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Cheating Fruit (Slot) Machines
ebbdr writes "Ever think that fruit machines cheat you? You would be right, at least in the UK. This article provides proof that fruit machine outcomes are predetermined and that the players inputs have little, if anything to do with it. And it lets you download the emulators and machine code required to test the hypothesis for yourself...."
The Random Number Generator (RNG) can be
made to change its percentage by simply changing it's seed number. There
are several ways this cam be done.
1) Change the Eprom Chip with a new program and/or seed number which any
computer technician can change a chip.
2) Use an Eprom that has a cyclic program that will keep changing the
seed number after predetermined numbers of cycles.
3) Posibly change the seed number through a signal from the master
computer or mainframe. There is no doubt that all these machines are
hooked up to the mainframe for monitoring and/or recording data for
expert review. It is known fact that comp cards and players records
are fed back to the mainframe, why not other data.
It is for this reason why I am an advocate for all Gambling to come under
a Federal or State controlled Gambling Commission. All of what I say is
not intended to infer that there is any tampering with slot machine
programs and controls. I can only say from my experience as a computer
programmer, that if the possibility exists, the probability resides.
Therefore only an astute Gaming Commission that can oversee these
computers and their control, will clear up this doubt and mistrust about
slot machines.
I've thought about this myself. The whole key to a slot machine or a fruit machine is that you need to be able to set the "payout" percentage, typically something high like 98%. 98% means that the player gets back $0.98 on every $1, assuming he plays an infinite amount of times.
The only way to guarantee this is by determining what the payout is as soon as the money's in the slot. The "pick high or low" and all of these other things are just meant to help keep the player interested, so that the player keeps playing.
Slot machines use other tricks, too: You can play on multiple lines, or you can play multiple coins for higher bonuses. Obviously the bonuses are multiples of the number of coins you play, so they have zero effect on probability. Multiple lines increases the probability you'll win per spin, but it doesn't affect the probability per coin, which is what matters to the proprietor.
This isn't a scam or cheating or anything like that. It is the same principle behind coin-op arcade machines: You pay to play. On a machine that has 98% payout and takes quarters, that means you pay (theoretically) half a cent every time you spin. In reality, you spend more or less than that depending on random outcomes, but over millions of plays on thousands of machines it means a good twopence on the pound for the Brits and two cents on the dollar for Americans.
Companies, that is. Not for the players.
A really convincing argument would be based on the ROM's internal code rather than on statistical analyses of the emulator output. After all, as long as an emulator is used, there is no way to know whether the ROM really has "cheater code" built in, or whether it's an emulator bug that is causing the analyses to come up wrong.
That's it. I'm no longer part of Team Sanity.
I keep telling people to play the change machines instead, at least you're gonna break even on each slot session.
Someone unlocked a machine and stole the board, and put the chip on a rom reader and dumped the code. Obviously, highly illegal.
Someone has a connection on the inside with someone who has access to the raw code. Not likely, (job security issues) unless someone with access to the code recently got sacked or is otherwise disgruntled. Again, obviously highly illegal.
This could simply be a hoax.
Of course, if the Roms were obtained illegally - there's a perfectly good reason as to why they wouldn't disclose how they were obtained. But nonetheless, when someone is accusing a big money industry of something so severe and underhanded it seems to me that they shouldn't take the readers who are keenly interested in this for granted and expect them to believe all of thier accusations without some sort of vague effort to let the readers know that the information they are relying on is in fact somewhat trustworthy.
Plus, if they disclosed their methods, people may be able to test the Vegas and Reno machines in the same manner, which suck up more money than all of the UK machines easily, at least I'd imagine they suck up more money given the extraordinary volume of machines and players in Vegas.
.sig wanted: Must be concise, funny, and display my cleverness.
I know it's a great /. tradition not to read the articles, but, for once, could you make an attempt?
To summerise the problem, the ROM shows that the outcome of slot machines is predetermined. In the acticle it gives an example:
"The machine has a number reel, with numbers from 1 to 12. On the reel a "10" is showing. Should you go Higher, or Lower?"
Apparently the machine doesn't pick a number at random from 1 to 12 and compares that to your guess of higher or lower. Instead it is predetermined whether you win or lose, so whichever button you press doesn't matter.
An emulator enables you to save and restore previous states, so that you can find out what would have happened. In this case, the author/s of the piece are saying that slot machines are predetermined things, at least in part.
This is probably illegal, as the machine is strongly implying that your guess will affect your chances (higher than 10 is less likely than lower than 10), which is shown to be untrue. It's almost like having a fixed dice game. In a fair game you'd expect to have 1/6 chance of winning when you roll a dice. In the above slot-machine example you'd expect a 1/6 chance of winning if you pressed Higher, and a 3/4 chance of winning if you pressed Lower, and this isn't the case.
Every year a couple of programmers try taking a shower for the first time and they are inevitable found dead a couple of days later.
Instructions on shampoo bottles say:
Lather; rinse; repeat.
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- - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
First off, the article (yes, I read the article). The author's biggest peeve is that the outcome of the "double or nothing" option on the fruit machines is determined before the user even chooses. Big whoop. Whether the magic number is determined before or after you choose is meaningless; it does not affect the odds.
Second, a previous poster mentioned the RNG. In IGT slots (and I would imagine most modern ones), the RNG device is a super-sensitive measurement device that detects tiny vibrations in the chassis. This is a much better way of seeding a number generator than any software-based solution. No, banging on the chassis won't increase your odds, but it will cause the machine to tilt and will probably get the attention of a security guard. ;) Also, the machine uses this entropy to re-seed itself thousands of times per second, not just once in the beginning.
Lastly, there's the method for choosing if you win or loose. As soon as you press the "spin reels" button (or pull the handle on machine that still support that), the outcome is already known. Let me repeat: THE OUTCOME IS KNOWN before the reels start spinning. The actual spinning of the reels is just eye candy.
This part takes a bit more explaining: say each reel have three symbols on them (we'll call them A, B, and C; in reality, the reels have maybe a couple dozen). In this example, C is the most favorable; you get a jackpot if you get three C's. You would think that this would mean that you would have a 1 in 27 chance of hitting the jackpot (3^3). Nope. The internal mechanism works like so: Okay, you have 3 symbols on each wheel. Inside the program, there are 3 arrays of symbols, but the number of elements inside the array is much more than 3. Say these are the arrays:
- Reel 1: AAABBBBCCCCC
- Reel 2: AAAABBBBCCCC
- Reel 3: AAAAAAAABBBC
The machine picks a random element from each array. Do you see what's going on here? There are more Cs in the first reel array, making it very likely to hit a C on the first reel. Next is a slightly less chance to hit C again. The third time is nearly impossible. Yet it builds you hope up, thinking you're about to hit the jackpot.Is this deceitful? Yes. Does it prey upon the stupid? Yes. Is it illegal? Nope. These methods produce a certain payout percentage, and the techniques for producing them are "public" knowledge, usually regulated by your state's gambling office.
In conclusion, stick to blackjack.
In Nevada, the source code for any legal game is reviewed by the state Gaming Control Board before approval. So it's pretty tough (but not impossible!) for a programmer to add such twists. And when a really big jackpot is hit, the casinos have internal audit personnel that tear the machine apart to check for any sort of tampering. At this time, they also review the chips to make sure they are approved chips. Many Nevada casinos advertize 98% payback, but by law, the payout can be as low as something like 78% (not sure the exact amount, but it's down in the 70's); which means on the average, the casino makes a lot more money than just a few pennies. The payback for some table games is even worse (some are better... in Blackjack, the odds constantly shift back and forth between the player and the casino). I work for a company that makes a computer system that interfaces to slot machines; I get to play slots everyday... A good job if you can get it ;-)
I also have friends that work in casinos and for actual slot manufacturers. I'm not a mathmetics expert, nor even a gaming expert, but I do sorta know a bit about it.
If anyone's interested, you can check out all the rules and regulations at:
http://gaming.state.nv.us/