Slashdot Mirror


Sub-Zero Squirrels

DesertFalcon writes "There's a Wired article about squirrels in the Arctic whose body temperatures drop below freezing when they hibernate. Scientists have the goal of applying this to humans in the long run. Could this be the answer to problems with long-distance space travel?" We had a previous story on this.

66 comments

  1. Supercooling by penguinoid · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Must be a different type of supercooling than I know about. Any disturbance would cause the supercooled liquid to freeze.

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
    1. Re:Supercooling by mdielmann · · Score: 1

      I would guess that it has nothing to do with supercooling. Human blood freezes at -2 or -3 degrees. Slightly different chemistry could make the freezing point lower for the squirrels.

      --
      Sure I'm paranoid, but am I paranoid enough?
    2. Re:Supercooling by cupofjoe · · Score: 3, Funny

      In that case, then, could you imagine what a strong, localized earthquake would do to the local squirrel population?

      It'd be like a bunch of icepacks with fur.

      I think the fact that supercooling proceeds to completion at all is a sign that there's something else going on.

  2. Temperature is not an issue by ptaff · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Could this be the answer to problems with long-distance space travel?


    We're talking about -3C, it's not that fantastic. Some fish already survive in waters colder than 0C, and Girl scouts already know about it :)

    And if a space habitat can heat up to 270K, well I guess it can heat up to 288K. It's not that different compared to the one digit Kelvin temperature in space.

    Hibernation is the real issue here.

    1. Re:Temperature is not an issue by Acidic_Diarrhea · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You may be completely correct. The only possible explanation of why this is more interesting than those fish (and I may be off in left field with this - so correct me if I am) aren't mammals. A squirrel is interesting because it is a mammal. Obviously the hibernation situation is the big step but I guess I see this as proof of concept that an animal similar to humans, moreso than fish anyway, can survive below freezing. Thanks for your comment nonetheless.

      --
      I hate liberals. If you are a liberal, do not reply.
    2. Re:Temperature is not an issue by cupofjoe · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I would think the problem would be warming up after the hibernation period was over. The squirrel has to retain enough stored energy to complete this process.

      Come to think of it, as long as its body fluid doesn't freeze, the required energy remains minimal - melting is what hogs up so much energy. Now, the supercooling without freezing; that suggests that squirrel blood has a very low concentration of dissolved solids - or, like a previous poster suggested, has some kind of antifreeze in there.

      Because, with enough small particles for the freezing process to "grab on" to, BAM. Squirrel-cicle.

      I just have to add one thing, in reference to the original article:

      "PETA's Chandna said it may be difficult to translate this information into human applications. "I think squirrels are very different from us..."

      Duh.
    3. Re:Temperature is not an issue by curious.corn · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, the problem is that solid water has a larger volume that it's liquid form. Freeze an organism containing water and you'll rip cellular stuctures apart. There wouldn't be any problem if the extreme cold ground matabolism to a halt because given decent enough thermal conditions some reactions would occour naturally and provide enough heat to provide for the more delicate ones. Unfortunately you can't just shut down before anoxia because water crystals destroy those delicate biochemical reactors that keep you alive (that's the reason frozen fruit looses it's consistency and taste when frozen).

      --
      Mi domando chi à il mandante di tutte le cazzate che faccio - Altan
    4. Re:Temperature is not an issue by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hate liberals. If you are a liberal, do not reply.

      Nice sig. That perfectly sums up the conservative mindset about open dialog and Free Speech.

    5. Re:Temperature is not an issue by Anonymous+Cow+herd · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Freeze an organism containing water and you'll rip cellular stuctures apart.

      Actually, there is a species of frog that freezes solid during the winter, and thaws out (and lives!) in the summer. More info here

      --
      Ita erat quando hic adveni.
    6. Re:Temperature is not an issue by barakn · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Organs are routinely frozen in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), which protects the cells from ice-crystal damage. DMSO can have some toxic effects, but it still might have a place in the freezing of whole humans.

      --
      "I'm so moist I'm sticking to the leather." -Kermit the Frog on The Late Late Show
  3. PETA objects... wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    It seems interesting to me that a large portion of the article is related to PETA's objections to the program. I've done research into PETA for a school project... At first, I was respectful of the institution's goals- ethical treatment, yaddayadda, cool stuff, right on!
    But PETA's tactics and policies seem iffy at best... this website has spiffy links with quotes from PETA people...
    I find this a pity. There should surely be some group out there which is concerned with animal rights but isn't afflicted with absurd zealotry. I think that it hurts the entire movement, which is a pity, especially when they do some useful stuff (the UNC lab-rat abuse a while back, for instance, where the staff was being delibrately cruel...)

    PETA and the terrorist groups it associates with really ought to go after something that's a bit more widespread or quite a bit more cruel, not a few dozen squirrels being monitored humanely for what may yet prove incalculable benefits to mankind.

    1. Re:PETA objects... wow by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      It seems like PETA would prefer human testing to animal testing... in which case, I nominate the members of PETA for test subjects. Some of those animal-dressed chicks are pretty hot, but you can go ahead and drip drano into the eyes of the rest of 'em.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:PETA objects... wow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      SPCA. All the good parts, minimal of the zealotry

  4. Dems good eatin by seanmeister · · Score: 5, Funny

    Could this be the answer to problems with long-distance space travel?

    That depends on how many squirrels you can pack onto the ship.

    1. Re:Dems good eatin by SmallFurryCreature · · Score: 2, Funny
      hehe, but the real problem would be training the squirrel to wake the other squirrels. Maybe a robotic squirrel can be there. You would need really small face huggers however. And of course a queen the size of a housecat isn't all that scary.

      Yes I watched to much aliens. Sue me.

      --

      MMO Quests are like orgasms:

      You may solo them, I prefer them in a group.

    2. Re:Dems good eatin by zCyl · · Score: 1

      Your subject sounds like an unfortunate political campaign strategy...

  5. Don't bet on a quick fix, but learn anyway by G4from128k · · Score: 4, Insightful

    These ground squirrels are probably deeply adapted in multidimensional ways to the low temperatures. In contrast, the biochemical pathways of people are all tuned to operate at normal body temperature. I doubt that there is an easy way to make the human body hiberate at low temperature. Too many systems would be affected or thrown out-of-balance by the cold.

    Nonetheless, we can learn from hibernating animals. One area that may be promising is how bears maintain bone density during hibernation (pardon my potential redundancy if this was posetd on /. already). Helping astronauts retain bone mass during zero-G would involve a less severe chemical rejiggering than creating full-fledged cold-body hibernation.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
    1. Re:Don't bet on a quick fix, but learn anyway by mph · · Score: 2, Funny
      (pardon my potential redundancy if this was posetd on /. already)
      This is Slashdot. We expect the same story to be posted two days straight, at least. Referring to an old story in passing is nothing to worry about.

      I'm surprised there's no "Redundant (+1)" moderation option.

  6. can you buy 'em by the dozen? by KingPrad · · Score: 4, Funny

    Or we could start freezing the useless and parasitic parts of the population and use them for building materials.

    I, for one, would like to be able to buy a cord of assorted frozen politicians, lawyers, telemarketers, and SCO executives and build a log cabin of them. This may only work in northern regions though and you'd still have to insulate them to keep the summer heat from reawakening them, because that is a nightmare beyond imagining. Imagine your house beginning to yammer at you in mid-spring and reach a full-blast talk-fest in August until quietening down in October.

    We've got plenty of useless people in society...why not do something useful with them? Building materials. Lawn gnomes. Support beams for coal mines. Nuclear moderating rods. If we ever need to run dangerous medical tests we can reanimate them and they'll be perfecty useful again! Or we could freeze them into hibernation for most of the year except for a designated hunting season in March when they are warmed up and turned loose in a few game reserves.
    -

    --
    Stop the Slashdot Effect! Don't read the articles!
    1. Re:can you buy 'em by the dozen? by SmallFurryCreature · · Score: 2, Funny

      You would build your house on lawyers? Talk about a shifty(ng) foundation. Of course politicians would be used for towers. Free rotating action for the restaurant on top. SCO foundations would however collapse overnight whenever a 800 pound blue gorrilla sits on it.

      --

      MMO Quests are like orgasms:

      You may solo them, I prefer them in a group.

    2. Re:can you buy 'em by the dozen? by TSage · · Score: 1

      Well, I think these people should realize that a giant space goat is about to swallow the planet! They should quickly be put into hibernation and placed on a spaceship (called, oh I don't know, the B Ark) that will be auto-piloted to another planet!

      Meanwhile, all of us nontrolls and generally good people will get into two other Arks and be sent along afterwards.

      Hey if another planet can do it to us, we can do it to them...

      Long Live Doug Adams!

      TSage

    3. Re:can you buy 'em by the dozen? by hurtstotouchfire · · Score: 1
      My thoughts exactly. This would of course imply that the Golgafrinchans on Earth (a race of middlemen) would have somehow evolved two-thirds of their population into useful people.

      Truly, there is hope.

      History repeats itself - Beware dirty telephones.

    4. Re:can you buy 'em by the dozen? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your ideas are interesting, and I wish to subscribe to your newsletter.

  7. Re:um. by Charles+Dart · · Score: 1

    You are right that Hibernation won't increase your lifespan, but cryogenic freezing might. If it is possible to slow down the atoms in a cell to near 0 Kelvin without crystalization, then you got your ticket to Tau Ceti.

  8. Cuddly friends by rhs98 · · Score: 1, Troll

    "Barnes' research may do little to enhance human-squirrel relations, however, since it involves luring the squirrel into a cage and then whisking it off to the operating table where its abdominal cavity is cut open and a data logger inserted."

    They love to state the obvious.
    Also, what happens to the data logger?

    "Barnes said that the squirrels are not bothered by the procedure"

    I'd be bothered if some massive stranger came over, offered me food, didn't give it and put me in a cage. Let alone then operating on me!
    Wonder if the dataloggers Microsoft Windows CE powered...

  9. Squirrals? Big Deal. by weeboo0104 · · Score: 1, Funny

    I have an ex-girlfriend who was frigid in bed

    --
    It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men. -Frederick Douglass
    1. Re:Squirrals? Big Deal. by rhs98 · · Score: 4, Funny

      I bet she didn't even need an injection to achieve that with your subtly

    2. Re:Squirrals? Big Deal. by damien_kane · · Score: 2, Funny

      I bet she didn't even need an injection

      I would assume so, but I think grandparent's complaint is moreso that she outright refused the injection...

    3. Re:Squirrals? Big Deal. by rhuntley12 · · Score: 1

      By girlfriend you mean you overheard a conversation in Mcdonalds about someones girlfriend?

    4. Re:Squirrals? Big Deal. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You'd think she'd be more accomdating for her grandparents. Them being family and all.

  10. Data logger full? by rhs98 · · Score: 1

    "The logger consists of a computer chip with memory capacity, a battery and a thermometer. It records the squirrel's internal temperature every 12 minutes. After a year and a half, the memory capacity is full."
    And now Barnes and the little squirrel live happily ever after...

    Almost.

  11. An entire useless third of the population... by Baron_Yam · · Score: 2, Funny

    Perhaps we could build some kind of 'ark', load it up with this bunch of bloody loonies, and arrange to have it crash somewhere very remote so we don't have to deal with them anymore.

    As long as everyone keeps their telephones clean, we'll be OK.

    1. Re:An entire useless third of the population... by Bishop923 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Europe tried that a few hundred years ago and it came back to bite them in the ass :-)

    2. Re:An entire useless third of the population... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >Europe tried that a few hundred years ago and it came back to bite them in the ass :-)

      One of them most intelligent posts of the day!

  12. Re:Screw long-distance space travel by Smidge204 · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    That is typically an indication tht you're not drinking it fast enough...

    =Smidge=

  13. RIP Kaminski, Hunter, and White. by cupofjoe · · Score: 4, Funny

    Everybody knows they already tried this with long-distance space travel. The problem wasn't freezing people, it was getting HAL to look after them.

    Duh.

    Besides, didn't we just leave this party?

    1. Re:RIP Kaminski, Hunter, and White. by cupofjoe · · Score: 1

      Um, that "White" may have been "Kimball," based on some evidence. But I could've sworn it was White. I must be thinking of Apollo 1. Damn real-life.

  14. In the year 2000... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Time traveling Artic Space squrrels return from Alpha Centauri to open the well recieved Chu Man chain of Chinese restaurants until it is learned they serve humans. AS DINER!

  15. Perhaps someone should inform... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    ...those Harvard light freezers about these squirrels. They might have a new place to shoot photons.

  16. The answer to unemployment! by KurdtX · · Score: 4, Funny

    Hey, a bit off the wall, but wouldn't this be the answer to unemployment as well? Sure you'd have to figure out something to represent you so you don't have to be defrosted for every interview (as I assume the frosting/defrosting part is the worst), but I think that can be solved.

    Think about it, you get fired, and instead of heading to the bar and spending your last paycheck on booze, you step into a freezer and then when you wake up someone's ready to do final negotiations on salary & benefits with you. You've probably even made money from the unemployment checks. Now, if they could only figure out a way to have you virtually play video games the entire time you're frozen.

    (And no, I'm not serious, although it's cool to think about)

    --

    Kurdt
    I'm not anti-social. Just pro-technology.
    1. Re:The answer to unemployment! by El · · Score: 2, Funny

      Chances are your skill set would be obsolete by the time somebody thaws you out... heck, if I sleep more than 8 hours a night I fall behind the technology curve!

      --

      "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

    2. Re:The answer to unemployment! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sounds great until you wake up, strapped to a restraint with an alien egg opening right in front of your face.

    3. Re:The answer to unemployment! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It would be no solution. Every frozen person stops consumming. That simply slows down the economy even more and workers who aren't performing so well are let go. That may happen until there is only one consumer and one producer, the same person. He would die of boredom and freeze himself.

  17. Re:um. by El · · Score: 1

    I mean, besides the fact that we have no reason to send people long distances through space at the moment? Where would you prefer Darl McBride be: 1) In Utah, or 2) En route to Alpha Centauri? Just don't make the mistake of assuming some people (like the telephone sanitizers) are dispensable when they really are not. Let's face it, we've got to start exporting lawyers to SOMEWHERE, and Siberia won't take 'em!

    --

    "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

  18. Another problem with radiation... by orn · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Your system has a bunch of different ways of handling cells that have DNA errors. There are some systems for actually repairing your DNA and there are systems for recognizing (and destroying) cells with lots of problems (this is a large part of what a sunburn is).

    All the techniques depend on your cells operating normally. If you hibernate for six months, presumably metabolism is slowed and those processes will slow. That means that your normal radiation repair functions will be inhibited and you'll be more likely to wake up with the precursors to cancer.

    Not good...

    I suppose, if you're out cold (literally) then you could be out cold in a tiny little chamber with some walls with a lot of mass. But those won't block everything. You have to wonder how an awake person in your average double-hulled, water-filled-gap space ship (which doesn't exist yet) will fare against the side of beef in the thickwalled freezer over the long run.

    --
    1. 2.
  19. I, for one, by MainframeKiller · · Score: 3, Funny

    welcome our new cryogenic squirrel overlords!

    Ah... I long for the days of AYBABTU...

    --
    http://www.club977.com/ - The 80's Channel!
    Your source for commercial free 80's music!
    1. Re:I, for one, by SuiteSisterMary · · Score: 1

      Squirrel 1: What happen?
      Squirrel 2: Someone set up us the winter.
      Squirrel 2: We get signal.
      Squirrel 1: What?
      Squirrel 2: Main screen turn on.
      Old Man Winter: How are you rodents?
      OMW: All your body heat are belong to us.
      Squirrel 1: What you say??
      OMW: You are on the way to hibernation.
      OMW: You have no chance to stay active, make your time.
      OMW: Ha ha ha!
      Squirrel 1: Take off every nuts.
      Squirrel 2: You know what you doing?
      Squirrel 1: Move nuts.
      Squirrel 1: For great justice.

      Happy?

      --
      Vintage computer games and RPG books available. Email me if you're interested.
  20. Temperature is an issue by hurtstotouchfire · · Score: 1
    The article mentions other uses of this concept than just cryogenic freezing and space travel. Those are merely the two that our fellow /.ers have focused on (go figure).

    By replicating the squirrel's trick, transplant organs would have a longer shelf life.

    Use your imagination (for something other than sci fi). There are plenty of sane scientific uses for this concept, that still guarantee keeping a steady -3 degrees.

    Then again, there's cryogenic freezing, and that's pretty much what I'm living to wait for now.

  21. "Consumer Freedom" are paid PR flacks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And are funded by Tyson Foods (the largest chicken processor) and the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, among others.

    PeTA's tactics are... get ready for this shocker... ad campaigns. If there were real "terrorist" connections (especially with some of these "terrorists" quoted by name, at public gatherings), in this post-911 world, don't you think these people would've been nabbed?

    PeTA most likely didn't "go after" these squirrel monitors, they get contacted for quotes ALL THE TIME, because they are the largest animal rights group in the world. The main focus is on factory farming, see Meet Your Meat and The Meatrix.

    As for "absurd zealotry", that could easily be applied to those who defend the killing of 10 billion land animals every year in the U.S., and 15 billion acquatic ones.

    Anyway, if you don't get it now, you will eventually, when we finally run out of resources and can't keep pumping 80% of the food and fresh water into inefficient middlemen consumers. Then you'll be eating veggie burgers by necessity.

  22. great name... by lunartech · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...for a band

  23. I'm suspicious by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 2, Funny

    I suspect this is all part of some elaborate scheme to steal more sunflower seeds from a nearby birdfeeder. Of course, we haven't figured out their plan yet - they're still outsmarting us.

    "So long and thanks for all the sunflower seeds", and such.

    --
    My God, it's Full of Source!
    OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
  24. The alcohol theory. . . by MikeDawg · · Score: 2, Funny

    I like to think that my blood has a lower freezing point than others; it generally has a higher alcohol content than the average person's blood. I like to think that by drinking I would be able to survive some pretty extremely cold situations.

    On another note: "Hello everyone. . . My name is Mike. . . I'm an alcoholic"

    --

    YOU'RE WINNER !
    Another lame blog

  25. Re:First post by *SpOoNdRiFt* · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The Seagull and Arctic Ice Fish can both produce an "anti freeze" compound in their bloodstream. I guess the squirrel can do similar. The big question is; Can humans tolerate this toxin? also, what are the by products from this toxin? I hope we find answers because this is required for future space travel. http://www.solcomhouse.com/Antarctica.htm

  26. um. err.... by Dr.+GeneMachine · · Score: 1
    BAAAD idea! Really bad idea. Sending Darl and a bunch of lawyers to outer space? What if they meet intelligent life out there??? Would you want those guys to be our ambassadors?????

    The aliens wrath will be terrible, their retribution swift.

    --
    This comment does not exist.
  27. antifreeze compounds by Dr.+GeneMachine · · Score: 1
    It is not a toxin per se. These are antifreeze proteins. They might trigger allergic reactions, but they are not toxic as such, nor do they produce toxic byproducts.

    But i don't think preventing ice crystal damage would be the major problem for cryogenic suspension. Cryosleep would essentially shut down the electrophysiological processes in the brain, and I don't see a way to "reboot" the brain properly once it is shut down. There's a lot more to this than antifreeze compounds.

    --
    This comment does not exist.
  28. I, for one... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... welcome our new supercool squirrel overlords!

  29. Fact: squirrels are dying by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Fact: squirrels are dying

    It is common knowledge that squirrels are dying. Everyone knows that ever hapless squirrels are mired in an irrecoverable and mortifying tangle of fatal trouble. It is perhaps anybody's guess as to which squirrels are the worst off of an admittedly suffering squirrels community. The numbers continue to decline for Windows but squirrels may be hurting the most. Look at the numbers. The erosion of user base for squirrels continues in a head spinning downward spiral.

    All major marketing surveys show that squirrels have steadily declined in market share. squirrels are very sick and their long term survival prospects are very dim. If squirrels are to survive at all it will be among hobbyist dilettante dabblers. In truth, for all practical purposes squirrels are already dead. They are a dead man walking.

    Fact: squirrels are dying

  30. PETA: People Eating Tasty Animals by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't see why they should object, assuming their microwave has a defrost setting

  31. Supercooled blood by taphu · · Score: 1

    hmm... I hope they have an good explanation for how the blood stays in a supercooled state.

    My understanding is that liquid is a supercooled state is very unstable. I saw a small mud puddle (in Canada) that had gotten into a supercooled state because the temperature was dropping very slowly and the puddle was not disturbed at all. But if you disturb it even a little, the whole thing would freeze solid. Does this happen to the squirls? What happens if you kick a hibernating squirel?