Assuming it's not just used as an excuse to stop anyone and harass them, this seems like it's fairly harmless. It's fairly simple to screen anyone stopped by the system for symptoms of SARS, which obviously is not really true when screening for terrorists.

    I just wonder how effective it would be. It only takes a few people entering the country to start spreading the disease. If you've got one person with SARS coming into the country ever, and your system has a 90% chance of stopping that one person, then it's pretty effective. If however, you've got one person a day coming through with SARS, well after a week there's a 50% chance you've let an infected person through.

    In other words the detection rate of your system has to be in line with the incoming rate of infected people, otherwise it's fairly useless.

    At this point I'm sure there's nowhere near one person a day coming through any airport with SARS. But I also doubt the airport will only have one person ever come through.

    --
    AccountKiller
  8. "access of evil" by T_moz · · Score: 0

    Soon, they will be checking your browser's history to see if you are accessing "evil" websites, checking to see if your dog's breath smells bad and checking your brain activity levels to see if you like the restricitions or not :-)

  9. No Pre-Flight Alcohol! by 4of12 · · Score: 2, Informative

    A friend of mine (Chinese ethnicity, as a matter of fact) had a condition where his face would break out into a red flush after he consumed alcohol.

    A system like this could introduce some annoying false positives for SARS infected passengers.

    OTOH, at least the extra inconvenience would not be as noticeable if one was sufficiently soused.

    --
    "Provided by the management for your protection."
    1. Re:No Pre-Flight Alcohol! by JJahn · · Score: 1

      Actually thats a common trait in Far Eastern races. But I'm not sure thats actually a fever, which is what this system detects. It just might be blood vessels dilating and allowing a lot of blood in (which could give heat also, I am no doctor)

    2. Re:No Pre-Flight Alcohol! by Muhammar · · Score: 1

      This chinamen-trait is a defect in enzyme that takes care of alcohol metabolism. Goes like this: Alcohol->acetaldehyde->acetic acid.

      Acetaldehyde is toxic. If too much acetaldehyde accumulates, you get headache and red face. Then nausea.

      There are drugs that are given to alcoholics to discourage them from drinking - they make them pretty sick when drinking. These drugs block the enzyme (acetaldehyde dehydrogenaze). There are some mushroom that have the same effect, so having mushroom with a lot of alcohol can make you sick.

      --
      I doubt that we will ever figure out - and I suspect that even if we did figure out we couldn't do much about it
    3. Re:No Pre-Flight Alcohol! by GrandCow · · Score: 1

      A friend of mine (Chinese ethnicity, as a matter of fact) had a condition where his face would break out into a red flush after he consumed alcohol.

      A system like this could introduce some annoying false positives for SARS infected passengers.


      What that is is called the Asian Blush. Basically, people with asian heritages don't have a certain enzyme to process alcohol correctly. The end result is a reddening of the face, but not increased temperatures that would set off the thermal scanners.

      --
      "Well kids, you tried your best, and you failed. The lesson is, never try." -Homer Simpson
  10. To those who shout abuse... by quantax · · Score: 1

    Yes, this system could be abused, however considering the seriousness of SARS, this is one of the few genuinely fast methods of screening people that is also effective. Taking temperatures, screening by appearance, etc etc are all either slower or not reliable enough to detect SARS. And yes, someone who merely has a fever could 'trip' this, but that is a small price to pay. It is important to note however, this is not a fix, since someone who is incubating the virus will pass through any scanner just fine. Regarding privacy & rights: On the other hand a quarantine is a massive elimination of rights, and I would rather be scanned via infrared to prevent that from happening, then say 'I wish to sacrifice my and other people's health since I see this as a violation of my privacy.' Yea, it may be, but its 10x worst when you are in quarantine and cant do jack for 10 - 14 days except sit in an oxygen tent. Then you can talk all about privacy, alone in a hospital ward. Yes, we must be vigilent to ensure that our privacy and freedoms do not go away, or dissappear while we look away. But, in this case, it is more harmful than good.

    --
    "What can a thoughtful man hope for mankind on Earth, given the experience of the past million years? Nothing." -Bokonon
    1. Re:To those who shout abuse... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Yes, this system could be abused, however considering the seriousness of SARS ...
      Yes this laws could be abused, however considering the seriousness of the Terror Attacks ...
      -----
      Confucius says: Asiamen fast learner!

  11. Smoking can fool the test by Muhammar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If the only basis is face surface temperature, taking substance causing periferal vasoconstriction will fool the test - the surface temperature will be lower.

    The most common potent drug causing peripheral blood vessel constriction is nicotine. I have even seen thermal imaging pictures of extremities (hands, feet) before and after smoking a single cigarette. The "cooling effect" of nicotine is quite dramatic.

    --
    I doubt that we will ever figure out - and I suspect that even if we did figure out we couldn't do much about it
    1. Re:Smoking can fool the test by TheLink · · Score: 1

      Ah, but the Singapore Gov planned for this years ago - they banned smoking in most public places.

      --
    2. Re:Smoking can fool the test by RandomInAction · · Score: 1

      And of course one has no need to smoke, just chew some good old nicotine gum.

  12. Do I have this straight? by djupedal · · Score: 1
    The virus is rampant in the same country where equipment used to track it is being developed and sold?
    • Design virus
    • Design equipment to track virus
    • Release virus
    • Sell equipement to track virus
    • Profit
    Nice business model.
    1. Re:Do I have this straight? by hitzroth · · Score: 1

      No. You don't have it straight.

      You forgot the part about manipulaing the media into believing that a disease that has a fatality rate similar to that of toe stubbing is a substantive threat.

      --
      In mathematics, one does not understand things, one merely gets used to them.
      --VonNeumann
    2. Re:Do I have this straight? by djupedal · · Score: 1

      You're right, of course. Thanks...hehehe

  13. I'm tired of this... by hitzroth · · Score: 2

    So SARS is this year's "wonder disease". It's killed about 150 people world wide and has a 4% fatality rate. Those people are no less dead for having been killed by SARS, but SARS is getting press far out of proporiton with its true nastyness.

    Would anyone care to guess how many people died of heart disease, cancer, influenza, HIV, etc in the past couple months? Hint: each carries *slightly* more than a 4% fatality rate.

    Bring back the Plague! A particularly virulent and contagious version! I'm tired of these candy-assed diseases that can't even manage to end the lives of more people than die in car accidents in and around some major cities in a similar time frame.

    --
    In mathematics, one does not understand things, one merely gets used to them.
    --VonNeumann
    1. Re:I'm tired of this... by Wesley+Everest · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Uh, there's no vaccination or cure for SARS yet, and it is highly contagious. Heart disease and cancer aren't contagious at all, and HIV is very difficult to give to someone. Influenza has vaccines. I'd say that sets SARS out ahead of the rest.

      Sure, only 150 people have been killed so far, but the worry is that it will spread out-of-control worldwide, infecting tens or hundreds of millions of people.

    2. Re:I'm tired of this... by TheLink · · Score: 1

      HIV isn't very contagious, you can easily control your risk of exposure. As for flu, some deadlier forms are a problem, and this scanning could help quarantine flu too.

      If it turns out not to be that nasty think of it as a fire drill for plagues to come. But so far it doesn't look that innocuous.

      I'm thinking it'll be more like Y2K. Where after lots of work was done to help prevent major disasters, people complained about the lack of major disasters. Sure there was plenty of overreaction, but the impact of underreaction could be too severe to risk.

      After all this was an unknown disease, and seems to be a new disease. The fatality rates were unknown at the start, the cause was unknown, and actually the sample is still rather small to judge - there seems to be a more virulent form in a part of Hong Kong.

      So what do you want people/authorities to do the next time some unknown contagious disease starts killing people? What if it really was another "1918" flu?

      Most of us here aren't panicking even tho Singapore is a neighbouring country. There is widespread concern and people are being cautious, but it's not like HK/Singapore yet.

      Another thing: common cold "killer version" ain't a nice thing to have around. If we can quarantine and eliminate the disease like smallpox I'm all for it. If it spreads beyond elimination and becomes prevalent like the common cold, we'll have yet more deaths every year.

      I'd say you risk being a bit too flippant about it.

      --
    3. Re:I'm tired of this... by Elazro · · Score: 2, Informative

      Look, I understand how this may look like hype - we've had a lot of disease scares recently (not to mention asteroid-scares, bio-terror scares, and so on.) But I think you have to give the epidemiologists some leeway, for many reasons:
      1. The death rate may be much higher than 4%
      2. The infection rate may be higher than any of the diseases you mentioned
      3. The time period from onset to death seems quite short, and
      4. This is the very beginning of a possible pandemic.

      I'll get to the 4th point in a bit. First....

      #3 is fairly clear. SARS seems to have a much quicker death rate than any of the diseases you mentioned except for influenza (which I don't think has recently had such a high mortality rate.)

      To address #2, SARS seems to have a drastically higher transmission rate than AIDS. Cancer and heart disease don't spread per se. However influenza does spread quickly as well

      To argue #1, note that 4% of the people who have been infected with SARS have died, true. However, many of those people are still infected and may die yet. To get the fatality rate, you have to look at how many people have _recovered_ vs. those who have died, not how many people have been _infected_. This could be well over 10%.
      Combined with #2, notice that a disease with a 100% mortality rate which infects only 1% of the population is only half as dangerous as a disease which has only a 10% mortality rate which infects 20% of the population.

      These last figures approximately mirror the 1918 flu epidemic, which killed 20-40 million people within a single year. Epidemiologists _are_ as scared as hell about another such influenza outbreak. That doesn't mean that SARS isn't a threat though.

      So, now is time to address #4. Given that SARS seems to spread quite quickly and widely, may have a significant mortality rate, and kills fairly quickly, hopefully we agree that it could wreak havoc on the world. It may not be the worst epidemic, but it could still hurt us a lot. Now, we should take a look at epidemiology of the thing.
      When a disease starts to spread, the infection rate grows exponentially for a while. Then, as the susceptible portion of the population dries up, new infections slow down and taper off. The shape of the infected population over time is a logistic, or S-curve:

      {cute ASCII graphic deleted due to /. filter}

      The important thing to note about this curve (invisible in my ASCII rendering, I'm sure) is that initially it behaves like an exponential curve. Thus, it rises gradually for a while, hits a knee, and then shoots upwards.

      All the best health-care practices in the world won't help us once that knee is passed. It is impossible to quarrantine even 5% of the worlds population, so if the infection ever gets to that level, only the most severe of measures could contain it (shutting down all forms of travel, essentially). After 10% of the world's population is infected there is nothing we can do to contain it. Also note that at around that point, hospitals will be overwhelmed, and thus won't be able to alleviate the symptoms of SARS, and thus the mortality rate may rise (right now hospitals can devote all their resources to keeping SARS victims alive until they recover)

      So keep in mind that while SARS seems kind of lame now, in terms of how many people it has killed, it exhibits some disturbing characteristics. If those characteristics turn out to be real, then SARS could rival (in the worst case scenario) the plague or the 1918 flu. Now that is jumping the gun a bit, but the facts remain that:
      1. SARS is potentially very dangerous.
      2. It spreads quickly.
      3. It may gain a foothold before we know for sure how dangerous it is.

      The reason public health officials are treating this "candy-ass" disease so seriously, is that it really does have the potential to become that serious. And by the time we know that, there isn't much we will be able to do about it.

      -matt

      P.s. Public health is hard. Declare SARS as the next plague and if your're right, people take precautions, SARS fizzles, and the people assume you overreacted and ignore your warnings next time. Don't warn the public, and risk a pandemic.

  14. cost of thermal imaging machines? by jago25_98 · · Score: 1

    I'm searching for the cheapest thermal camera I can find, also I wonder how they actually work.

  15. Singapore govt. is acting responsibly-US is not by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    In the old days, the US used to rigorously manage its border-now, new US elites pretend borders don't exist. I think before it is over, the US will have a higher rate of SARS than Singapore. Something folks miss: corporations have a much stronger voice in the US government than that of Singapore--and corporate elites are sadly short-sighted.


    A major function of the US government is facilitating exploitation of US citizens by foreign elites-up to an including systemic abuse of prisoners.

  16. What about the incubation period? by Kj0n · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It is possible that people are being infected with the SARS virus without having a fever yet. How will they get screened?

  17. Fun fun fun! by Alsee · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I can't wait to see the look on people's faces when I walk through the scanner with interesting patterns on my face in infrared paint!

    Yes, there is in fact such a thing as infrared paint. Most Military vehicles are pained in a version of infrared paint that is "black" in infrared. It conseals them from infrared scanners and night vision goggles.

    There is also a version of infrared paint that is "white" in the infrared. The Iraqi military had virtually no night vision or infrared capability so the "black" paint wasn't really any benefit. They therefore put an inverted V in "white" infrared paint on coalition vehicles to help avoid friendly fire.

    -

    --
    - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  18. SARS May Be Man-Made & Possibly a Bio-weapon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How this report was missed by the mainstream media is beyond me. Well, they seem to be addicted to face saving reports by WHO.

    Two internationally famous Russian medical scientists gave televison interviews blowing the Chinese cover-up about the SARS virus. The report was all over the news media earlier this week in Australia. Bet you will not hear news reports about the real cause of SARS on ABC, CBS, NBC or CNN anytime soon.

    http://www.newspundit.net

  19. Not unusual in the Singapore airport by Tungsten+Chef · · Score: 1

    This really won't seem like much at all on top of the regular security at the Singapore airport, some of the toughest in the world. When I went through there last year it went something like this:

    1. Show passport, all bags sent through X-ray machine.
    2. All bags hand searched (including my dirty clothes bag holding stinky jungle hiking gear).
    3. Show passport, get ticket, go towards gate.
    4. Show passport, go through metal detector, all carry-on bags X-rayed.
    5. All carry-ons sniffed with "Vap-o-Trace," presumably something like a portable GC/MS looking for explosive/drug vapors.
    6. All carry-ons hand searched.
    7. Show passport, Get on plane.

  20. Conspiracy theory - US released SARS in China? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Excerpt from WHO report:

    "In Hong Kong, a large and sudden cluster of almost simultaneous cases (321) seen in residents of the Amoy Gardens housing estate has raised the possibility of transmission from an environmental source."

    Sounds like a biological attack.

    Data from WHO site (April, 19th):

    Country /Number of cases/deaths
    China / 1512 / 65
    Canada / 132 / 12
    HongKong / 1358 / 81
    Singapore/ 177 / 16
    Vietnam / 65 / 5
    USA / 220 / 0

    As treatment of an unknown virus from another country, USA seems to be unreasonably ahead of Canada, HongKong and any other countries. Perhaps it has got some vaccine in advance?