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A Deep Space Primer

phil reed writes "With the latest Mars missions still in the news, people might be curious about what it takes to actually run a deep space mission: how a spacecraft is designed, how the communications are handled, what kind of project management is in place to make it all work. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has a primer online that gives broad general coverage of all aspects of putting a satellite into orbit and how to manage it once it's there. Fascinating reading, with lots of links to more detail."

12 of 118 comments (clear)

  1. Its Mind Boggling by MonkeysKickAss · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It is so mind boggling when you think aabout the actual costs to make one of these mars rovers and how much it costs to send it up in space. After all these are basically disposable because they most likely will never get them bac unless we make a succesfull manned mission to mars.

    --
    MonkeysKickAss
    1. Re:Its Mind Boggling by morcheeba · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Would you really want them back?

      The objective of these missions is to learn more about mars.. if we were just interplanetary joyriding, then, yes, I'd want the rover back -- but that's not the case here.

      Besides, the rovers are only a small portion of the cost of the mission - even if we could magically get these back for free, it would be worth the effort to build new rovers that incorporate the things learned on previous missions and provide new and different capabilities.

    2. Re:Its Mind Boggling by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If you think the cost is mind boggling, you haven't seen what it would cost to if they were designed to return to earth when they were done.

  2. JPL by miketo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There are a lot of smart, dedicated, and *unsung* heroes at JPL. NASA tends to get all the celebrity, but JPL deserves it just as much. Thanks to all who are working on our Mars missions and the various other missions that are increasing our knowledge of our universe and ourselves.

  3. Nice to see. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's nice to see that space exploration has come so far in my lifetime. When I was a boy during WWII, travel to Mars, even by machines, was just science fiction, and the stuff of magazine covers. Most of the world's scientists and engineers were at work developing weapons of war, and for some of them, rockets, high altitude airplanes, etc. were allowed projects that laid the foundation for today's space miracles.

  4. Long-feedback cycles and good design by G4from128k · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This type of careful planning and careful execution is useful for any endeavour with long or expensive feedback cycles. That includes terrestrial tasks like creating nuclear powerplants. Too many engineers have a hands-on, tweak-and-see hacker mentality, where projects like Mars rovers, nukes (and many other projects)need to work as planned right out of the box.

    A former boss and engineer had a great story about his early job experience designing circuits for a guided missile. He showed his first circuit design to the boss and the boss noted all the little adjustable pots in the circuit. The boss simply said, "Are you going to fly with that missile to tweak all the pots?"

    Although simulations, testing, and prototyping are great, truely great engineering just works because it was designed correctly from the beginning to just work.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
    1. Re:Long-feedback cycles and good design by iggymanz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Not true. To design something very complicated like an aircraft or Mars rover there are *many* models and experimentation done, because almost all textbook equations are only approximations of reality. Since you used example of missile, there is NO WAY to model the turbulence, forces, torques, etc. involved with a real missile in flight, though we are getting better at approximating them. Any missile design will have many man-years of "twiddling, tweaking, and hacking" in the evolution of its design.

      To use an even simpler exmple, what if one burns 2.00000 moles of hydrogn and 1.00000 moles of oxygen, how much water is produced? If you answer that question based on what you learned in freshman chemistry you'd be wrong. In the real world, reactions never go to 100%, reagents aren't pure, and other chemicals besides water (like hydrogen peroxide) would be produced. And the ONLY way to know how much water would be produced under given conditions would be to actually do it. And then, you'd find for repeated experiments the amount wouldn't quite be the same!

      And finally, I'd point out that when systems fail aboard a Mars rover, they're very much back the realm of hacking, tweaking and fiddling.

  5. Misleading title... by pla · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Humans have yet to perform any "Deep space" exploration.

    The Voyager missions come the closest, but still remain fairly near home, on any meaningful interstellar scale.

    The linked article discusses interplanetary exploration. Quite a bit of a difference.

  6. Re:how the communications are handled by red+floyd · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Doesn't work. The vibrational impulse is passed through the medium in the tube. This impulse goes slower than light.

    --
    The only reason we have the rights we have is that people just like us died to gain those rights. -- Cheerio Boy
  7. Cheaper future vs. the vicious cycle of cost by G4from128k · · Score: 3, Insightful

    But I look forward to the day when we can develop space hardware the same incremental way we develop other things.

    Absolutely! I look forward to a range of advancements such as lower cost access to space (personal fav is a space elevator), truely routine manned space operations, and better adaptive/autonomous robotic systems.

    Yet I fear that the foreseeable future (next 20 years at least) will be dominated by rare and expensive space projects in which every lauch counts and every EVA-hour is carefully scripted and rehearsed.

    Its a vicious loop, really. Because space is expensive, space projects are very carefully planned and executed. And because space projects are so carefully planned and executed, they are expensive.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
  8. Re:I agree but.. by mge · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I cannot begin to comprehend an organism that can be so wrong in so many ways in such little space.

    to take one sentence... ...American people need to vote this year, so their minds should not dwell on 500+ unnessacery deaths.
    They should dwell on it, and their responsibilities as Citezens of the US. If the more than 200 million citezens, of the most powerful nation-state currently in existence, ever felt squeamish about the loss of 500 lives, there would be a LOT more wars, a lot more killing and a lot more misery. Or would you rather have Saddam still murdering and starving his people ?

    There's so much trouble that could have easily been solved if that energy was put to more urgent matters
    in short, my answer to your first sentence :
    The human condition is the need to explore.

  9. "Deep"? by Simon+Garlick · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Calling the almost insignificant distance between Earth and Mars "deep space" is like calling ankle-deep water at your local becah "deep ocean".